The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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3,021 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17786
The Effects of State Paid Sick Leave Mandates on Parental Childcare Time
J. Catherine Maclean, Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17762
Firms’ Beliefs About Wage Setting
Antoine Bertheau, Christian Philip Hoeck
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17757
Quest for Talents: Attraction and Retention of Highly-Skilled Overseas Chinese in the United States and Canada
Tony Fang, Lilac Ge, John Hartley, Hui Ming
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17755
The Learning Crisis in the United States Three Years After COVID-19
Harry Anthony Patrinos, Maciej Jakubowski, Tomasz Gajderowicz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17750
Preferences for Gender Diversity in High-Profile Jobs
Celina Högn, Lea Mayer, Johannes Rincke, Erwin Winkler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17746
Artificial Intelligence and Labor Market Transformations in Latin America
Pablo Egana-delSol, Claudio Bravo-Ortega
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17741
The Causal Effect of Speaking Spanish as an Additional Language on Education, Labor, and Wellbeing Outcomes, Among the Indigenous Ethno-Linguistic Minorities of Mexico
Alfonso Miranda
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17732
The Impact of Higher Education on Employer Perceptions
Renske Stans, Laura Ehrmantraut, Malin Siemers, Pia Pinger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17724
The Relative Importance of the Establishment in the Determination of Job Quality
Alex Bryson, John Forth, Francis Green
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17723
Skills, Migration, and Urban Amenities over the Life Cycle
David Albouy, Jason Faberman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17721
Too Much of a Good Thing? Telework Intensity and Workplace Experiences
Eline Moens, Louis Lippens, Kathleen Vangronsvelt, Ans De Vos, Stijn Baert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17717
Explaining Stagnation in the College Wage Premium
Leila Bengali, Robert G. Valletta, Cindy Zhao
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17704
Why Firms Lay Off Workers Instead of Cutting Wages: Evidence from Linked Survey-Administrative Data
Antoine Bertheau, Marianna Kudlyak, Birthe Larsen, Morten Bennedsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17699
Returns to Testosterone Across Men's Earnings Distribution in the UK
Peter Eibich, Ricky Kanabar, Alexander T. Plum
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17693
Assessing the Value of Incomplete University Degrees: Experimental Evidence from HR Recruiters
Andrea Diem, Christian Gschwendt, Stefan C. Wolter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17690
Human Capital Spillovers and the External Returns to Education
Pedro Portugal, Hugo Reis, Paulo Guimaraes, Ana Rute Cardoso
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17688
The Labor Market Effects of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws
Emily Battaglia, Jessica H. Brown
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17679
The Disability Pay Gap Within and Across Firms
John Forth, Melanie K. Jones
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17673
Unpacking the Child Penalty Using Personnel Data: How Promotion Practices Widen the Gender Pay Gap
Yoko Okuyama, Takeshi Murooka, Shintaro Yamaguchi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17670
Rigid Yet Resilient: Firms' Margins of Adjustment to Demand Shocks in Regulated Labour Markets
Claudio Lucifora, Federica Origo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17667
Using Machine Learning to Understand the Heterogeneous Earnings Effects of Exports
Johanna Muffert, Erwin Winkler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17663
Offshoring, Matching, and Wage Inequality: Theory and Evidence
Gueyon Kim, Dohyeon Lee, Dario Pozzoli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17657
Short-Time Work and Unionization
Daniele Biancardi, Claudio Lucifora, Federica Origo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17655
Workers' Job Prospects and Young Firm Dynamics
Seula Kim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17644
Variable Pay and Risk Sharing Between Firms and Workers
Jason Sockin, Michael Sockin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17621
One Cohort at a Time: A New Perspective on the Declining Gender Pay Gap
Jaime Arellano-Bover, Nicola Bianchi, Salvatore Lattanzio, Matteo Paradisi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17613
Decomposing Recruitment Elasticity in Job Matching
Ryo Kambayashi, Kohei Kawaguchi, Suguru Otani
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17607
Are Artificial Intelligence (AI) Skills a Reward or a Gamble? Deconstructing the AI Wage Premium in Europe
Konstantinos Pouliakas, Giulia Santangelo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17603
Motherhood on Campus: Timing Childbirth during University Studies
Nicoline Josephine Bach, Astrid Würtz Rasmussen, Nina Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17602
Gender and Top Lifetime Earnings Inequality: Ten New Facts from Brazil
Tomás R. Martinez, Antonio Martins-Neto, Ursula Mello
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17598
Labour Market Dynamics of Minimum Wage Workers
Paul Redmond, Seamus McGuinness, Elish Kelly
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17594
Menu Adjustment in Response to the Minimum Wage: A Return to the New Jersey-Pennsylvania Border
Kerry L. Papps, Michael R. Strain
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17592
The Value of Remote Work: A Correspondence Experiment on Tutors
Sofoklis Goulas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17588
Couples' Remote Work Arrangements and Labor Supply
Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia, Victoria Vernon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17587
Phasing Out Payroll Tax Subsidies
Anna Herget, Regina T. Riphahn
forthcoming in: International Tax and Public Finance.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17575
A 22 Percent Increase in the German Minimum Wage: Nothing Crazy!
Mario Bossler, Lars Chittka, Thorsten Schank
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17568
Moderation in Higher-Order Earnings Risk? Evidence from German Cohorts
Niklas Isaak, Robin Jessen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17567
The Diverging Trends of Male and Female Bottom Earnings in Germany
Eliana Coschignano, Robin Jessen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17563
Modelling Monospony on the Labor Market with Separable Matching Models
Pauline Corblet, Arnaud Dupuy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17558
Gender Inequality in the Labor Market: Continuing Progress?
Francine D. Blau
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17554
AI, Task Changes in Jobs, and Worker Reallocation
Christina Gathmann, Felix Grimm, Erwin Winkler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17550
The Learning Crisis: Three Years After COVID-19
Tomasz Gajderowicz, Maciej Jakubowski, Alec Kennedy, Christian Christrup, Harry Anthony Patrinos, Rolf Strietholt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17549
Measuring Quality of Life Under Spatial Frictions
Gabriel M. Ahlfeldt, Fabian Bald, Duncan H.W. Roth, Tobias Seidel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17541
Coworker Networks from Student Jobs: A Flying Start at Labor Market Entry?
Gökay Demir, Friederike Hertweck, Malte Sandner, Ipek Yükselen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17536
How Regulations Impact the Labor Market: A Review of the Literatures on Product and Labor Market Regulations
David Alzate, Eliana Carranza, Joana Duran-Franch, Truman Packard, Celina Proffen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17523
Immigration, Inequality and Income Taxes
Mirjam Bächli, Albrecht Glitz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17510
Labor Market Frictions and Spillover Effects from Publicly Announced Sectoral Minimum Wages
Gökay Demir
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17503
Training, Automation, and Wages: International Worker-Level Evidence
Oliver Falck, Yuchen Guo, Christina Langer, Valentin Lindlacher, Simon Wiederhold
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17498
Hours Risk and Wage Risk: Repercussions over the Life-Cycle
Robin Jessen, Johannes König
published in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2023, 125( 4), 956–996.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17494
Does Early Timing of First Birth Lead to Lower Earnings in Midlife in Britain?
Jessica Nisén, Johanna Tassot, Francesco Iacoella, Peter Eibich
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17489
Biased Returns to Tenure: The Impact of Firm-Specific Shocks on Base and Non-base Earnings
Daniel Schaefer, Carl Singleton, Nikolaos Theodoropoulos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17487
Early Career Effects of Entering the Labor Market During Higher Education Expansion
Johannes Goehausen, Stephan L. Thomsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17476
Heritability in the Labour Market: Evidence from Italian Twins
Sonia Brescianini, Lorenzo Cappellari, Daniele Checchi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17468
Trusted from Home: Managerial Beliefs and Workers' Spatial Autonomy
Adam Gill, Oskar Nordström Skans
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17460
When Matthew Met Larry: Explaining the Persistence of Gender Underrepresentation in High Status Organizations
Steven J. Bosworth, Marina Della Giusta
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17455
Child Penalties, Child Outcomes, and Family Culture
Eric D. Gould, Guy Lichtinger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17454
Assortative Matching and Wages: The Role of Selection
Katarina Borovickova, Robert Shimer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17453
Are Firms Willing to Pay Lower Wages? A Quasi-Experiment on Subminimum Wage Policy
Petri Böckerman, Toni Juuti, Tuomas Kosonen, Henri Keränen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17449
Optimal Compensation in Competitive Labor Markets with Heterogeneous Employers and Workers
Samuel Häfner, Niklas Haeusle, Winfried Koeniger, Alexander Braun
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17447
Scarce Workers, High Wages?
Erik-Benjamin Börschlein, Mario Bossler, Martin Popp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17444
Lifting Barriers to Skill Transferability: Immigrant Integration through Occupational Recognition
Silke Anger, Jacopo Bassetto, Malte Sandner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17440
Compensation Peer Group Effects: Evidence from NFL Professional Football
Quinn Keefer, Thomas J. Kniesner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17436
Long-Term Employment Effects of the Minimum Wage in Germany: New Data and Estimators
Marco Caliendo, Nico Pestel, Rebecca Olthaus
published in: Labour Economics, 2025, 92, 102648
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17421
Short-Time Work Extensions
Christina Brinkmann, Simon Jäger, Moritz Kuhn, Farzad Saidi, Stefanie Wolter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17418
Stress in the Air: A Conjecture
Oded Stark
published in: Economics & Human Biology, 2024, 55, 101430
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17392
Monopsony in Growth Theory
Pietro Garibaldi, Enrico D. Turri
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17381
The Rules of the Game: Local Wage Bargaining and the Gender Pay Gap
Maria Olsson, Oskar Nordström Skans
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17378
Revisiting Dualism? The Governance of the Low Pay-Low Skill Labour Market in Four European Countries
Werner Eichhorst, Gemma Scalise
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17375
Hard Times, Hard Attitudes? The Effect of Economic Downturns on Gender Norms
Inés Berniell, Leonardo Gasparini, Mariana Marchionni, Mariana Viollaz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17374
Does Weaker Employment Protection Lower the Cost of Job Loss?
Marco Francesconi, Daniela Sonedda
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17363
Work Hours Mismatch
Marta Lachowska, Alexandre Mas, Raffaele Saggio, Stephen A. Woodbury
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17357
Minimum Wages in Concentrated Labor Markets
Martin Popp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17348
How Does Potential Unemployment Insurance Benefit Duration Affect Reemployment Timing and Wages?
Rahel Felder, Hanna Frings, Nikolas Mittag
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17346
Do Big Inequalities in Executive Pay Hurt Firm Performance?
Richard Yiu-Ming Chung, Jed DeVaro, Scott Fung
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17339
Why Do Workers Dislike Inflation? Wage Erosion and Conflict Costs
Joao Guerreiro, Jonathon Hazell, Chen Lian, Christina Patterson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17335
Job Displacement, Remarriage, and Marital Sorting
Hanno Foerster, Tim Obermeier, Bastian Schulz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17327
The Importance of Luck in Executive Promotion Tournaments: Theory and Evidence
Jed DeVaro, Scott Fung
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17326
Accounting for the Growth of Real Wages of U.S. Manufacturing Production Workers since the Nineteenth Century
John H. Pencavel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17323
Monopsony Power and Poverty: The Consequences of Walmart Supercenter Openings
Lukas Lehner, Zachary Parolin, Clemente Pignatti, Rafael Pintro Schmitt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17319
Establishment Size and the Task Content of Jobs: Evidence from 46 Countries
Micole De Vera, Javier Garcia-Brazales
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17313
The Returns to Education over Time and the Effect of COVID-19
Harry Anthony Patrinos, Angelica Rivera-Olvera
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17293
Unraveling the Gender Wage Gap: Exploring Early Career Patterns among University Graduates
Malte Sandner, Ipek Yükselen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17291
Revisiting Sample Bias in the UK's Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, with Implications for Estimates of Low Pay and the Bite of the National Living Wage
John Forth, Alex Bryson, Van Phan, Felix Ritchie, Carl Singleton, Lucy Stokes, Damian Whittard
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17285
Unequal Hiring Wages and Their Impact on the Gender Pay Gap
Tho Pham, Daniel Schaefer, Carl Singleton
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17283
Unbundling Returns to Postsecondary Degrees and Skills: Evidence from Colombia
Matias Busso, Sebastián Montaño, Juan S. Muñoz-Morales
published in: Education Economics, 2024, 33 (1), 1-18
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17279
The Mis-Education of Women in Afghanistan: From Wage Premiums to Economic Losses
Rafiuddin Najam, Harry Anthony Patrinos, Raja Bentaouet Kattan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17273
The Effect of Wages on Job Vacancy Duration: Evidence from a Spatial Discontinuity
Charles Carter, Judith M. Delaney, Kerry L. Papps
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17266
Immigrants and the Portuguese Labor Market: Threat or Advantage?
Parisa Ghasemi, Paulino Teixeira, Carlos Carreira
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17259
The Contribution of Employer Changes to Aggregate Wage Mobility
Nils Torben Hollandt, Steffen Müller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17255
The Gender Wage Gap across Life: Effects of Genetic Predisposition Towards Higher Educational Attainment
Alex Bryson, Tim Morris, David Bann, David Wilkinson
forthcoming in: Economics and Human Biology
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17254
The Impact of Labor Intermediation and Training in High Informality Contexts. Evidence from Paraguay.
Nicolás Campos, Miguel Chalup, Oscar A. Mitnik, Manuel Urquidi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17251
Migrants from a Different Shore: Earnings and Economic Assimilation of Immigrants from China in the United States
Tony Fang, Mei Hsu, Carl Lin
published online in: Journal of Labor Research, 01 October 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17247
The Incidence and Wage Penalty of Overqualification: The Case of Egypt
Ali Fakih, Zeina Lizzaik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17243
CEO Pay Disclosure and Within-Firm Wage Inequality
Agata Maida, Vincenzo Pezone
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17234
Working from Home and Performance Pay: Individual or Collective Payment Schemes?
Uwe Jirjahn, Cinzia Rienzo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17226
Competition in the Labor Market: The Wage Effect of Employer Concentration in China
Jianan Liu, Hongbo Cai, Carl Lin
published online in: Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 18 September 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17221
The Black-White Lifetime Earnings Gap
Ezra Karger, Anthony Wray
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17213
Trading Places: Mobility Responses of Native and Foreign-Born Adults to the China Trade Shock
David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17211
Directed Search, Wages, and Non-wage Amenities: Evidence from an Online Job Board
Veronica Escudero, Hannah Liepmann, Damian Vergara
an updated version can be found here.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17208
Worker Power, Immigrant Sorting, and Firm Dynamics
Mikko Silliman, Alexander Willén
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