The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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1,039 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17950
Monetary Policy in Currency Unions with Unequal Countries
Lukas Boehnert, Sergio de Ferra, Kurt Mitman, Federica Romei
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17949
The Distributional Effects of Oil Shocks
Tobias Broer, John Kramer, Kurt Mitman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17934
The Inequality and Mobility of Exposure to European Soviet Communism
Joan Costa-Font, Anna Nicinska, Melcior Rossello Roig
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17934
The Inequality and Mobility of Exposure to European Soviet Communism
Joan Costa-Font, Anna Nicinska, Melcior Rossello Roig
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17861
Distributional Consequences of Becoming Climate-Neutral
Philipp Hochmuth, Per Krusell, Kurt Mitman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17826
Carbon Pricing and Household Burdens in Newly Affluent Countries – an Application to Lithuania
Herwig Immervoll, Jules Linden, Cathal O'Donoghue, Denisa Maria Sologon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17820
Exposure to Regulation and Income Inequality in Local Labor Markets: Evidence from the U.S. over the Past Half-Century
Andrey Stoyanov, Nick Zubanov
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17814
Educational Ambition, Marital Sorting, and Inequality
Frederik Almar, Benjamin Friedrich, Ana Reynoso, Bastian Schulz, Rune Majlund Vejlin
This paper is a substantially revised version of IZA DP No. 15912.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17788
Are Elites Meritocratic and Efficiency-Seeking? Evidence from MBA Students
Marcel Preuss, Germán Reyes, Jason Somerville, Joy Wu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17774
Using Distributional Random Forests for the Analysis of the Income Distribution
Martin Biewen, Stefan Glaisner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17769
Social Gaps, Perceived Inequality and Protests
Olivier B. Bargain, Holguer Xavier Jara Tamayo, David Rivera
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17767
Global Evidence on Gender Gaps and Child Poverty in Consumption
Ulugbek Aminjonov, Olivier B. Bargain, Maira Colacce
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17767
Global Evidence on Gender Gaps and Child Poverty in Consumption
Ulugbek Aminjonov, Olivier B. Bargain, Maira Colacce
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17751
Seeing Stereotypes
Elisa Baldazzi, Pietro Biroli, Marina Della Giusta, Florent Dubois
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17746
Artificial Intelligence and Labor Market Transformations in Latin America
Pablo Egana-delSol, Claudio Bravo-Ortega
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17682
Artificial Intelligence, the Collapse of Consumer Society, and Oligarchy
Gilles Saint-Paul
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17667
Using Machine Learning to Understand the Heterogeneous Earnings Effects of Exports
Johanna Muffert, Erwin Winkler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17664
Luxuries, Necessities, and the Allocation of Time
Lei Fang, Anne Hannusch, Pedro Silos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17663
Offshoring, Matching, and Wage Inequality: Theory and Evidence
Gueyon Kim, Dohyeon Lee, Dario Pozzoli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17663
Offshoring, Matching, and Wage Inequality: Theory and Evidence
Gueyon Kim, Dohyeon Lee, Dario Pozzoli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17653
Families’ Career Investments and Firms’ Promotion Decisions
Frederik Almar, Benjamin Friedrich, Ana Reynoso, Bastian Schulz, Rune Majlund Vejlin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17652
Levelling the Playing Field? SES Differences in Graduate Degree Choices
Judith M. Delaney, Paul J. Devereux
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17612
Do Early Active Labor Market Policies Improve Outcomes of Not-Yet-Unemployed Workers? Findings from a Randomized Field Experiment
Gerard J. van den Berg, Gesine Stephan, Arne Uhlendorff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17604
Conspicuous Consumption and Visible Inequality
Ana Ferrer, Francisco M. Gonzalez, Iuliia Nesterova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17604
Conspicuous Consumption and Visible Inequality
Ana Ferrer, Francisco M. Gonzalez, Iuliia Nesterova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17602
Gender and Top Lifetime Earnings Inequality: Ten New Facts from Brazil
Tomás R. Martinez, Antonio Martins-Neto, Ursula Mello
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17588
Couples' Remote Work Arrangements and Labor Supply
Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia, Victoria Vernon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17567
The Diverging Trends of Male and Female Bottom Earnings in Germany
Eliana Coschignano, Robin Jessen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17567
The Diverging Trends of Male and Female Bottom Earnings in Germany
Eliana Coschignano, Robin Jessen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17551
Means-Tested Transfers in the US: Facts and Parametric Estimates
Nezih Guner, Christopher Rauh, Gustavo Ventura
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17523
Immigration, Inequality and Income Taxes
Mirjam Bächli, Albrecht Glitz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17491
Unified Growth Theory: Engines of Growth and Inequality in the Wealth of Nations
Oded Galor
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17476
Heritability in the Labour Market: Evidence from Italian Twins
Sonia Brescianini, Lorenzo Cappellari, Daniele Checchi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17447
Scarce Workers, High Wages?
Erik-Benjamin Börschlein, Mario Bossler, Martin Popp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17439
An Unconsidered Leave? Inequality Aversion and the Brexit Referendum
Joan Costa-Font, Frank A. Cowell
published online in: European Journal of Political Economy, 102648, 30 January 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17439
An Unconsidered Leave? Inequality Aversion and the Brexit Referendum
Joan Costa-Font, Frank A. Cowell
published online in: European Journal of Political Economy, 102648, 30 January 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17439
An Unconsidered Leave? Inequality Aversion and the Brexit Referendum
Joan Costa-Font, Frank A. Cowell
published online in: European Journal of Political Economy, 102648, 30 January 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17389
Evidence from the Dead: New Estimates of Wealth Inequality Using the Distribution of Estates
Facundo Alvaredo, Yonatan Berman, Salvatore Morelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17379
Child Penalties in Labour Market Skills
Jonas Jessen, Lavinia Kinne, Michele Battisti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17373
Capital Taxation, Retained Earnings and Inequality: Evidence from Dividend Tax Reforms
Yonatan Berman, Esteban F. Klor
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17324
Wealth Creators or Inheritors? Unpacking the Gender Wealth Gap from Bottom to Top and Young to Old
Charlotte Bartels, Eva Sierminska, Carsten Schröder
published in: Economics Letters, 2025, 246, 111997
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17323
Monopsony Power and Poverty: The Consequences of Walmart Supercenter Openings
Lukas Lehner, Zachary Parolin, Clemente Pignatti, Rafael Pintro Schmitt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17259
The Contribution of Employer Changes to Aggregate Wage Mobility
Nils Torben Hollandt, Steffen Müller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17259
The Contribution of Employer Changes to Aggregate Wage Mobility
Nils Torben Hollandt, Steffen Müller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17257
The Distribution of Social Capital across Individuals and its Relationship to Income
Kevin Corinth, Thomas O’Rourke, Scott Winship
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17244
Unintended Consequences of Welfare Cuts on Children and Adolescents
Christian Dustmann, Rasmus Landersø, Lars Højsgaard Andersen
revised version forthcoming in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17243
CEO Pay Disclosure and Within-Firm Wage Inequality
Agata Maida, Vincenzo Pezone
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17230
Land Access and Poverty among Agricultural Households in Nigeria
John Chiwuzulum Odozi, Ruth Uwaifo Oyelere
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17207
Job Mobility and Assortative Matching
Luisa Braunschweig, Wolfgang Dauth, Duncan H.W. Roth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17203
Inherited Inequality: A General Framework and a 'Beyond-Averages' Application to South Africa
Paolo Brunori, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Pedro Salas-Rojo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17202
Inequality of Opportunity and Intergenerational Persistence in Latin America
Paolo Brunori, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Guido Neidhöfer
published in: Oxford Open Economics, 2025, 4 (S1), i167–i199,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17201
Inequality Bands: Seventy-Five Years of Measuring Income Inequality in Latin America
Facundo Alvaredo, Francois Bourguignon, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Nora Lustig
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17196
The Effect of Export Market Access on Labor Market Power: Firm-Level Evidence from Vietnam
Trang Hoang, Devashish Mitra, Hoang Pham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17188
Specific Egalitarianism? Inequality Aversion across Domains
Joan Costa-Font, Frank A. Cowell
forthcoming in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17188
Specific Egalitarianism? Inequality Aversion across Domains
Joan Costa-Font, Frank A. Cowell
forthcoming in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17188
Specific Egalitarianism? Inequality Aversion across Domains
Joan Costa-Font, Frank A. Cowell
forthcoming in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17188
Specific Egalitarianism? Inequality Aversion across Domains
Joan Costa-Font, Frank A. Cowell
forthcoming in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17180
The Meritocratic Illusion: Inequality and the Cognitive Basis of Redistribution
Arthur Blouin, Anandi Mani, Sharun Mukand, Daniel Sgroi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17167
What Is Wrong with Ability-Tracking?
Hartmut Esser
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17155
Inequality of Opportunity and Income Redistribution
Marcel Preuss, Germán Reyes, Jason Somerville, Joy Wu
forthcoming in: Journal of Political Economy Microeconomics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17135
Can the Teaching Style Reduce Inequality in the Classroom? Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment
Lei Xu, Massimiliano Tani, Yu Zhu
published in: British Educational Research Journal, 2024, 50 (6), 2849 - 2874
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17126
The Labor Market Effects of Drug-Related Violence in a Transit Country
Andres Ham Gonzalez, Juanita Ruiz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17125
The Role of Flexible Wage Components in Gender Wage Difference
István Boza, Balázs Reizer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17123
Beyond Borders: Do Gender Norms and Institutions Affect Female Businesses?
Holger Görg, Ina C. Jäkel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17115
The #Metoo Movement and Judges' Gender Gap in Decisions
Xiqian Cai, Shuai Chen, Zhengquan Cheng
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17087
Do Beliefs in the Model Minority Stereotype Reduce Attention to Inequality That Adversely Affects Asian Americans?
Shuai Chen, Nattavudh Powdthavee, Juliane V. Wiese
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17065
The Gender Disclosure Gap: Salary History Bans Unravel When Men Volunteer Their Income
Bo Cowgill, Amanda Agan, Laura Katherine Gee
published in: Organization Science, 2024, 35 (5), 1571–1588
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17002
The Merger of Populations as a Revision of Comparison Space: Repercussions for Social Stress and Income Inequality
Oded Stark, Wiktor Budzinski
published in: Economics Letters, 2024, 237, 111585
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16994
School Equalization in the Shadow of Jim Crow: Causes and Consequences of Resource Disparity in Mississippi Circa 1940
David Card, Leah Clark, Ciprian Domnisoru, Lowell J. Taylor
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16989
Dictatorship, Higher Education, and Social Mobility
María Angélica Bautista, Felipe González, Luis R. Martinez, Pablo Muñoz, Mounu Prem
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16949
Sick of Your Poor Neighborhood? Quasi-Experimental Evidence on Neighborhood Effects on Health
Linea Hasager, Mia Jørgensen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16944
Algorithmic Bias and Racial Inequality: A Critical Review
Maximilian Kasy
published in: Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2024, 40 (3), 530–546
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16938
Meritocracy across Countries
Oriana Bandiera, Ananya Kotia, Ilse Lindenlaub, Christian Moser, Andrea Prat
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16915
Application Barriers and the Socioeconomic Gap in Child Care Enrollment
Henning Hermes, Philipp Lergetporer, Frauke Peter, Simon Wiederhold
published online in: Journal of the European Economic Association, jvae054, 20 November 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16907
Well-Being throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: Gendered Effects of Daycare and School Closures
Mathias Huebener, Sevrin Waights, C. Katharina Spieß
published in: K. Couch (ed.), Handbook of Inequality and COVID-19, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2025, 183 - 197
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16905
Gini Who? The Relationship between Inequality Perceptions and Life Satisfaction
Daniele Marchesi, Milena Nikolova, Viola Angelini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16898
Bad Times, Bad Jobs? How Recessions Affect Early Career Trajectories
Parag Mahajan, Dhiren Patki, Heiko Stüber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16896
The Gender Division of Work across Countries
Charles Gottlieb, Cheryl Doss, Douglas Gollin, Markus Poschke
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16874
Declining Earnings Inequality, Rising Income Inequality: What Explains Discordant Inequality Trends in the United States?
Lukas Lehner, Zachary Parolin, Nathan Wilmers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16874
Declining Earnings Inequality, Rising Income Inequality: What Explains Discordant Inequality Trends in the United States?
Lukas Lehner, Zachary Parolin, Nathan Wilmers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16865
The Missing Type: Where Are the Inequality Averse (Students)?
Thomas Epper, Julien Senn, Ernst Fehr
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16856
A Note on Sen's Representation of the Gini Coefficient: Revision and Repercussions
Oded Stark
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2024, 22, 1061–1067
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16841
What Mattered Most in the Brexit Vote? Evidence from Detailed Regression and Decomposition Analysis
Stephen Drinkwater, David H. Blackaby, Catherine Robinson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16820
The Gendered Nature of the Cost-of-Living Crisis in Europe
Denisa Maria Sologon, Karina Doorley, Cathal O'Donoghue, Eugenio Peluso
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16795
Fiscal Incidence on the Island: Grenada's Fiscal System and Its Incidence
Gustavo J. Canavire Bacarreza, Guillermo Gómez Aliaga, Chevanne Britton, Fernando Rios-Avila, Wilson Jimenez Pozo, Silvia Granados Ibarra, Ran Li
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16785
Parental Investments and Socio-Economic Gradients in Learning across European Countries
Pedro Carneiro, Hugo Reis, Alessandro Toppeta
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16780
Socioeconomic Inequality in Life Expectancy: Perception and Policy Demand
Lasse J. Jessen, Sebastian Koehne, Patrick Nüß, Jens Ruhose
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16764
Childhood Circumstances and Health of American and Chinese Older Adults: A Machine Learning Evaluation of Inequality of Opportunity in Health
Shutong Huo, Derek Feng, Thomas M. Gill, Xi Chen
published in: China CDC Weekly, 2024, 6 (11), 213-218
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16759
Does Information about Inequality and Discrimination in Early Child Care Affect Policy Preferences?
Henning Hermes, Philipp Lergetporer, Fabian Mierisch, Guido Schwerdt, Simon Wiederhold
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2024, 228, 106780, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16742
The Economic Impact of Heritable Physical Traits: Hot Parents, Rich Kid?
Daniel S. Hamermesh, Anwen Zhang
published as 'Human beauty illustrates the economic impact of heritable physical traits' in: PNAS, 2025, 122 (6), e24184241
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16735
Social Security and Inequality in Belgium
Giulia Klinges, Alain Jousten, Mathieu Lefèbvre
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16723
Factor Shares, Redistribution and Growth in a Captured Democracy
Andrea Vindigni
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16719
Convergence of Inequality Dimensions in China: Income, Consumption, and Wealth from 1988 to 2018
Haiyuan Wan, Björn Anders Gustafsson, Yingfei Wang
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2024, 70 (4), 1089-1115
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16699
The Mismeasurement of Work Time: Implications for Wage Discrimination and Inequality
George J. Borjas, Daniel S. Hamermesh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16693
The Role of Industries in Rising Inequality
Juraj Briskar, Edoardo di Porto, José V. Rodriguez Mora, Cristina Tealdi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16669
Motherhood and the Cost of Job Search
Arnaud Philippe, Daphné Skandalis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16666
Measuring Income Inequality in Social Networks
Oded Stark, Jakub Bielawski, Fryderyk Falniowski
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2024, 22 (2), 333–356
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16666
Measuring Income Inequality in Social Networks
Oded Stark, Jakub Bielawski, Fryderyk Falniowski
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2024, 22 (2), 333–356
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16663
Non-Wage Job Values and Implications for Inequality
Tobias Lehmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16629
Health Inequality and Health Insurance Coverage: The United States and China Compared
Joan Costa-Font, Frank A. Cowell, Xuezhu Shi
published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2024, 52, 101346
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