The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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144 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18225
Beliefs about Bots: How Employers Plan for AI in White-Collar Work
Eduard Brüll, Samuel Mäurer, Davud Rostam-Afschar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18143
AI Business Applications Training and Business Outcomes: An Inclusive Intervention for Underrepresented Entrepreneurs
Nick Drydakis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18136
Sailing Through Troubled Waters: Evidence from Support Discontinuities to Firms in Times of Crisis
Ana Martins, João Pereira dos Santos, Fernando Pozzobon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18131
Walking the Talk? Bank Climate Commitments and Green Lending in Emerging Markets
Mariana Bernad, Ralph De Haas, Juan Pablo Rud
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17983
The Asymmetric Incidence of Business Taxes: Survey Evidence from German Firms
Richard Winter, Philipp Doerrenberg, Fabian Eble, Davud Rostam-Afschar, Johannes Voget
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17901
From Ethnic Prejudice to Employment Discrimination: The Role of Small Firms as Mediators
Gabor Kertesi, János Köllő, Róbert Károlyi, Lajos Tamás Szabó
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17887
How Organized Is the Informal Sector? The Role of Business Associations in Microenterprises in West Africa
Clement Joubert, Kathleen Beegle
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17778
On the Role of Legislation as a Driver of Incentive Management Practices in Europe
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17704
Why Firms Lay Off Workers Instead of Cutting Wages: Evidence from Linked Survey-Administrative Data
Antoine Bertheau, Marianna Kudlyak, Birthe Larsen, Morten Bennedsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17672
Long-Term and Lasting Impacts of Personal Initiative Training on Entrepreneurial Success
Francisco Campos, Michael Frese, Leonardo Iacovone, Hillary C. Johnson, David McKenzie, Mona Mensmann
forthcoming in: American Economic Review: Insights
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17630
The Gendered Impact of Social Norms on Financial Access and Capital Misallocation
Arti Grover, Mariana Viollaz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17622
Housing Subsidies for Refugees: Experimental Evidence on Life Outcomes and Social Integration in Jordan
Abdulrazzak Tamim, Emma Smith, I. Bailey Palmer, Edward Miguel, Ekaterina Oparina, Sandra V. Rozo, Sarah Stillman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17582
How Credit Constrained Are Family-Owned SMEs in Arab Countries?
Grakolet Gourene, Zuzana Brixiova Schwidrowski, Jiří Balcar, Lenka Johnson Filipova
published in: Emerging Markets Review, 2025, 65, 101249
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17571
Temporal Focus and Entrepreneurial Orientation of Solo Self-Employed Workers
Jinia Mukerjee, Roy Thurik, Ingrid Verheul
forthcoming in: International Review of Entrepreneurship, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17517
Financing, Ownership, and Performance: A Novel, Longitudinal Firm-Level Database
J. David Brown, Steven J. Davis, Lucia Foster, John C. Haltiwanger, John Sabelhaus
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17453
Are Firms Willing to Pay Lower Wages? A Quasi-Experiment on Subminimum Wage Policy
Petri Böckerman, Toni Juuti, Tuomas Kosonen, Henri Keränen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17428
Liberalisation, Concentration and Diversification: Business Groups in India, 2000-2020
Simon Commander, Saul Estrin, Naveen Thomas, Varun Lingineni
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17426
Who Gets to Stay? How Mass Layoffs Reshape Firms' Skills Structure
David N. Margolis, Jaime Montana
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17424
Firm Human Resource Practices and Educational Mismatch
Gabriella Berloffa, Daniela Piazzalunga, Fabio Pieri
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17329
The New Wave? The Role of Human Capital and STEM Skills in Technology Adoption in the UK
Mirko Draca, Max Nathan, Viet Nguyen-Tien, Juliana Oliveira-Cunha, Anna Rosso, Anna Valero
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17039
Coarse Wage-Setting and Behavioral Firms
Germán Reyes
published online in: Review of Economics and Statistics, June 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17026
R&D Decisions and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Switzerland and the Netherlands
Sabien Dobbelaere, Michael D. König, Andrin Spescha, Martin Wörter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16906
Did COVID-19 (Permanently) Raise the Demand for "Teleworkable" Jobs?
Massimiliano Bratti, I. Brunetti, A. Corvasce, Agata Maida, Andrea Ricci
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16854
Trend in Energy Intensity and Carbon Performance in North Africa
Grakolet Gourene, Samia Mansour Hamouda, Zuzana Brixiova Schwidrowski
published in: M. Arouri and M. Gomes (eds.), Handbook on Energy and Economic Growth, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16770
Propagation of Immigration Shocks through Firm-to-Firm Trade Networks
Yusuf Emre Akgündüz, Abdurrahman B. Aydemir, Seyit Mümin Cilasun, Murat Güray Kirdar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16697
How Do Firms Respond to Unions?
Samuel Dodini, Anna Stansbury, Alexander Willén
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16576
Demand for Personality Traits, Tasks, and Sorting
Vera Brenčič, Andrew McGee
published in: Elsner, B. and Polachek, S.W. (eds.), Big Data Applications in Labor Economics, Part A (Research in Labor Economics, 52A), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, 2024, 161-211
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16542
No Longer Qualified? Changes in the Supply and Demand for Skills within Occupations
Alicia Sasser Modestino, Mary A. Burke, Shahriar Sadighi, Rachel Sederberg, Tomere Stern, Bledi Taska
This version: February 2025.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16334
Information and the Formation of Inflation Expectations by Firms: Evidence from a Survey of Israeli Firms
Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Rafi Melnick, Ari Kutai
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16333
Outside Options and Worker Motivation
Alexander Ahammer, Matthias Fahn, Flora Stiftinger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16302
C-Sections, Obesity, and Health-Care Specialization: Evidence from Mexico
Catalina Herrera-Almanza, Fernanda Marquez-Padilla, Silvia Prina
published in: World Bank Economic Review, 2024, 38 (1), 139 - 160
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16261
When Are Employers Interested in Electronic Performance Monitoring? Results from a Factorial Survey Experiment
Luisa Wieser, Martin Abraham, Claus Schnabel, Cornelia Niessen, Mauren Wolff
slightly revised version published as 'Employers’ Muted Interest in Electronic Performance Monitoring (EPM)' in: S. Pfeiffer et al. (eds.), Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelten, SpringerNature. Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2024, 181-202
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16131
How Do Political Connections of Firms Matter during an Economic Crisis?
Yutong Chen, Gaurav Chiplunkar, Sheetal Sekhri, Anirban Sen, Aaditeshwar Seth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16122
Labour Costs and the Decision to Hire the First Employee
Bart Cockx, Sam Desiere
published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 170, 104859
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16083
Employers' Demand for Personality Traits
Vera Brenčič, Andrew McGee
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16062
The Pandemic Push: Digital Technologies and Workforce Adjustments
Christina Gathmann, Christian Kagerl, Laura Pohlan, Duncan H.W. Roth
revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 89, 102541
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16011
Trade Liberalization, Economic Activity, and Political Violence in the Global South: Evidence from PTAs
Francesco Amodio, Leonardo Baccini, Giorgio Chiovelli, Michele Di Maio
published in: Economic Policy, 2024, 39 (118), 275–322
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15903
Globalization and Firm Performance
Luis A. V. Catão, Pedro de Faria, António Martins, Miguel Portela
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15779
Investment Grants and Firms' Productivity: How Effective Is a Grant Booster Shot?
Fernando Alexandre, Miguel Chaves, Miguel Portela
published in: Small Business Economics, 2025, 64, 1601–1641
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15762
Creative Disruption: Technology Innovation, Labour Demand and the Pandemic
Erling Barth, Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
forthcoming in: Economica
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15716
Revenue Drift, Incentives, and Effort Allocation in Social Enterprises
Theodor Vladasel, Simon C. Parker, Randolph Sloof, Mirjam C. van Praag
published in: Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 2024, 33 (3), 630 - 651
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15668
Investment Tax Credits and the Response of Firms
Adrian Lerche
published in: American Economic Review, 2025, 115 (8), 2781–2818
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15667
The Effect of Low-Skill Immigration Restrictions on US Firms and Workers: Evidence from a Randomized Lottery
Michael A. Clemens, Ethan Gatewood Lewis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15543
Nautical Patrol and Illegal Fishing Practices
Stephen Kastoryano, Ben Vollaard
published in: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2023 122, 102881.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15540
Working from Home Around the World
Cevat Giray Aksoy, José María Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Mathias Dolls, Pablo Zarate
published in: Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Fall 2022, 281–330
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15529
Dynamics of First-Time Patenting Firms
Øivind Anti Nilsen, Arvid Raknerud
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15440
Finance, Informal Competition, and Expectations: A Firm-Level Analysis
Emanuele Brancati, Michele Di Maio, Aminur Rahman
published in: World Development, 2024, 173, 106408
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15392
How Do Insurers Price Medical Malpractice Insurance?
Bernard Black, Jeffrey Traczynski, Victoria Udalova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15385
The Shift to Remote Work Lessens Wage-Growth Pressures
José María Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Brent Meyer, Emil Mihaylov
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15361
Can the Labor Demand Curve Explain Job Polarization?
Andreas Peichl, Martin Popp
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