The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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125 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17329
The New Wave? The Role of Human Capital and STEM Skills in Technology Adoption in the UK
Mirko Draca, Max Nathan, Viet Nguyen-Tien, Juliana Oliveira-Cunha, Anna Rosso, Anna Valero
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17039
Coarse Wage-Setting and Behavioral Firms
Germán Reyes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17026
R&D Decisions and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Switzerland and the Netherlands
Sabien Dobbelaere, Michael D. König, Andrin Spescha, Martin Wörter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16906
Did COVID-19 (Permanently) Raise the Demand for "Teleworkable" Jobs?
Massimiliano Bratti, I. Brunetti, A. Corvasce, Agata Maida, Andrea Ricci
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16854
Trend in Energy Intensity and Carbon Performance in North Africa
Grakolet Gourene, Samia Mansour Hamouda, Zuzana Brixiova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16770
Propagation of Immigration Shocks through Firm-to-Firm Trade Networks
Yusuf Emre Akgündüz, Abdurrahman B. Aydemir, Seyit Mümin Cilasun, Murat Güray Kirdar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16697
How Do Firms Respond to Unions?
Samuel Dodini, Anna Stansbury, Alexander Willén
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16576
Demand for Personality Traits, Tasks, and Sorting
Vera Brenčič, Andrew McGee
forthcoming in: Research in Labor Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16542
No Longer Qualified? Changes in the Supply and Demand for Skills within Occupations
Alicia Sasser Modestino, Mary A. Burke, Shahriar Sadighi, Rachel Sederberg, Tomere Stern, Bledi Taska
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16334
Information and the Formation of Inflation Expectations by Firms: Evidence from a Survey of Israeli Firms
Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Rafi Melnick, Ari Kutai
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16333
Outside Options and Worker Motivation
Alexander Ahammer, Matthias Fahn, Flora Stiftinger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16302
C-Sections, Obesity, and Health-Care Specialization: Evidence from Mexico
Catalina Herrera-Almanza, Fernanda Marquez-Padilla, Silvia Prina
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16261
When Are Employers Interested in Electronic Performance Monitoring? Results from a Factorial Survey Experiment
Luisa Wieser, Martin Abraham, Claus Schnabel, Cornelia Niessen, Mauren Wolff
slightly revised version published as "Employers’ Muted Interest in Electronic Performance Monitoring (EPM)" in: S. Pfeiffer et al. (eds.), Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelten, SpringerNature. Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2024, pp. 181-202
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16131
How Do Political Connections of Firms Matter during an Economic Crisis?
Yutong Chen, Gaurav Chiplunkar, Sheetal Sekhri, Anirban Sen, Aaditeshwar Seth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16122
Labour Costs and the Decision to Hire the First Employee
Bart Cockx, Sam Desiere
published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 170, 104859
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16083
Employers' Demand for Personality Traits
Vera Brenčič, Andrew McGee
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16062
The Pandemic Push: Digital Technologies and Workforce Adjustments
Christina Gathmann, Christian Kagerl, Laura Pohlan, Duncan H.W. Roth
revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 89, 102541
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16011
Trade Liberalization, Economic Activity, and Political Violence in the Global South: Evidence from PTAs
Francesco Amodio, Leonardo Baccini, Giorgio Chiovelli, Michele Di Maio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15903
Globalization and Firm Performance
Luis A. V. Catão, Pedro de Faria, António Martins, Miguel Portela
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15779
Investment Grants and Firms' Productivity: How Effective Is a Grant Booster Shot?
Fernando Alexandre, Miguel Chaves, Miguel Portela
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15762
Creative Disruption: Technology Innovation, Labour Demand and the Pandemic
Erling Barth, Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15716
Revenue Drift, Incentives, and Effort Allocation in Social Enterprises
Theodor Vladasel, Simon C. Parker, Randolph Sloof, Mirjam C. van Praag
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15668
Investment Tax Credits and the Response of Firms
Adrian Lerche
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15667
The Effect of Low-Skill Immigration Restrictions on US Firms and Workers: Evidence from a Randomized Lottery
Michael A. Clemens, Ethan Gatewood Lewis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15543
Nautical Patrol and Illegal Fishing Practices
Stephen Kastoryano, Ben Vollaard
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15540
Working from Home Around the World
Cevat Giray Aksoy, José María Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Mathias Dolls, Pablo Zarate
published in: Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Fall 2022, 281–330
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15529
Dynamics of First-Time Patenting Firms
Øivind Anti Nilsen, Arvid Raknerud
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15440
Finance, Informal Competition, and Expectations: A Firm-Level Analysis
Emanuele Brancati, Michele Di Maio, Aminur Rahman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15392
How Do Insurers Price Medical Malpractice Insurance?
Bernard Black, Jeffrey Traczynski, Victoria Udalova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15385
The Shift to Remote Work Lessens Wage-Growth Pressures
José María Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Brent Meyer, Emil Mihaylov
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15361
Can the Labor Demand Curve Explain Job Polarization?
Andreas Peichl, Martin Popp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15343
Corporate Training and Skill Gaps: Did COVID-19 Stem EU Convergence in Training Investments?
Konstantinos Pouliakas, Patricia Wruuck
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15264
Who Benefits from Firm Success? Heterogenous Rent Sharing in New Zealand
Corey Allan, David C. Maré
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15043
Managers' Risk Preferences and Firm Training Investments
Marco Caliendo, Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Harald Pfeifer, Arne Uhlendorff, Caroline Wehner
published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 161, 104616
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15020
Would Broadening the UI Tax Base Help Low-Income Workers?
Mark Duggan, Audrey Guo, Andrew C. Johnston
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15014
Firm Pay Dynamics
Niklas Engbom, Christian Moser, Jan Sauermann
published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2023, 233 (1), 396 - 423
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14892
Short-Term Impacts of Targeted Cash Grants and Business Development Services: Experimental Evidence from Entrepreneurs in Burkina Faso
Michael Grimm, Sidiki Soubeiga, Michael Weber
published as 'Supporting small firms in a fragile context: Comparing matching and cash grants in Burkina Faso' in: Journal of Development Economics, 2024, 171.103344.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14889
R&D Plans, Expectations, and Uncertainty: Evidence from the COVID-19 Shock in Italy
Emanuele Brancati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14839
Formalized Employee Search and Labor Demand
Lukas Hensel, Tsegay Tekleselassie, Marc J. Witte
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14803
The Market for CEOs: Building Legacy and Feeling Empowered Matter
Arnaud Dupuy, John Kennes, Ran Sun Lyng
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14764
Do Workers Share in Firm Success? Pass-through Estimates for New Zealand
Corey Allan, David C. Maré
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14705
Project Aid and Firm Performance
Silvia Marchesi, Tania Masi, Saumik Paul
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14683
Who Benefits from Tax Incentives? The Heterogeneous Wage Incidence of a Tax Credit
Clément Carbonnier, Clément Malgouyres, Loriane Py, Camille Urvoy
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2022, 206, 104577
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14474
Does Compliance with Financial Fair Play Rules Improve the Football Clubs' Sport Performance and Their Chances to Reach UEFA Competitions?
Pedro Garcia-del-Barrio, Pablo Agnese
published as 'To comply or not to comply? How a UEFA wage-to-revenue requirement might affect the sport and managerial performance of soccer clubs' in: Managerial and Decision Economics, 2023, 44 (2), 767 - 786
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14383
Signals from On High and the Power of Growth Mindset: A Natural Field Experiment in Attracting Minorities to High-Profile Positions
Jeffrey A. Flory, Andreas Leibbrandt, Christina Rott, Olga B. Stoddard
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14131
Passthrough of Firm Performance to Income and Employment Stability
Jonas Maibom, Rune Majlund Vejlin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13909
Organised Labour, Labour Market Imperfections, and Employer Wage Premia
Sabien Dobbelaere, Boris Hirsch, Steffen Müller, Georg Neuschaeffer
substantially revised version published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2024, 77 (3), 396 - 427
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13898
Workplace Incentives and Organizational Learning
Francesco Amodio, Miguel A. Martinez-Carrasco
published in: Journal of Labor Economics 2023, 41 (2), 453-478
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13773
Why Are Africa's Female Entrepreneurs Not Playing the Export Game? Evidence from Ghana
Charles G. Ackah, Holger Görg, Aoife Hanley, Cecília Hornok
published as 'Africa’s Businesswomen – Underfunded or Underperforming?' in: Small Business Economics, 2024, 62 (3), 1051-1074
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13708
Access to Finance among Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Job Creation in Africa
Zuzana Brixiova, Thierry Kangoye, Urbain Thierry Yogo
published in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2020, 55, 177 - 189
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13645
Uncertainty and Firms' Labour Decisions. Evidence from European Countries
Alberto Urtasun, Marta Martínez Matute
published in: Journal of Applied Economics, 2022, 25 (1), 220 - 241
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13568
Demand or Supply? Price Adjustment during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Almut Balleer, Sebastian Link, Manuel Menkhoff, Peter Zorn
published as 'Demand or Supply? Price Adjustment Heterogeneity during the Covid-19 Pandemic' in: International Journal of Central Banking, 2024, 20 (1), 93-158, 2024.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13486
Assessing the Role of Women in Tourism Related Sectors in the Caribbean
Francesco Pastore, Allan Webster, Kevin Hope
published in: International Journal of Tourism Research, 2021, 23 (3), 378-400
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13457
Sudden Stop: When Did Firms Anticipate the Potential Consequences of COVID-19?
Lukas Buchheim, Carla Krolage, Sebastian Link
published in: German Economic Review, 2022, 23 (1), 79-119
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13419
A Firm Scientific Community: Industry Participation and Knowledge Diffusion
Stefano Baruffaldi, Felix Poege
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13410
The Effects of EU-Funded Enterprise Grants on Firms and Workers
Balázs Muraközy, Álmos Telegdy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13330
The Finance of Unemployment Compensation and its Consequence for the Labor Market
Audrey Guo, Andrew C. Johnston
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13285
Management Practices, Worker Commitment, and Workplace Representation
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13253
Firm-level Expectations and Behavior in Response to the COVID-19 Crisis
Lukas Buchheim, Jonas Dovern, Carla Krolage, Sebastian Link
published as 'Sentiment and Firm Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic' in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2022, 195, 185 - 198
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13117
Unemployment-Insurance Taxes and Labor Demand: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Administrative Data
Andrew C. Johnston
published in: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2021, 13 (1), 266 - 293
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13072
Induced Innovation: Evidence from China's Secondary Industry
Belton M. Fleisher, William H. McGuire, Xiaojun Wang, Min Qiang Zhao
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13017
Technical Progress and Induced Innovation in China: A Variable Profit Function Approach
Gary Wong, Belton M. Fleisher, Min Qiang Zhao, William H. McGuire
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12970
Do Financial Constraints Affect the Composition of Workers in a Firm?
Robert Breunig, Diana Hourani, Sasan Bakhtiari, Elisabetta Magnani
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12936
Financial Constraints and Small and Medium Enterprises: A Review
Sasan Bakhtiari, Robert Breunig, Elisabetta Magnani, Yinjunjie (Jacquelyn) Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12840
Inputs, Incentives, and Self-Selection at the Workplace
Francesco Amodio, Miguel A. Martinez-Carrasco
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12793
Direct and Indirect Effects of Subsidized Dual Apprenticeships
Bruno Crépon, Patrick Premand
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12479
Open Labor Markets and Firms’ Substitution between Training Apprentices and Hiring Workers
Manuel Aepli, Andreas Kuhn
revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2021, 70, 101979
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12305
The Effect of Employment Protection on Firms' Worker Selection
Sebastian Butschek, Jan Sauermann
forthcoming in: Journal of Human Resources
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12214
Firms and Wage Inequality in Central and Eastern Europe
Iga Magda, Jan Gromadzki, Simone Moriconi
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2021, 49 (2), 499 - 552
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12159
Local Norms Describing the Role of the State and the Private Provision of Training
Andreas Kuhn, Jürg Schweri, Stefan C. Wolter
revised version published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2022, 75, 102226
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12036
Does "Network Closure" Beef up Import Premium?
Alessio Muscillo, Paolo Pin, Tiziano Razzolini, Francesco Serti
substantially revised version published in: Social Networks, 2023, 73, 89-103.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12007
Real Estate Prices and Corporate Investment: Theory and Evidence of Heterogeneous Effects across Firms
Denis Fougère, Rémy Lecat, Simon Ray
published in: Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2019, 51(6), 1503-1546
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11747
Employment Adjustments Following Rises and Reductions in Minimum Wages: New Insights from a Survey Experiment
Mario Bossler, Michael Oberfichtner, Claus Schnabel
published in: Labour, 2020, 34 (3), 323-346
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11668
Bribes vs. Taxes: Market Structure and Incentives
Francesco Amodio, Jieun Choi, Giacomo De Giorgi, Aminur Rahman
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics 2022, 50 (2), 435-453
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11662
High-Growth Entrepreneurship
J. David Brown, John S. Earle, Mee Jung Kim, Kyung Min Lee
forthcoming as 'Start-Ups, Job Creation, and Founder Characteristics' in: Industrial and Corporate Change
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11521
Using Social Connections and Financial Incentives to Solve Coordination Failure: A Quasi-Field Experiment in India's Manufacturing Sector
Farzana Afridi, Amrita Dhillon, Sherry Xin Li, Swati Sharma
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2020, 144, 102445
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11479
Organisational Accreditation and Worker Upskilling in Britain
Getinet Astatike Haile
(forthcoming in: Industrial Relations Journal, 2021)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11401
Resource Misallocation in European Firms: The Role of Constraints, Firm Characteristics and Managerial Decisions
Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Debora Revoltella, Jan Svejnar, Christoph T. Weiss
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11257
Heterogeneous Effects of Credit Constraints on SMEs' Employment: Evidence from the Great Recession
David Cornille, François Rycx, Ilan Tojerow
published as 'Heterogeneous Effects of Credit Constraints on SME's Employment: Evidence from the European Sovereign Debt Crisis' in : Journal of Financial Stability, 2019, 41, 1-13
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11253
Why Does Emissions Trading under the EU ETS Not Affect Firms' Competitiveness? Empirical Findings from the Literature
Eugénie Joltreau, Katrin Sommerfeld
published in: Climate Policy, 2019, 19 (4), 453-471
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10819
Security, Trade, and Political Violence
Francesco Amodio, Leonardo Baccini, Michele Di Maio
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2021, 19 (1), 1-37
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10749
Wages, Innovation, and Employment in China
Belton M. Fleisher, William H. McGuire, Xiaojun Wang, Min Qiang Zhao
revised version
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10418
Is There a Preferential Treatment for Locals in the Labor Market? Evidence from Takeovers
Tommaso Colussi, Livio Romano
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10292
Technical Efficiency, Unions and Decentralized Labor Contracts
Francesco Devicienti, Alessandro Manello, Davide Vannoni
published in: European Journal of Operational Research, 2017, 260 (3), 1129 - 1141
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10280
Does Crime Deter South Africans from Self-Employment?
Katharina Grabrucker, Michael Grimm
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2018, 46 (2), 413-435.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9850
Firms and Labor Market Inequality: Evidence and Some Theory
David Card, Ana Rute Cardoso, Jörg Heining, Patrick Kline
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2018, 36 (S1), S13-S70
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9537
Women at the Top in Developing Countries: Evidence from Firm-Level Data
Khalid Sekkat, Ariane Szafarz, Ilan Tojerow
published as 'Female corporate owners and female CEOs' in: Economics Letters, 2023, 232, 111285
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9391
The Japanese Labour Market during the Global Financial Crisis and the Role of Non-Standard Work: A Micro Perspective
Alexander Hijzen, Ryo Kambayashi, Hiroshi Teruyama, Yuji Genda
published in: Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 2015, 38, 260-281
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9323
Pacts for Employment and Competitiveness as a Role Model? Their Effects on Firm Performance
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Katalin Evers, Lutz Bellmann
revised version published as 'Contract Innovation in Germany: An Economic Evaluation of Pacts for Competitiveness' in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2017, 55(3), 500-526.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9294
The Role of Establishments and the Concentration of Occupations in Wage Inequality
Elizabeth Handwerker, James R. Spletzer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9285
The Complementary Use of Experiments and Field Data to Evaluate Management Practices: The Case of Subjective Performance Evaluations
Patrick Kampkötter, Dirk Sliwka
published in: Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 2016, 172 (2), 364-389
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9263
Resources on the Stage: A Firm Level Analysis of the ICT Adoption in Turkey
Derya Findik, Aysit Tansel
published in: B. Christiansen and M. Erdogdu (eds.), Comparative Economics and Regional Development in Turkey, 2015, 106 - 126.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9194
The Rise of Domestic Outsourcing and the Evolution of the German Wage Structure
Deborah Goldschmidt, Johannes F. Schmieder
pubished in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2017, 132 (3), 1165 -1217
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9097
The UK's Productivity Puzzle
Alex Bryson, John Forth
published in: Askenazy, P., Bellmann, L., Bryson, A. and Moreno-Galbis, E. (eds.) The Productivity Puzzle across Europe: Oxford University Press, 2016
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8818
Why Did Self-Employment Increase so Strongly in Germany?
Michael Fritsch, Alexander S. Kritikos, Alina Sorgner
published in: Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2015, 67 (2), 307-333
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8790
Innovation and SMEs Patent Propensity in Korea
Junghee Han, Almas Heshmati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8651
Do Entrepreneurs Really Earn Less?
Alina Sorgner, Michael Fritsch, Alexander S. Kritikos
revised version published in: Small Business Economics, 2017, 49 (2), 251–272
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8647
The Effect of Female Leadership on Establishment and Employee Outcomes: Evidence from Linked Employer-Employee Data
Stefano Gagliarducci, M. Daniele Paserman
published in: Research in Labor Economics, 2015, 41, 341-372
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8541
Earnings and Employment in Foreign-Owned Firms
David C. Maré, Lynda Sanderson, Richard Fabling
published in: In W. Cochrane, M. P. Cameron, & O. Alimi (Eds.), Labor markets, migration, and mobility: Essays in honor of Jacques Poot, Springer Nature, 2021, 1 - 40
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8463
Birthplace Diversity and Productivity Spill-overs in Firms
René Böheim, Thomas Horvath, Karin Mayr
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