IZA Discussion Papers | IZA@LISER Network

Henrekson, Magnus, and Dan Johansson (2025). “Neo–Schumpeterian Growth Theory: Missing Entrepreneurs Results in Incomplete Policy Advice”. Small Business Economics 65(1), 407–425. doi.org/10.1007/s11187-024-00994-0

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17548

Small Business Owners and Daily Recovery Experiences: The Link with Well-Being and Burnout

Mathieu Le Moal, Roy Thurik, Olivier Torrès, Guillaume Soenen

forthcoming in: Small Business Economics, 2026

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17516

Small Enterprises' Digital Competencies and Financial Performance

Nick Drydakis

published in: V. Aranitou, A. Angelakis, and M. Manioudis (eds), The Economic Impact of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Analytical Approaches to Growth and Innovation Challenges Amid Crises in Europe, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2025, 55–68

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17321

Business Disruptions Due to Social Vulnerability and Criminal Activities in Urban Areas

Nick Drydakis

published in: Journal of Criminal Justice, 2024, 95, 102293

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17281

Aggregate Implications of Barriers to Female Entrepreneurship

Gaurav Chiplunkar, Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17231

Entrepreneurs: Clueless, Biased, Poor Heuristics, or Bayesian Machines?

Thomas B. Astebro, Frank M. Fossen, Cédric Gutierrez

published in: A. Agrawal et al. (eds), Bayesian Entrepreneurship, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2026, https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/15918.003.0009.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17231

Entrepreneurs: Clueless, Biased, Poor Heuristics, or Bayesian Machines?

Thomas B. Astebro, Frank M. Fossen, Cédric Gutierrez

published in: A. Agrawal et al. (eds), Bayesian Entrepreneurship, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2026, https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/15918.003.0009.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17170

The Long Run Gender Origins of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Australia's Convict History

Sefa Awaworyi Churchill, Simon Chang, Russell Smyth, Trong-Anh Trinh

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17158

Entrepreneurship Is Dangerously Obsessed with Growth and Incompatible with Current Visions of a Post-growth Society

Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17075

The African Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Index: Conceptual, Methodological and Empirical Flaws and the Way Forward

Wim Naudé

published online in: Journal of Technology Transfer, 25 April 2025

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17055

Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship

Frank M. Fossen, Trevor McLemore, Alina Sorgner

published in: Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2024, 20 (8), 781-904

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17055

Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship

Frank M. Fossen, Trevor McLemore, Alina Sorgner

published in: Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2024, 20 (8), 781-904

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17055

Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship

Frank M. Fossen, Trevor McLemore, Alina Sorgner

published in: Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2024, 20 (8), 781-904

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17055

Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship

Frank M. Fossen, Trevor McLemore, Alina Sorgner

published in: Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2024, 20 (8), 781-904

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16950

What Works in Supporting Women-Led Businesses?

Diego Ubfal

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16930

Long-Term Effects of Shocks on New Opportunity and Necessity Entrepreneurship

Emilio Congregado, Frank M. Fossen, Nicola Rubino, David Troncoso

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16930

Long-Term Effects of Shocks on New Opportunity and Necessity Entrepreneurship

Emilio Congregado, Frank M. Fossen, Nicola Rubino, David Troncoso

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16916

Is the Scholarly Field of Entrepreneurship at Its End?

Wim Naudé

published as 'Business and entrepreneurship is declining as scholarly field: Empirical evidence' in: PLOS ONE, 2025, 20 (5), e0323297

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16683

Income Taxation and Hours Worked in Different Types of Entrepreneurship

Ege Can, Frank M. Fossen

revised version published in: B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, 2026, 26 (1), 245-297.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16679

Access to Digital Finance: Equity Crowdfunding across Countries and Platforms

Saul Estrin, Susanna Khavul, Alexander S. Kritikos, Jonas Löher

published in: PLoS ONE, 2024, 19 (1), e0293292.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16662

Capital Markets, Temporary Migration and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Bangladesh

Laurent Bossavie, Joseph-Simon Goerlach, Çağ lar Özden, He Wang

published in: World Development, 2024, 176, 106505

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16534

Are Senior Entrepreneurs Happier than Who? The Role of Income and Health

Michael Fritsch, Alina Sorgner, Michael Wyrwich

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16515

Are Immigrants Particularly Entrepreneurial? Policy Lessons from a Selective Immigration System

David A. Green, Huju Liu, Yuri Ostrovsky, Garnett Picot

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16489

Unintended Consequences of Youth Entrepreneurship Programs: Experimental Evidence from Rwanda

Moussa Blimpo, Todd Pugatch

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16487

Bottom-up Policies Trump Top-down Missions

Magnus Henrekson, Mikael Stenkula

published in: Magnus Henrekson, Christian Sandström, and Mikael Stenkula (eds.), Moonshots and the New Industrial Policy, Cham: Springer, 2024, 309–331

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16483

Destructive Digital Entrepreneurship

Wim Naudé

published in: W. Naudé and B. Power (eds.), Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship and Conflict, Elgar, 2024, 292–328

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16412

The Impacts of COVID-19 on Racial Inequality in Business Earnings

Robert W. Fairlie

published in: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2024, 43 (1), 258 - 288

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16408

Is Productive Entrepreneurship Getting Scarcer? A Reflection on the Contemporary Relevance of Baumol's Typology

Maria Minniti, Wim Naudé, Erik Stam

published in: W. Naudé and B. Power (eds.), Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship and Conflict, Elgar, 2024, 18 - 44

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16319

Air Pollution and Entrepreneurship

Liwen Guo, Zhiming Cheng, Massimiliano Tani, Sarah Cook, Jiaqi Zhao, Xi Chen

published in: China Economic Review, 2025, 89, 102327

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16201

COVID-19 and Entrepreneurship

Alina Sorgner

published in: Zimmermann, K.F. (ed.) Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. Springer, Cham., 2023.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16145

Prior Work Experience and Entrepreneurship: The Careers of Young Entrepreneurs

Nicolas Gendron-Carrier

forthcoming in: Journal of Labor Economics

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15946

State-Based Conflict and Entrepreneurship: Empirical Evidence

Wim Naudé, Ernesto Amorós, Tilman Brück

published in: W. Naudé and B. Power, Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship and Conflict, Edward Elgar, 2024, 106–140

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15903

Globalization and Firm Performance

Luis A. V. Catão, Pedro de Faria, António Martins, Miguel Portela

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15848

Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Performance of Start-Ups

Marco Caliendo, Alexander S. Kritikos, Daniel Rodriguez, Claudia Stier

published in: Small Business Economics, 2023, 61, 1027–1051

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15793

The Influence of Start-up Motivation on Entrepreneurial Performance

Marco Caliendo, Alexander S. Kritikos, Claudia Stier

published in: Small Business Economics, 2023, 61, 869-889.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15690

Microentrepreneurs' Gender Difference in Labor Demand

Oluwasheyi S. Oladipo, Hyoung Suk Shim

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15608

German Financial State Aid during COVID-19 Pandemic: Higher Impact among Digitalized Self-Employed

Irene Bertschek, Jörn Block, Alexander S. Kritikos, Caroline Stiel

published in: Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2024, 36 (1–2), 76–97

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15607

The Ossified Economy: The Case of Germany, 1870-2020

Wim Naudé, Paula Nagler

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15526

COVID-19 and Entrepreneurship Entry and Exit: Opportunity Amidst Adversity

Vladimir Otrachshenko, Olga Popova, Milena Nikolova, Elena Tyurina

published in: Technology in Society, 2022, 71, 102093

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15445

Were Small Businesses More Likely to Permanently Close in the Pandemic?

Robert W. Fairlie, Frank M. Fossen, Reid Johnsen, Gentian Droboniku

revised version published in: Small Business Economics, 2023, 60, 1613-1629

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15344

Hybrid (Solo)Self-Employment and Upskilling: Is Online Platform Work a Path Towards Entrepreneurship?

Konstantinos Pouliakas, Antonio Ranieri

published in: W. Conen and E. Reuter (eds.), Research Handbook on Self-employment and Public Policy, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15216

Are Entrepreneurs Aware of Covered Interest Parity and Dollar Shortage?

Farhad Nariman, Almas Heshmati

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15204

Improving Entrepreneurs' Digital Skills and Firms' Digital Competencies through Business Apps Training: A Study of Small Firms

Nick Drydakis

published in: Sustainability, 2022, 14 (8), 4417.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15064

Can Interactive Online Training Make High School Students More Entrepreneurial? Experimental Evidence from Rwanda

Jeanne Lafortune, Todd Pugatch, José Tessada, Diego Ubfal

published in: Economics of Education Review, 2024, 101, 102559

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15037

Caste, Courts and Business

Tanika Chakraborty, Anirban Mukherjee, Sarani Saha, Divya Shukla

published in: Elsevier Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2023, 212, 333-365

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14941

Too Cold to Venture There? January Temperature and Immigrant Self-Employment across the United States

Jun Yeong Lee, John V. Winters

published in: Economic Development Quarterly, 2024, 38 (4), 249-270.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14928

A Procedural Perspective on Academic Spin-off Creation: The Changing Relevance of Academic and Commercial Logics

Uwe Cantner, Philip Doerr, Maximilian Göthner, Matthias Huegel, Martin Kalthaus

published in: Small Business Economics, 2024, 62, 1555–1590

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14894

A Golden Opportunity: The Gold Rush, Entrepreneurship and Culture

Michael Stuetzer, Abel Brodeur, Martin Obschonka, David Audretsch, Peter J. Rentfrow, Jeff Potter, Samuel D. Gosling

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14891

The Cost of Health Insurance and Entry into Entrepreneurship

Frank M. Fossen, Mobarak Hossain, Sankar Mukhopadhyay, Peter Toth

revised version published in: Small Business Economics, 2025, 64, 383-405

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14655

Does Education Enhance Entrepreneurship?

Kunwon Ahn, John V. Winters

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14630

Economic Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses

Maksim Belitski, Christina Guenther, Alexander S. Kritikos, Roy Thurik

published in: Small Business Economics, 2022, 58 (2), 593-609

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14586

Energy Poverty and Entrepreneurship

Zhiming Cheng, Massimiliano Tani, Haining Wang

published in: Energy Economics, 2021, 102, 105469

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14458

Calling Baumol: What Telephones Can Tell Us about the Allocation of Entrepreneurial Talent in the Face of Radical Institutional Changes

Alina Sorgner, Michael Wyrwich

revised version published in: Journal of Business Venturing, 2022, 37(5), 106246

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14310

Does Higher Education Make You More Entrepreneurial? Causal Evidence from China

Bin Huang, Massimiliano Tani, Yu Zhu

published in: Journal of Business Research, 2021, 135, 543-558.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14216

Testing the Differential Impact of COVID-19 on Self-Employed Women and Men in the United Kingdom

Darja Reuschke, Andrew Henley, Elizabeth Daniel, Victoria Price

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14188

On Immigration and Native Entrepreneurship

Harriet Duleep, David A. Jaeger, Peter McHenry

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14169

Competitiveness of Entrepreneurs and Salaried Workers

Loukas Balafoutas, Mongoljin Batsaikhan, Matthias Sutter

revised version published in: Management Science, 2024, 70 (5), 2900 - 2911

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14154

The Rise and Fall of German Innovation

Wim Naudé, Paula Nagler

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13951

Risk Preference and Entrepreneurial Investment at the Top of the Wealth Distribution

Frank M. Fossen, Johannes König, Carsten Schröder

revised version published in: Empirical Economics, 2024, 66, 735–761

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13897

Talking Business: New Evidence on How Language Shapes Economic Behaviour

Francesco Campo, Luca Nunziata, Lorenzo Rocco

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13875

Export-Led Growth after COVID-19: The Case of Portugal

Wim Naudé, Martin Cameron

published in: Notas Economicas, 2021, 52 (1), 7–53

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13854

Finance, Gender, and Entrepreneurship: India's Informal Sector Firms

Ira N. Gang, Rajesh Raj Natarajan, Kunal Sen

published in: Journal of Development Studies, 2022, 58 (7), 1383-1402

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13835

Extreme Events, Entrepreneurial Start-Ups, and Innovation: Theoretical Conjectures

Thomas Gries, Wim Naudé

published in: Economics of Disaster and Climate Change, 2021, 5, 329–353

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13773

Why Are Africa's Female Entrepreneurs Not Playing the Export Game? Evidence from Ghana

Charles G. Ackah, Holger Görg, Aoife Hanley, Cecília Hornok

published as 'Africa’s Businesswomen – Underfunded or Underperforming?' in: Small Business Economics, 2024, 62 (3), 1051-1074

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13708

Access to Finance among Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Job Creation in Africa

Zuzana Brixiova Schwidrowski, Thierry Kangoye, Urbain Thierry Yogo

published in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2020, 55, 177 - 189

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13707

The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Owners: The First Three Months after Social-Distancing Restrictions

Robert W. Fairlie

published in: Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 2020, 29 (4), 727 - 740

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13667

Digital Entrepreneurship Research: A Concise Introduction

Wim Naudé, Werner Liebregts

published as 'Digital Entrepreneurship' in: Liebregts, W., van den Heuvel, WJ., van den Born, A. (eds), Data Science for Entrepreneurship. Classroom Companion: Business. Springer, Cham, 2023, 279-303

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13634

Entrepreneurship Education and Teacher Training in Rwanda

Moussa Blimpo, Todd Pugatch

published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2021, 149, 102583

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13443

Initial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Employment and Hours of Self-Employed Coupled and Single Workers by Gender and Parental Status

Charlene M. Kalenkoski, Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia

published as 'Impacts of COVID-19 on the Self-employed' in: Small Business Economics, 2022, 58, 741–768

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13436

Entrepreneurial Recovery from COVID-19: Decentralization, Democratization, Demand, Distribution, and Demography

Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13414

The Effects of Non-Compete Agreements on Different Types of Self-Employment: Evidence from Massachusetts and Utah

Ege Can, Frank M. Fossen

revised version published as 'The Enforceability of Non-Compete Agreements and Different Types of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Utah and Massachusetts' in: Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 2022, 11 (2/3), 223-252

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13390

Does Emigration Drain Entrepreneurs?

Massimo Anelli, Gaetano Basso, Giuseppe Ippedico, Giovanni Peri

published as 'Emigration and Entrepreneurial Drain' in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2023, 15 (2), 218–252

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13373

Allocating Subsidies for Private Investments to Maximize Jobs Impacts

David A. Robalino, Jose M. Romero, Ian Walker

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13311

The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Owners: Evidence of Early-Stage Losses from the April 2020 Current Population Survey

Robert W. Fairlie

published as 'The impact of COVID-19 on small business owners: Evidence from the first three months after widespread social-distancing restrictions' in: Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 2020, 29 (4), 727-740

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13209

Entrepreneurship among Low-, Mid- and High-Income Workers in South America: A Fuzzy-Set Analysis

Jorge Velilla, José Alberto Molina, Raquel Ortega

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13187

The Perceived Well-Being and Health Costs of Exiting Self-Employment

Milena Nikolova, Boris Nikolaev, Olga Popova

published in: Small Business Economics, 2021, 57(4), 1819-1836

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13180

2D:4D and Self-Employment Using SOEP Data: A Replication Study

Frank M. Fossen, Levent Neyse, Magnus Johannesson, Anna Dreber Almenberg

revised version published in: Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2022, 46 (1), 21-43

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13173