The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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726 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17843
Place-Based Policies in Deprived Neighbourhoods: Opportunities for Preexisting Residents and Neighbourhood Revitalisation?
Anna Piil Damm, Ahmad Hassani, Jonas Søndergaard Sørensen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17776
Interethnic Proximity and Political Development
Chun Chee Kok, Gedeon Lim, Danial Shariat, Abu Siddique, Shunsuke Tsuda
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17752
Digital Roots or Digital Routes? Broadband Expansion and the Rural-Urban Migration in China
Shuang Ma, Ren Mu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17736
High-Skilled Migration from Myanmar: Responses to Signals of Political and Economic Stabilization
Yashodhan Ghorpade, Muhammad Saad Imtiaz, Theingie Han
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17735
From Conflict to Compromise: Experimental Evidence on Occupational Downgrading in Migration from Myanmar
Yashodhan Ghorpade, Muhammad Saad Imtiaz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17689
Guaranteed Employment in Rural India: Intra-Household Labor and Resource Allocation Consequences
Jorge Luis García
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17671
Forced Displacement, the Perpetuation of Autocratic Leadership, and Development in Origin Countries
Nicolás Cabra-Ruiz, Sandra V. Rozo, Maria Micaela Sviatschi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17643
Degrees of Deception: How Score Manipulation Mitigates Temperature's Impact on Student Performance
Rosario Maria Ballatore, Alessandro Palma, Daniela Vuri
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17572
Gravity Predictions of International Migration Flows
Jesús Fernández-Huertas Moraga, Gonzalo López Molina
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17469
Job Training, English Language Skills, and Employability: Evidence from an Experiment in Urban India
Prashant Loyalka, Dinsha Mistree, Robert W. Fairlie, Saurabh Khanna
forthcoming in: Economic Development and Cultural Change
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17424
Firm Human Resource Practices and Educational Mismatch
Gabriella Berloffa, Daniela Piazzalunga, Fabio Pieri
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17372
Shaken, Not Stunted? Global Evidence on Natural Disasters, Child Growth and Recovery
John Cruzatti C., Matthias Rieger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17270
Network Abroad and Culture: Global Individual-Level Evidence
Riccardo Turati
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2025, 38 (1), 1-42
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17202
Inequality of Opportunity and Intergenerational Persistence in Latin America
Paolo Brunori, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Guido Neidhöfer
published in: Oxford Open Economics, 2025, 4 (S1), i167–i199,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17199
Benefits and Costs of Brain and Ability Drain
Maurice Schiff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17196
The Effect of Export Market Access on Labor Market Power: Firm-Level Evidence from Vietnam
Trang Hoang, Devashish Mitra, Hoang Pham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17136
Imputing Poverty Indicators without Consumption Data: An Exploratory Analysis
Hai-Anh H Dang, Talip Kilic, Kseniya Abanokova, Calogero Carletto
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17133
Improving Parental Investments in Children: Experimental Evidence from The Gambia
Moussa Blimpo, Pedro Carneiro, Pamela Jervis Ortiz, Nathalie Lahire, Todd Pugatch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17105
ICT Skills and Labor Market Outcomes in India: Evidence from Cell Tower Expansion
Mehtabul Azam, M. Shahe Emran, Forhad Shilpi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17103
Gender Gaps across the Spectrum of Development: Local Talent and Firm Productivity
Nava Ashraf, Oriana Bandiera, Virginia Minni, Víctor Quintas-Martínez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17096
What Matters for the Decision to Study Abroad? A Lab-in-the-Field Experiment in Cape Verde
Catia Batista, David M Costa, Pedro Freitas, Gonçalo Lima, Ana B Reis
pubished in: Journal of Development Economics, 2025, 173, 103401
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17083
The Effects of Childhood Immunization Program on Health and Education: Micro-Evidence from India
Santosh Kumar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17036
Using Cross-Survey Imputation to Estimate Poverty for Venezuelan Refugees in Colombia
Ibrahima Sarr, Hai-Anh H Dang, Carlos Santiago Guzman Gutierrez, Theresa Beltramo, Paolo Verme
published in: Social Indicators Research 177 (1), 207-251
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16972
Artificial Intelligence and the Skill Premium
David E. Bloom, Klaus Prettner, Jamel Saadaoui, Mario Veruete
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16961
Forced Displacement, Mental Health, and Child Development: Evidence from the Rohingya Refugees
Asadul Islam, Tanvir Ahmed Mozumder, Tabassum Rahman, Tanvir Shatil, Abu Siddique
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16873
An Optimal Allocation of Asylum Seekers
Oded Stark, Grzegorz Kosiorowski
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2024, 220, 1 - 11
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16862
Hometown Conflict and Refugees' Integration Efforts
Cevat Giray Aksoy, Gaurav Khanna, Victoria Marino, Semih Tumen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16792
Using Survey-to-Survey Imputation to Fill Poverty Data Gaps at a Low Cost: Evidence from a Randomized Survey Experiment
Hai-Anh H Dang, Talip Kilic, Vladimir Hlasny, Kseniya Abanokova, Calogero Carletto
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16763
Hukou Status and Children's Education in China
Yue Sun, Liqiu Zhao, Zhong Zhao
published in: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2025, 73(2), 979-1021
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16750
Born under the Bad Sign: Intergenerational Effects of the Finnish Great Depression of the Early 1990s
Eiji Mangyo, Mika Haapanen, Petri Böckerman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16741
The Effects of Immigration in a Developing Country: Brazil in the Age of Mass Migration
David Escamilla-Guerrero, Andrea Papadia, Ariell Zimran
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16734
What Drives Attitudes toward Immigrants in Sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from Uganda and Senegal
Malte Becker, Finja Krüger, Tobias Heidland
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16668
Estimating Returns to Schooling and Experience: A History of Thought
Barry R. Chiswick
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16662
Capital Markets, Temporary Migration and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Bangladesh
Laurent Bossavie, Joseph-Simon Goerlach, Çağlar Özden, He Wang
published in: World Development, 2024, 176, 106505
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16547
Re-Assessing the Impacts of Exports on Local Labour Market Outcomes: A Supply Chain Perspective. Evidence from Egypt
Pablo Tillian, Deeksha Kokas, Carlos Góes, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16546
Exports to Improve Women's Economic Opportunities in Morocco
Jaime Alfonso Roche Rodriguez, Raymond Robertson, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Daniela Ruiz Zárate
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16544
Instrumenting the Effect of Terrorism on Education in Kenya
Marco Alfano, Joseph-Simon Goerlach
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16537
Job Training and Job Search Assistance Policies in Developing Countries
Eliana Carranza, David McKenzie
published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2024, 38 (1), 221–244
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16522
Jobseekers' Beliefs about Comparative Advantage and (Mis)Directed Search
Andrea Kiss, Robert Garlick, Kate Orkin, Lukas Hensel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521
The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms
Maria José Urbina, Andres Moya, Sandra V. Rozo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16497
The Within-Country Distribution of Brain Drain and Brain Gain Effects: A Case Study on Senegal
Philippe Bocquier, Narcisse Cha’Ngom, Frédéric Docquier, Joël Machado
published in: Journal of Demographic Economics, 2024, 90 (3), 384-411
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16494
Religion and Growth
Sascha O. Becker, Jared Rubin, Ludger Woessmann
published in: Journal of Economic Literature, 2024, 62 (3), 1094–1142
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16489
Unintended Consequences of Youth Entrepreneurship Programs: Experimental Evidence from Rwanda
Moussa Blimpo, Todd Pugatch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16466
Educational Assortative Mating and Harsh Parenting in Sub-Saharan Africa
Luca Maria Pesando, Elisabetta De Cao, Giulia La Mattina, Alberto Ciancio
published in: Social Science and Medicine, 2024, 351, 116954
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16449
Signaling Specific Skills and the Labor Market of College Graduates
Matias Busso, Sebastián Montaño, Juan S. Muñoz-Morales
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16392
Group Meetings and Boosters to Sustain Early Impacts on Child Development: Experimental Evidence from Kenya
Italo Lopez Garcia, Jill E. Luoto, Frances E. Aboud, Lia C.H. Fernald
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16390
Real Exchange Rates and the Earnings of Immigrants
Christian Dustmann, Hyejin Ku, Tetyana Surovtseva
published in: Economic Journal, 2024, 134 (657), 171 - 294
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16374
Persistence of the Spillover Effects of Violence and Educational Trajectories
María Padilla-Romo, Cecilia Peluffo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16353
Young Women in Cities
Yumi Koh, Jing Li, Yifan Wu, Junjian Yi, Hanzhe Zhang
published as 'Young women in cities:published as 'Young women in cities: Urbanization and gender-biased migration' in: Journal of Development Economics, 2025, 172, 103378
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16339
Why Is the Roy-Borjas Model Unable to Predict International Migrant Selection on Education? Evidence from Urban and Rural Mexico
Stefan Leopold, Jens Ruhose, Simon Wiederhold
published online in: World Economy, 05 November 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16325
Back to Work: The Unequal Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Ecuador's Labor Market
Sergio Olivieri, Francesc Ortega, Ana Rivadeneira
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16314
Is Self-Employment for Migrants? Evidence from Italy
Marianna Brunetti, Anzelika Zaiceva
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16296
Can Information and Alternatives to Irregular Migration Reduce "Backway" Migration from The Gambia?
Tijan L. Bah, Catia Batista, Flore Gubert, David McKenzie
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2023, 165, 103153.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16272
Diluted Blood Still Better than Water? The Beneficial Effects of Politicians' Birthplaces on Refugee Acceptance
Hai-Anh H Dang, Trong-Anh Trinh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16222
Selective Migration and Economic Development: A Generalized Approach
Narcisse Cha’Ngom, Christoph Deuster, Frédéric Docquier, Joël Machado
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16193
Entitled to Property: How Breaking the Gender Barrier Improves Child Health in India
Md Shahadath Hossain, Plamen Nikolov
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16171
Electoral Effects of Integrating Forced Migrants: Evidence from a Southern Country
Sandra V. Rozo, Alejandra Quintana, Maria José Urbina
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16170
More Benefits, Fewer Children: How Regularization Affects Immigrant Fertility
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Ana Maria Ibanez, Sandra V. Rozo, Salvador Traettino
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16136
Women's Transitions in the Labour Market as a Result of Childbearing: The Challenges of Formal Sector Employment in Indonesia
Lisa A. Cameron, Diana Contreras Suarez, Yi-Ping Tseng
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16135
Marriage Markets and the Rise of Dowry in India
Gaurav Chiplunkar, Jeffrey Weaver
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2023, 164, 103115
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16101
Is Mobile Money Changing Rural Africa? Evidence from a Field Experiment
Catia Batista, Pedro C. Vicente
published online in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 29 May 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16069
The Women Empowering Effect of Higher Education
Ahmed Elsayed, Alina Shirshikova
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2023, 163, 103101
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15944
The Impact of Computer-Assisted Instruction on Student Performance: Evidence from the Dual-Teacher Program
Haizheng Li, Zhiqiang Liu, Fanzheng Yang, Li Yu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15938
Intergenerational Persistence of Health: Evidence from India
Santosh Kumar, Bernard Nahlen
published in: Economics Letters, 2023, 224, ^p111023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15933
The Decision to Emigrate in Six MENA Countries: The Role of Post-Revolutionary Stress
Ali Fakih, Malak El Baba
published in: International Migration, 2023, 61 (4), 201-220
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15873
Poverty Imputation in Contexts without Consumption Data: A Revisit with Further Refinements
Hai-Anh H Dang, Talip Kilic, Kseniya Abanokova, Calogero Carletto
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2025, 71 (1), e12714
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15854
Inequality and Risk Preference
Harry Pickard, Thomas Dohmen, Bert van Landeghem
[This version: February 2024] published in: Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 2024, 69, 191 - 217
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15837
Evolution of Inequality in Nigeria: A Tale of Falling Inequality, Rising Poverty and Regional Heterogeneity
John Chiwuzulum Odozi, Ruth Uwaifo Oyelere
published in: Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy, 2023, 6 (4), 297-309.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15827
Measuring Poverty Dynamics with Synthetic Panels Based on Repeated Cross-Sections
Hai-Anh H Dang, Peter F. Lanjouw
published in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2023, 85 (3), 599-622.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15826
Information Frictions, Belief Updating and Internal Migration: Evidence from Ghana and Uganda
Sarah Frohnweiler, Bernd Beber, Cara Ebert
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2024, 171, 103311
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15819
Child Growth and Refugee Status: Evidence from Syrian Migrants in Turkey
Murat Demirci, Andrew Foster, Murat Güray Kirdar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15778
Counting Missing Women – A Reconciliation of the 'Flow Measure' and the 'Stock Measure'
Cara Ebert, Stephan Klasen, Sebastian Vollmer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15774
Social Networks and the Labour Market
Farzana Afridi, Amrita Dhillon
published online in: Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, 16 September 2022
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15705
Public Childcare, Labor Market Outcomes of Caregivers, and Child Development: Experimental Evidence from Brazil
Orazio Attanasio, Ricardo Paes de Barros, Pedro Carneiro, David K. Evans, Lycia Lima, Pedro Olinto, Norbert Schady
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15680
The Effect of Firm-Level Investment on Inequality and Poverty around the World
Mehmet S. Tosun, Ethan D. Watson, Serhat Yildiz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15669
A Measure of Well-Being Efficiency Based on the World Happiness Report
Francesco Sarracino, Kelsey J. O'Connor
published in: International Productivity Monitor, 2022, 43, 10-40.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15648
Global Universal Basic Skills: Current Deficits and Implications for World Development
Sarah Gust, Eric A. Hanushek, Ludger Woessmann
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2024, 166, 103205
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15639
Women's Careers and Family Formation
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Damian Clarke, Selma Walther
published in: Klaus. F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer Nature, 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15616
Informal Institution Meets Child Development: Clan Culture and Child Labor in China
Can Tang, Zhong Zhao
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics 2023, 51 (1), 277-294
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15597
Social Media as a Recruitment and Data Collection Tool: Experimental Evidence on the Relative Effectiveness of Web Surveys and Chatbots
Emily A. Beam
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2023, 162, 103069
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15596
Lowering Barriers to Remote Education: Experimental Impacts on Parental Responses and Learning
Emily A. Beam, Priya Mukherjee, Laia Navarro-Sola
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15593
Estimating Inter-Generational Returns to Medical Care: New Evidence from At­-Risk Newborns
Damian Clarke, Nicolás Lillo Bustos, Kathya Tapia Schythe
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15565
Global Job Quality: Evidence from Wage Employment across Developing Countries
Shoghik Hovhannisyan, Veronica Montalva-Talledo, Tyler Remick, Carlos Rodriguez Castelan, Kersten Stamm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15549
City Size, Family Migration, and Gender Wage Gap: Evidence from Rural-Urban Migrants in China
Chunbing Xing, Xiaoyan Yuan, Junfu Zhang
published in: Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2022, 97, 103834
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15514
Employer Power and Employment in Developing Countries
Nancy H. Chau, Ravi Kanbur, Vidhya Soundararajan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15485
Persecution, Pogroms and Genocide: A Conceptual Framework and New Evidence
Sascha O. Becker, Sharun Mukand, Ivan Yotzov
published in: Explorations in Economic History, 2022, 86, 101471
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15426
Skill Downgrading among Refugees and Economic Immigrants in Germany: Evidence from the Syrian Refugee Crisis
Plamen Nikolov, Leila Salarpour Goodarzi, David Titus
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15411
Mending the Gap: Apparel Export Prices and the Gender Wage Gap in Bangladesh
Raymond Robertson, Deeksha Kokas, Diego Cardozo Medeiros, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15409
Labour Market Effects of Digital Matching Platforms: Experimental Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Sam Jones, Kunal Sen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15384
The Labor Market Impacts of Venezuelan Refugees and Migrants in Brazil
Mrittika Shamsuddin, Pablo A. Acosta, Rovane Battaglin Schwengber, Jedediah Fix, Nikolas Pirani
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15381
Bring a Friend: Strengthening Women's Social Networks and Reproductive Autonomy in India
S Anukriti, Catalina Herrera-Almanza, Mahesh Karra
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15301
Migration and University Education: An Empirical (Macro) Link
Sule Akkoyunlu, Gil S. Epstein, Ira N. Gang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15288
Income Shocks, Bride Price and Child Marriage in Turkey
Isabelle Chort, Rozenn Hotte, Karine Marazyan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15286
Trade Liberalization and Human Capital Accumulation: Evidence from Indian Census
Mehtabul Azam
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15265
Mother Africa's Exceptionalism? Income and Fertility Redux
Mark Gradstein, Phoebe W. Ishak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15239
Grandfathers and Grandsons: Social Security Expansion and Child Health in China
Jinyang Yang, Xi Chen
published online in: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 18 October 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15179
Developmental Losses in Young Children from Pre-primary Program Closures during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Alejandra Abufhele, David Bravo, Florencia López Bóo, Pamela Soto-Ramirez
published in: Comparative Education Review, 2024, 68 (3), 423 -442
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15161
The Global Inequality Boomerang
Ravi Kanbur, Eduardo Ortiz-Juarez, Andy Sumner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15084
Cumulative Climate Shocks and Migratory Flows: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Salvatore Di Falco, Anna B. Kis, Martina Viarengo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15076
Wheels of Change: Transforming Girls' Lives with Bicycles
Nathan Fiala, Ana Garcia-Hernandez, Kritika Narula, Nishith Prakash
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