The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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116 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17764
China’s Import Competition, Innovation and the Role of Unions
Alessia Matano, Paolo Naticchioni
published in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2025, 73, 423-433
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17667
Using Machine Learning to Understand the Heterogeneous Earnings Effects of Exports
Johanna Muffert, Erwin Winkler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17663
Offshoring, Matching, and Wage Inequality: Theory and Evidence
Gueyon Kim, Dohyeon Lee, Dario Pozzoli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17229
Brexit Had No Measurable Effect on Irish Exporters
Benjamin Elsner, Eoin T. Flaherty, Stefanie Haller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17213
Trading Places: Mobility Responses of Native and Foreign-Born Adults to the China Trade Shock
David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17123
Beyond Borders: Do Gender Norms and Institutions Affect Female Businesses?
Holger Görg, Ina C. Jäkel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16895
Heterogeneous Impacts of Trade Shocks on Workers
Patrick Arni, Peter Egger, Katharina Erhardt, Matthias Gubler, Philip Sauré
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16649
The Impact of New Free Trade Agreements on Incumbent Firms and Workers
Harald Dale-Olsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16556
The Impact of Offshoring and Import Competition on Firm-Level Carbon Emissions
Jonathan Leisner, Jakob R. Munch, August Twile Nielsen, Georg Schaur
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16547
Re-Assessing the Impacts of Exports on Local Labour Market Outcomes: A Supply Chain Perspective. Evidence from Egypt
Pablo Tillian, Deeksha Kokas, Carlos Góes, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16546
Exports to Improve Women's Economic Opportunities in Morocco
Jaime Alfonso Roche Rodriguez, Raymond Robertson, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Daniela Ruiz Zárate
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16381
International Trade and Job Polarization: Evidence at the Worker Level
Wolfgang Keller, Hale Utar
published in: Journal of International Economics, 2023, 145, 103810.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16363
Globalization and Inequality in Latin America
Rafael Dix-Carneiro, Brian K. Kovak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16282
Illicit Shadows: An Economic Analysis of Trade Gaps in Cultural Goods through the Italian Market
Elia Acciai, Michele Belloni, Marina Della Giusta, Giovanna Segre
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16231
Skill-Biased Imports, Skill Acquisition, and Migration
Jingting Fan, Lei Li
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16146
Who Is to Suffer? Quantifying the Impact of Sanctions on German Firms
Holger Görg, Anna Jacobs, Saskia Meuchelböck
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2024, 228, 106767
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16032
Household Responses to Trade Shocks
Aitor Irastorza-Fadrique, Peter Levell, Matthias Parey
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15970
Economic Sanctions and Trade Flows in the Neighbourhood
Vincenzo Bove, Jessica Di Salvatore, Roberto Nistico
published in: Journal of Law and Economics, 2024, 66 (4), 671 - 697
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15962
Does Offshoring Shape Labor Market Imperfections? A Comparative Analysis of Belgian and Dutch Firms
Sabien Dobbelaere, Catherine Fuss, Mark Vancauteren
substantially revised version forthcoming as 'Offshoring and labor market power: Comparing Belgian and Dutch firms' in: Industrial Relations
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15919
Trade Policy Uncertainty, Offshoring, and the Environment: Evidence from US Manufacturing Establishments
Jaerim Choi, Jay Hyun, Gueyon Kim, Ziho Park
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15762
Creative Disruption: Technology Innovation, Labour Demand and the Pandemic
Erling Barth, Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15760
Import Competition, Formalization, and the Role of Contract Labor
Pavel Chakraborty, Rahul Singh, Vidhya Soundararajan
published in: World Bank Economic Review, 2024, 38 (4), 741–771,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15722
How Do Immigrants Promote Exports? Networks, Knowledge, Diversity.
Gianluca Orefice, Hillel Rapoport, Gianluca Santoni
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2025, 174, 103443
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15674
Gains from Trade and the Food Engel Curve
Farid Farrokhi, David Carson Jinkins, Chong Xiang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15458
Help in a Foreign Land: Internationalized Banks and Firms’ Export
Emanuele Brancati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15411
Mending the Gap: Apparel Export Prices and the Gender Wage Gap in Bangladesh
Raymond Robertson, Deeksha Kokas, Diego Cardozo Medeiros, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15235
The Impacts of the Dollar-Renminbi Exchange Rate Misalignment on the China-United States Commodity Trade: An Asymmetric Analysis
Sabrine Ferjani, Sami Saafi, Ridha Nouira, Christophe Rault
published in: Journal of Quantitative Economics, 2022, 20 (3), 507-554
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15160
Firms and Labor in Times of Violence: Evidence from the Mexican Drug War
Hale Utar
published online in: World Bank Economic Review, 11 September 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14953
Trade, Human Capital, and Income Risk
Liuchun Deng, Pravin Krishna, Mine Zeynep Senses, Jens Stegmaier
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14914
Trade and Inequality in Europe and the US
David Dorn, Peter Levell
published in: Oxford Open Economics, 2024, 3, 1042-1068
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14849
Labor Unions and the Electoral Consequences of Trade Liberalization
Pedro Molina Ogeda, Emanuel Ornelas, Rodrigo R. Soares
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2025, 23 (1), 236-280
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14804
On the Persistence of the China Shock
David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson
published in: Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2021, 381-476
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14650
Import Competition and Informal Employment: Empirical Evidence from China
Feicheng Wang, Zhe Liang, Hartmut Lehmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14592
The Natural Resource Boom and the Uneven Fall of the Labor Share
Andrés O. Dávila, Manuel Fernandez Sierra, Hernando Zuleta
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14330
The Influence of Value-Chain Governance on Innovation Performance: A Study of Italian Suppliers
Emanuele Brancati, Carlo Pietrobelli, Caio Torres Mazzi
published in: Eurasian Business Review, 2024, 14 (2), 319-344
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14255
The Impact of Robot Adoption on Global Sourcing
Akin A. Cilekoglu, Rosina Moreno, Raul Ramos
published in: Research Policy, 2024, 53 (3), 104953
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14224
Trade Shocks, Fertility, and Marital Behavior
Osea Giuntella, Lorenzo Rotunno, Luca Stella
published in: Demography, 2022, 59 (6), 2135-2159
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14060
Trade and Informality in the Presence of Labor Market Frictions and Regulations
Rafael Dix-Carneiro, Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg, Costas Meghir, Gabriel Ulyssea
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13875
Export-Led Growth after COVID-19: The Case of Portugal
Wim Naudé, Martin Cameron
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13861
Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure
David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Kaveh Majlesi
published in: American Economic Review, 2020, 110(10), 3139-3189
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13773
Why Are Africa's Female Entrepreneurs Not Playing the Export Game? Evidence from Ghana
Charles G. Ackah, Holger Görg, Aoife Hanley, Cecília Hornok
published as 'Africa’s Businesswomen – Underfunded or Underperforming?' in: Small Business Economics, 2024, 62 (3), 1051-1074
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13626
Trade Liberalization and the Gender Employment Gap in China
Feicheng Wang, Krisztina Kis-Katos, Minghai Zhou
published as 'Import Competition and the Gender Employment Gap in China' in: Journal of Human Resources, 2024, 59 (6), 1830-1864
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13610
Tracing the Local Impacts of Exports on Poverty and Inequality in Mexico
Carlos Rodriguez Castelan, Emmanuel Vazquez, Hernan Winkler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13608
Import Competition and Gender Differences in Labor Reallocation
Hani Mansour, Pamela Medina, Andrea Velasquez
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 76, 102149.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13041
Short and Long-Run Labor Market Effects of Developing Country Exports: Evidence from Bangladesh
Raymond Robertson, Deeksha Kokas, Diego Cardozo Medeiros, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13026
Globalization, Government Popularity, and the Great Skill Divide
Cevat Giray Aksoy, Sergei Guriev, Daniel Treisman
revised version published in: Journal of Politics, 2024, 86 (4), 1177 - 1191
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12951
The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Firms' Product and Labor Market Power
Sabien Dobbelaere, Quint Wiersma
published in: Industrial and Corporate Change, 2025, 34 (1), 210 - 233
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12715
New Imported Inputs, Wages and Worker Mobility
Italo Colantone, Alessia Matano, Paolo Naticchioni
published in: Industrial and Corporate Change, 2020, 29 (2), 423–457.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12638
Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation: Evidence from U.S. Patents
David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Gary Pisano, Pian Shu
published in: American Economic Review: Insights, 2020, 2 (3), 357-374
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12564
Trade and Capital Flows: Substitutes or Complements? An Empirical Investigation
Ansgar H. Belke, Clemens Domnick
published in: Review of International Economics, 2021, 29 (3), 573 - 589
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12412
Migration and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: The Effect of Returning Refugees on Export Performance in the Former Yugoslavia
Dany Bahar, Cem Özgüzel, Andreas Hauptmann, Hillel Rapoport
published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2024, 106, 2, 287-304
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12380
Trade and Worker Deskilling
Rui Costa, Swati Dhingra, Stephen Machin
published as 'New Dawn Fades: Trade, Labour and the Brexit Exchange Rate Depreciation' in: Journal of International Economics, 2024,152, 103993
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12257
On the Road (Again): Commuting and Local Employment Elasticities in Germany
Oliver Krebs, Michael P. Pflüger
published in: Regional Science and Urban Economics 2023, 99, 103874
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12199
Inequality and Trade Policy: Pro-Poor Bias of Contemporary Trade Restrictions
Beyza Ural Marchand
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2019, 65, 123-152.​​​​
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12133
Stalled Racial Progress and Japanese Trade in the 1970s and 1980s
Mary Kate Batistich, Timothy N. Bond
published in: Review of Economic Studies, 2023, 90 (6), 2792–2821,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12061
Export Take-Offs and Acceleration: Unpacking Cross-Sector Linkages in the Evolution of Comparative Advantage
Dany Bahar, Samuel Rosenow, Ernesto Stein, Rodrigo Andres Wagner
published in: World Development, 2019, 117, 48 - 60
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12036
Does "Network Closure" Beef up Import Premium?
Alessio Muscillo, Paolo Pin, Tiziano Razzolini, Francesco Serti
substantially revised version published in: Social Networks, 2023, 73, 89-103.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11790
Collateral Damage? Labour Market Effects of Competing with China – at Home and Abroad
Sónia Cabral, Pedro S. Martins, João Pereira dos Santos, Mariana Tavares
published in: Economica, 2021, 88 (350), 570-600
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11713
Foreign Competition and Executive Compensation in the Manufacturing Industry: A Comparison between Germany and the U.S.
Katharina Dyballa, Kornelius Kraft
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11554
The Origins of the Division of Labor in Pre-Modern Times
Emilio Depetris-Chauvin, Ömer Özak
published in: Journal of Economic Growth, 2020, 25 (3), 297-340
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11428
How Do Households Adjust to Trade Liberalization? Evidence from China's WTO Accession
Mi Dai, Wei Huang, Yifan Zhang
published as 'How do households adjust to tariff liberalization? Evidence from China's WTO accession' in: Journal of Development Economics, 2021, 150, 102628
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11346
International Import Competition and the Decision to Migrate: Evidence from Mexico
Kaveh Majlesi, Gaia Narciso
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2018, 132, 75-87
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11280
Immigrant Entrepreneurs, Diasporas and Exports
Massimiliano Bratti, Luca De Benedictis, Gianluca Santoni
revised version published in: Journal of Regional Science, 2020, 60(2), 249-272
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11225
Labor Market Imperfections, Markups and Productivity in Multinationals and Exporters
Sabien Dobbelaere, Kozo Kiyota
published in: Labour Economics, 2018, 53, 198-212
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10946
Beyond EU-US Trade Dynamics: TTIP Effects Related to Foreign Direct Investment and Innovation
Andre Jungmittag, Paul J. J. Welfens
published as 'EU-US trade post-trump perspectives: TTIP aspects related to foreign direct investment and innovation' in: International Economics and Economic Policy, 2020,17, 259 - 294
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10859
An Injury to One Is an Injury to All: Terrorism's Spillover Effects on Bilateral Trade
Cong S. Pham, Chris Doucouliagos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10553
Does Official Development Assistance Affect Donor's Export? Case of Korea
Bobae Noh, Almas Heshmati
published in: SN Business & Economics, 2021, 1, article 141 (2021)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10295
Trade Liberalization and Child Labor in China
Liqiu Zhao, Fei Wang, Zhong Zhao
revised version published in: China Economic Review, 2021, 65, 101575
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10231
Trade Shocks and the Provision of Local Public Goods
Leo Feler, Mine Zeynep Senses
published in: American Economic Review: Economic Policy, 2017, 9 (4), 101 - 143
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10112
Migrant Networks and Trade: The Vietnamese Boat People as a Natural Experiment
Christopher Parsons, Pierre-Louis Vézina
published in: Economic Journal, 2018, 128 (612), F210 - F234
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9788
Migration, Knowledge Diffusion and the Comparative Advantage of Nations
Dany Bahar, Hillel Rapoport
published in: Economic Journal, 2018, 128 (612), F273-305
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9491
New Evidence on Linear Regression and Treatment Effect Heterogeneity
Tymon Sloczynski
superseded by IZA Discussion Paper No. 11866
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9058
The Causal Impact of Migration on US Trade: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Walter Steingress
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7923
Ethnic Diversity and Firms' Export Behavior
Pierpaolo Parrotta, Dario Pozzoli, Davide Sala
published in: European Economic Review, 2016, 89, 248-263
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7908
Preferential Market Access into the Chinese Market: How Good is it for Africa?
Catherine Y. Co, Ralitza Dimova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7611
Expanding Export Variety: The Role of Institutional Reforms in Developing Countries
Liugang Sheng, Dennis T. Yang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7479
Financial Liberalization and the Relationship-Specificity of Exports
Fabrice Defever, Jens Suedekum
published in: Economics Letters, 2014, 122 (3), 375-379
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7397
Same Same But Different: Dialects and Trade
Alfred Lameli, Volker Nitsch, Jens Suedekum, Nikolaus Wolf
published in: German Economic Review, 2015, 16 (3), 290-306
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7172
Why Some Firms Export? An Empirical Analysis for Manufacturing Firms in the MENA Region
Ali Fakih, Pascal L. Ghazalian
published as 'Which Firms Export? An Empirical Analysis for the Manufacturing Sector in the MENA Region' in: Journal of Economic Studies, 2014, 41 (5), 672-695
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6941
Isolating the Network Effect of Immigrants on Trade
Mariya Aleksynska, Giovanni Peri
published in: World Economy, 2014, 37 (3), 434 - 455
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6897
Offshoring, Wages and Job Security of Temporary Workers
Holger Görg, Dennis Görlich
published in: Review of World Economics / Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 2015, 151(3), 533-554
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6628
On the Pro-Trade Effects of Immigrants
Massimiliano Bratti, Luca De Benedictis, Gianluca Santoni
revised version published in: Review of World Economics, 2014, 150 (3), 557-594
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6514
Offshoring and Job Stability: Evidence from Italian Manufacturing
Alessia Lo Turco, Daniela Maggioni, Matteo Picchio
published in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2013, 26, 27-46
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6393
The Microstructure of the Great Export Collapse in German Manufacturing Industries, 2008/2009
Joachim Wagner
published in: Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, 2013, 7 (1), 20130005
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6274
Average Wage, Qualification of the Workforce and Export Performance in German Enterprises: Evidence from KombiFiD Data
Joachim Wagner
published in: Journal for Labour Market Research, 2012, 45 (2), 161-170
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6054
Speeding Up the Product Cycle: The Role of Host Country Reforms
Liugang Sheng, Dennis T. Yang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6009
Exports, Foreign Direct Investments and Productivity: Are Services Firms Different?
Joachim Wagner
published in: Service Industries Journal, 2014, 34 (1), 24-37
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5924
Exports, Imports and Firm Survival: First Evidence for Manufacturing Enterprises in Germany
Joachim Wagner
published in: Review of World Economics, 2013, 149 (1), 113-130
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5916
International Trade and Firm Performance: A Survey of Empirical Studies since 2006
Joachim Wagner
published in: Review of World Economics, 2012, 148 (2), 235-267
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5766
Exports, Imports and Profitability: First Evidence for Manufacturing Enterprises
Joachim Wagner
published in: Open Economies Review, 2012, 23 (5), 747-765
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5394
Relational Contracts and the Economic Well-Being of Nations
Bohdan Kukharskyy, Michael P. Pflüger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5259
Do Foreign-Owned Firms Provide Better Working Conditions Than Their Domestic Counterparts? A Comparative Analysis
Alexander Hijzen, Pedro S. Martins, Thorsten Schank, Richard Upward
published as 'Foreign-owned firms around the world: A comparative analysis of wages and employment at the micro-level' in: European Economic Review, 2013, 60, 170-188
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5244
Exports and Firm Characteristics in German Manufacturing Industries
Joachim Wagner
published in: Applied Economics Quarterly, 2011, 57 (2), 107-143 and 145-160
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5183
The Post-Entry Performance of Cohorts of Export Starters in German Manufacturing Industries
Joachim Wagner
published in: International Journal of the Economics of Business, 2012, 19 (2), 169-193
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5175
From Estimation Results to Stylized Facts: Twelve Recommendations for Empirical Research in International Activities of Heterogeneous Firms
Joachim Wagner
published in: De Economist, 2011, 159 (4), 389-412
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5147
Self-Selection into Export Markets by Business Services Firms: Evidence from France, Germany and the United Kingdom
Yama Temouri, Alexander Vogel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2013, 25 (2), 146-158
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5112
The Exporter Productivity Premium along the Productivity Distribution: First Evidence from a Quantile Regression Approach for Fixed Effects Panel Data Models
David Powell, Joachim Wagner
published in: Review of World Economics, 2014, 150 (4), 763-785
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5029
Environmental Regulation and Competitiveness: Evidence from Romania
Guglielmo Maria Caporale, Christophe Rault, Robert Sova, Anamaria Sova
published in: Ecological Economics, 2012, 81, 130-139
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4964
Productivity Premia for German Manufacturing Firms Exporting to the Euro-Area and Beyond: First Evidence from Robust Fixed Effects Estimations
Vincenzo Verardi, Joachim Wagner
published in: The World Economy, 2012, 35 (6), 694-712
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4928
Robust Estimation of Linear Fixed Effects Panel Data Models with an Application to the Exporter Productivity Premium
Vincenzo Verardi, Joachim Wagner
published in: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2011, 231 (4), 546-557
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