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IZA Discussion Papers

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The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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123 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18225
Beliefs about Bots: How Employers Plan for AI in White-Collar Work
Eduard Brüll, Samuel Mäurer, Davud Rostam-Afschar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18205
The Demand for Economic Narratives
Sebastian Blesse, Klaus Gruendler, Philipp Heil, Henning Hermes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17921
The Managerial Labor Market and Gender Gaps in Beliefs About Own Ability
Tor Eriksson, Nina Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17919
Inflation, Expectations and Monetary Policy: What Have We Learned and to What End?
Olivier Coibion, Yuriy Gorodnichenko
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17770
Homeownership and Attention to Inflation: Evidence from Information Treatments
Jessica Piccolo, Yuriy Gorodnichenko
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17695
How Inheritance Expectations Impact Household Savings
Ignacio Belloc, José Alberto Molina
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17317
The Causal Effects of Inflation Uncertainty on Households' Beliefs and Actions
Dimitris Georgarakos, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Olivier Coibion, Geoff Kenny
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17278
The Perceived Impact of Immigration on Native Workers' Labour Market Outcomes
Bernd Hayo, Duncan H.W. Roth
published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2024, 85, 102610
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17269
Inflation and Wage Expectations of Firms and Employees
Lukas Buchheim, Sebastian Link, Sascha Möhrle
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17198
The Accuracy of Job Seekers' Wage Expectations
Marco Caliendo, Robert Mahlstedt, Aiko Schmeißer, Sophie Wagner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17174
Identification of Ex Ante Returns Using Elicited Choice Probabilities: An Application to Preferences for Public-Sector Jobs
Romuald Meango, Esther Mirjam Girsberger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17120
Higher-Order Beliefs and Risky Asset Holdings
Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Xiao Yin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17043
Can Price Controls Be Optimal? The Economics of the Energy Shock in Germany
Tom Krebs, Isabella Weber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16821
Alternative Models of Preference Heterogeneity for Elicited Choice Probabilities
Nathan Kettlewell, Matthew J. Walker, Hong Il Yoo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16524
Labor Market News and Expectations about Jobs & Earnings
Bernhard Schmidpeter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16478
Navigating Ambiguity: Imprecise Probabilities and the Updating of Disease Risk Beliefs
Jason Kerwin, Divya Pandey
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16417
What If It Never Happened? Subjective Treatment Effects of a Negative Shock on Youth Labour Market Outcomes in Developing Countries
Marta Favara, Richard Freund, Marcello Perez-Alvarez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16228
When Death Was Postponed: The Effect of HIV Medication on Work, Savings, and Marriage
Mette Ejrnæs, Esteban García-Miralles, Mette Gørtz, Petter Lundborg
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16143
For Better or Worse? Subjective Expectations and Cost-Benefit Trade-Offs in Health Behavior
Gabriella Conti, Pamela Giustinelli
published in: Health Economics, 2025, 34, 992 - 1012
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16106
Inflation Expectations and Misallocation of Resources: Evidence from Italy
Tiziano Ropele, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Olivier Coibion
published in: American Economic Review: Insights, 2024, 6 (2), 246–261
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16035
Seeking Shelter in Times of Crisis? Unemployment, Perceived Job Insecurity and Trade Union Membership
Adrian Chadi, Laszlo Goerke
published in: Economica, 2023, 90 (359), 1041-1088
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16013
Workers' Perceptions of Earnings Growth and Employment Risk
Gizem Koşar, Wilbert van der Klaauw
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15831
Forecasts: Consumption, Production, and Behavioral Responses
Husnain F. Ahmad, Matthew Gibson, Fatiq Nadeem, Sanval Nasim, Arman Rezaee
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15682
Motivated Belief Updating and Rationalization of Information
Christoph Drobner, Sebastian J. Goerg
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15495
Homeownership and the Perception of Material Security in Old Age
Claudius Garten, Michal Myck, Monika Oczkowska
published in: Applied Economics, 2025, 57 (33), 4988 - 5000
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15440
Finance, Informal Competition, and Expectations: A Firm-Level Analysis
Emanuele Brancati, Michele Di Maio, Aminur Rahman
published in: World Development, 2024, 173, 106408
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15281
Gender Gaps in Early Wage Expectations
Andreas Leibing, Frauke Peter, Sevrin Waights, C. Katharina Spieß
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2023, 94, 102398
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15090
Information Frictions among Firms and Households
Sebastian Link, Andreas Peichl, Christopher Roth, Johannes Wohlfart
published in: Journal of Monetary Economics, 2023,135, 99-115
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15040
House Price Expectations
Niklas Gohl, Peter Haan, Claus Michelsen, Felix Weinhardt
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2024, 218, 379-398
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15018
Skewness Expectations and Portfolio Choice
Tilman Drerup, Matthias Wibral, Christian Zimpelmann
published in: Experimental Economics, 2023, 26, 107 - 144
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14889
R&D Plans, Expectations, and Uncertainty: Evidence from the COVID-19 Shock in Italy
Emanuele Brancati
published in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2023, 67, 303-318
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14149
Temporary Overpessimism: Job Loss Expectations Following a Large Negative Employment Shock
Julian Emmler, Bernd Fitzenberger
published in: Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, 2022, 30 (3), 621 - 661
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14114
Fiscal Policy and Households' Inflation Expectations: Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial
Olivier Coibion, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Michael Weber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13943
The Health-Wealth Trade-off during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Communication Matters
Vincenzo Carrieri, Maria De Paola, Francesca Gioia
published in: PLoS ONE, 2021,16 (9), e0256103.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13823
Political Polarization and Expected Economic Outcomes
Olivier Coibion, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Michael Weber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13821
Reverse Bayesianism: Revising Beliefs in Light of Unforeseen Events
Christoph K. Becker, Tigran Melkonyan, Eugenio Proto, Andis Sofianos, Stefan T. Trautmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13807
Higher Education Financing and the Educational Aspirations of Teenagers and their Parents
Dan Anderberg, Arnaud Chevalier, Lena Hassani Nezhad, Melanie Lührmann, Ronni Pavan
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2021, 85, 102175
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13753
Framing the Predicted Impacts of COVID-19 Prophylactic Measures in Terms of Lives Saved Rather Than Deaths Is More Effective for Older People
Pietro Biroli, Steven J. Bosworth, Marina Della Giusta, Amalia Di Girolamo, Sylvia Jaworska, Jeremy Vollen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13664
Exponential Growth Bias in the Prediction of COVID-19 Spread and Economic Expectation
Ritwik Banerjee, Priyama Majumdar
published in: Economicy, 2023, 90 (358), 653-689
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13517
Overconfidence and Gender Differences in Wage Expectations
Stephanie Briel, Aderonke Osikominu, Gregor Pfeifer, Mirjam Reutter, Sascha Satlukal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13475
Biased Beliefs and Entry into Scientific Careers
Ina Ganguli, Patrick Gaule, Danijela Vuletić Čugalj
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13457
Sudden Stop: When Did Firms Anticipate the Potential Consequences of COVID-19?
Lukas Buchheim, Carla Krolage, Sebastian Link
published in: German Economic Review, 2022, 23 (1), 79-119
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13445
Subjective Expectations for Health Service Use and Consequences for Health Insurance Behavior
Nathan Kettlewell
published as 'The informational content of subjective expectations for health service use' in: BMC Health Services Research, 2021, 21, 464 (2021)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13355
Does Policy Communication during COVID-19 Work?
Olivier Coibion, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Michael Weber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13253
Firm-level Expectations and Behavior in Response to the COVID-19 Crisis
Lukas Buchheim, Jonas Dovern, Carla Krolage, Sebastian Link
published as 'Sentiment and Firm Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic' in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2022, 195, 185 - 198
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13224
The Cost of the COVID-19 Crisis: Lockdowns, Macroeconomic Expectations, and Consumer Spending
Olivier Coibion, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Michael Weber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13139
Labor Markets during the COVID-19 Crisis: A Preliminary View
Olivier Coibion, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Michael Weber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13092
Compliance with COVID-19 Social-Distancing Measures in Italy: The Role of Expectations and Duration
Guglielmo Briscese, Nicola Lacetera, Mario Macis, Mirco Tonin
published as ' Expectations, reference points, and compliance with COVID-19 social distancing measures' in: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 2023, 103, 101983
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13060
Why Do We Procrastinate? Present Bias and Optimism
Zachary Breig, Matthew Gibson, Jeffrey G. Shrader
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12979
Forward Guidance and Household Expectations
Olivier Coibion, Dimitris Georgarakos, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Michael Weber
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2023, 21 (5), 2131–217
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12945
Self-Perceptions about Academic Achievement: Evidence from Mexico City
Matteo Bobba, Veronica Frisancho
published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2022, 231 (1), 58 - 73
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12604
Policy Uncertainty and Information Flows: Evidence from Pension Reform Expectations
Emanuele Ciani, Adeline Delavande, Ben Etheridge, Marco Francesconi
published in: Economic Journal, 2023, 133 (649), 98-129
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12553
Economic Polarization and Antisocial Behavior: An Experiment
Maria Bigoni, Stefania Bortolotti, Efşan Nas Özen
published in: Games and Economic Behavior, 2021, 126, 387 - 401
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12522
Gender Differences in Wage Expectations: Sorting, Children, and Negotiation Styles
Lukas Kiessling, Pia Pinger, Philipp K. Seegers, Jan Bergerhoff
published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 87, 12522
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12498
How Does Consumption Respond to News about Inflation? Field Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial
Olivier Coibion, Dimitris Georgarakos, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Maarten van Rooij
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12271
Understanding Migration Aversion Using Elicited Counterfactual Choice Probabilities
Gizem Koşar, Tyler Ransom, Wilbert van der Klaauw
published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2022, 231 (1), 123-147
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12153
Measuring Belief-Dependent Preferences without Information about Beliefs
Charles Bellemare, Alexander Sebald
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12056
I Read the News Today, Oh Boy: The Effect of Crime News Coverage on Crime Perception and Trust
Daniel Velásquez, Santiago Medina, Gustavo Yamada, Pablo Lavado, Miguel Núñez, Hugo Alatrista, Juandiego Morzan
published in: World Development, 2020, 136, 105111
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11989
Rationalizing Rational Expectations? Tests and Deviations
Xavier D'Haultfoeuille, Christophe Gaillac, Arnaud Maurel
published in: Quantitative Economics, 2021, 12 (3), 817 - 842
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11891
The Great Recession and Children's Mental Health in Australia
Melisa Bubonya, Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Daniel Christensen, Sarah E. Johnson, Stephen R. Zubrick
published in: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019, 16 (4), 537
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10984
Trading While Sleepy? Circadian Mismatch and Excess Volatility in a Global Experimental Asset Market
David L. Dickinson, Ananish Chaudhuri, Ryan Greenaway-McGrevy
revised version published as 'Trading while sleepy? Circadian mismatch and mispricing in a global experimental asset market' in: Experimental Economics, 2020, 23, 526 - 533
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10932
Gender Stereotyping and Self-Stereotyping Attitudes: A Large Field Study of Managers
Tor Eriksson, Nina Smith, Valdemar Smith
published as 'Gender stereotyping and self-stereotyping among Danish managers' in: Gender in Management: An International Journal, 2021, 36 (5), 622-639
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10754
Disappointment Aversion and Social Comparisons in a Real-Effort Competition
Simon Gächter, Lingbo Huang, Martin Sefton
revised version published in Economic Inquiry, 2018, 56 (3), 1512-1525
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10434
Unawareness and Selective Disclosure: The Effect of School Quality Information on Property Prices
John de New, Syed Hasan, Nikhil Jha, Mathias Sinning
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2018, 145, 449-464
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10406
Locus of Control and Investment in Training
Marco Caliendo, Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Helke Seitz, Arne Uhlendorff
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2022, 57(4), 1311-1349
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10165
Teacher Expectations Matter
Nicholas W. Papageorge, Seth Gershenson, Kyungmin Kang
published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2020, 102(2): 234-251.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9564
Are Competitors Forward Looking in Strategic Interactions? Evidence from the Field
Mario Lackner, Rudi Stracke, Uwe Sunde, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organisation, 2020, 179, 544-565
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9446
Competitiveness and the Gender Gap among Young Business Professionals
Ernesto Reuben, Paola Sapienza, Luigi Zingales
published in: Journal of Finance, 2024, 79, 1087-1121
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9445
Intended College Attendance: Evidence from an Experiment on College Returns and Cost
Zachary Bleemer, Basit Zafar
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2018, 157, 184-211
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9444
Personal Experiences and Expectations about Aggregate Outcomes
Theresa Kuchler, Basit Zafar
published in: Journal of Finance, 2019, 74 (5), 2491-2542
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9387
Information Characteristics and Errors in Expectations: Experimental Evidence
Constantinos Antoniou, Glenn Harrison, Morten Lau, Daniel Read
published in: Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 2017, 52 (2), 737-750
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9301
The Great Expectations: Impact of One-Child Policy on Education of Girls
Wei Huang, Xiaoyan Lei, Ang Sun
published as 'Fertility Restrictions and Life Cycle Outcomes: Evidence from the One-Child Policy in China' in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2021, 103 (4), 695 - 710
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9242
The Power of (Non) Positive Thinking: Self-Employed Pessimists Earn More than Optimists
Christopher Dawson, David Emmanuel de Meza, Andrew Henley, Reza Arabsheibani
published as 'Curb your enthusiasm: Optimistic entrepreneurs earn less' in: European Economic Review, 2019, 111, 53 - 69
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9202
Who Believes in Me? The Effect of Student-Teacher Demographic Match on Teacher Expectations
Seth Gershenson, Stephen B. Holt, Nicholas W. Papageorge
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2016, 52, 209-224
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9120
Do Wage Expectations Influence the Decision to Enroll in Nursing College?
Jürg Schweri, Joop Hartog
published as 'Do wage expectations predict college enrollment? Evidence from healthcare' in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2017, 141, 135 - 150
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9009
Overconfident People Are More Exposed to "Black Swan" Events: A Case Study of Avalanche Risk
Nicolao Bonini, Stefania Pighin, Enrico Rettore, Lucia Savadori, Federico Schena, Sara Tonini, Paolo Tosi
published in: Empirical Economics, 2019, 57 (4), 1443 - 1467
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8934
Game, Set, and Match: Do Women and Men Perform Differently in Competitive Situations?
Michael Jetter, Jay K. Walker
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2015, 119, 96-108
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8858
Biased Beliefs and Imperfect Information
Eugenio Proto, Daniel Sgroi
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2017, 136, 186 - 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8658
Individual Survival Curves Comparing Subjective and Observed Mortality Risks
Luc Bissonnette, Michael D. Hurd, Pierre-Carl Michaud
published in: Health Economics, 2017, 26 (12), e285-e303
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8639
Randomizing Endowments: An Experimental Study of Rational Expectations and Reference-Dependent Preferences
Lorenz Götte, Annette Cerulli-Harms, Charles Sprenger
published in: American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 2019, 11 (1), 185–207)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8536
House Price Expectations
Geng Niu, Arthur van Soest
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7604
Unmet Aspirations as an Explanation for the Age U-shape in Human Wellbeing
Hannes Schwandt
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2016, 122, 75-87
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7579
Preferences and Biases in Educational Choices and Labor Market Expectations: Shrinking the Black Box of Gender
Ernesto Reuben, Matthew Wiswall, Basit Zafar
published in: Economic Journal, 2017, 127, 2153-2186
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7430
Economic Consequences of Mispredicting Utility
Bruno S. Frey, Alois Stutzer
published in: Journal of Happiness Studies, 2014, 15(4), 937-956
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7372
Correlation Neglect in Belief Formation
Benjamin Enke, Florian Zimmermann
published in: Review of Economic Studies, 2019, 86 (1), 313–33
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7322
Groupthink: Collective Delusions in Organizations and Markets
Roland Benabou
published in: Review of Economic Studies, 2013, 80 (2), 429-462
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7265
Does Everyone Use Probabilities? Intuitive and Rational Decisions about Stockholding
Johannes Binswanger, Martin Salm
revised version published as 'Does everyone use probabilities? The role of cognitive skills' in: European Economic Review, 2017, 98, 73-85
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6947
Gender, Risk and Venture Creation Intentions
Christopher Dawson, Andrew Henley
published in: Journal of Small Business Management, 2015, 53(2), 501-515
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6922
To See Is To Believe: Common Expectations in Experimental Asset Markets
Stephen L. Cheung, Morten Hedegaard, Stefan Palan
revised version published in: European Economic Review, 2014, 66, 84-96
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6844
Entrepreneurship: Cause or Consequence of Financial Optimism?
Christopher Dawson, David Emmanuel de Meza, Andrew Henley, Reza Arabsheibani
published in: Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 2014, 23(4), 717–742
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6325
Announcing an Increase in the State Pension Age and the Recession: Which Mattered More for Expected Retirement Ages?
Alan Barrett, Irene Mosca
published as 'Increasing the State Pension Age, the Recession and Expected Retirement Ages' in: Economic and Social Review 2013, 44 (4), 447-472
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5957
Learning about a Class of Belief-Dependent Preferences without Information on Beliefs
Charles Bellemare, Alexander Sebald
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5759
The Future of Retirement and the Pension System: How the Public's Expectations Vary over Time and across Socio-Economic Groups
Luc Bissonnette, Arthur van Soest
published in: IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, 2012, 1:2
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5485
The Threat Effect of Participation in Active Labor Market Programs on Job Search Behavior of Migrants in Germany
Annette Bergemann, Marco Caliendo, Gerard J. van den Berg, Klaus F. Zimmermann
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2011, 32 (7), 777-795
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5481
Which Institutions Encourage Entrepreneurs to Create Larger Firms?
Saul Estrin, Julia Korosteleva, Tomasz Mickiewicz
published in: Journal of Business Venturing, 2013, 28 (4), 564–580
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5379
Determinanten des Suchverhaltens von Arbeitslosen: Ausgewählte Erkenntnisse basierend auf dem IZA Evaluationsdatensatz
Marco Caliendo, Arne Uhlendorff
published in: Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung / Journal for Labour Market Research, 2011, 44 (1-2), 119-125
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5272
Nonresponse and Focal Point Answers to Subjective Probability Questions
Kristin J. Kleinjans, Arthur van Soest
published as 'Rounding, Focal Point Answers and Nonresponse to Subjective Probability Questions' in: Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2014, 29 (4), 567 - 585
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4803
Measuring the Willingness to Pay to Avoid Guilt: Estimation Using Equilibrium and Stated Belief Models
Charles Bellemare, Alexander Sebald, Martin Strobel
published in: Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2011, 26 (3), 437-453
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4709
Beliefs and Actions in the Trust Game: Creating Instrumental Variables to Estimate the Causal Effect
Miguel A. Costa-Gomes, Steffen Huck, Georg Weizsäcker
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4396
Better Means More: Property Rights and High-Growth Aspiration Entrepreneurship
Saul Estrin, Julia Korosteleva, Tomasz Mickiewicz
substantially revised and rewritten version available as IZA DP No. 5481
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