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IZA Discussion Papers

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The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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265 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17886
Participation in Pension Programs in Low and Middle Income Countries
John T. Giles, Clement Joubert, Tomoaki Tanaka
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17642
Public Long-Term Care Insurance and Retirement Intentions of Urban Workers: Evidence from China
Tianli Yang, Zhong Zhao
forthcoming in: Health Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17586
Why Life Gets Better After Age 50, for Some: Mental Well-Being and the Social Norm of Work
Coen van de Kraats, Titus Galama, Maarten Lindeboom, Zichen Deng
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17068
I Can't Forget about U: Lifetime Unemployment and Retirement Well-Being
Andrew E. Clark, Anthony Lepinteur
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17024
Live Longer and Healthier: Impact of Pension Income for Low-Income Retirees
Chiara Malavasi, Han Ye
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16827
Does High Involvement Management Make You Work Longer? Insights from Linked Survey and Register Data
Petri Böckerman, Alex Bryson, Ilari Ilmakunnas, Pekka Ilmakunnas
forthcoming in: Journal of the Economics of Ageing
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16735
Social Security and Inequality in Belgium
Giulia Klinges, Alain Jousten, Mathieu Lefèbvre
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16704
Taking Back Control? Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Impact of Retirement on Locus of Control
Andrew E. Clark, Rong Zhu
published in: Economic Journal, 2024, 134, 1465–1493
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16604
Unionization of Retired Workers in Europe
Vinzenz Pyka, Claus Schnabel
published in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2025, 31 (1), 5-29
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16557
Does the Child Penalty Strike Twice, and If So Why?
Mette Gørtz, Sarah Sander, Almudena Sevilla
published as 'Does the Child Penalty Strike Twice?' in: European Economic Review, 2025, 172, 104942
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16545
Occupational Differences in the Effects of Retirement on Hospitalizations for Mental Illness among Female Workers: Evidence from Administrative Data in China
Tianyu Wang, Ruochen Sun, Jody L. Sindelar, Xi Chen
published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2024 , 53, 101367
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16470
Retirement Decision of Belgian Couples and the Impact of the Social Security System
Sefane Cetin, Alain Jousten
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16430
Graying and Staying on the Job: The Welfare Implications of Employment Protection for Older Workers
Todd Morris, Benoit Dostie
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16235
Disability Insurance Screening and Worker Outcomes
Alexander Ahammer, Analisa Packham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16124
Long-Run Consequences of Informal Elderly Care and Implications of Public Long-Term Care Insurance
Thorben Korfhage, Björn Fischer
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2024, 96, 102884
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16116
'Earned, Not Given'? The Effect of Lowering the Full Retirement Age on Retirement Decisions
Mathias Dolls, Carla Krolage
revised version published in: Journal of Public Economics; 2023, 223, 104909
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16116
'Earned, Not Given'? The Effect of Lowering the Full Retirement Age on Retirement Decisions
Mathias Dolls, Carla Krolage
revised version published in: Journal of Public Economics; 2023, 223, 104909
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16098
Longer Careers: A Barrier to Hiring and Coworker Advancement?
Irene Ferrari, Jan Kabátek, Todd Morris
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16039
Pension Reforms and Couples' Labour Supply Decisions
Hamed Markazi Moghadam, Patrick A. Puhani, Joanna Tyrowicz
published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 91, 102627
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16029
Human Capital and Pensions with Endogenous Fertility and Retirement
Giam Pietro Cipriani, Tamara Fioroni
published in: Macroeconomic Dynamics. 2024, 28 (2), 478-494.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15998
The Health-Consumption Effects of Increasing Retirement Age Late in the Game
Eve Caroli, Catherine Pollak, Muriel Roger
published in: Economie et Statistique/Economics and Statistics, 2023, 538, 49-67
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15871
Pension Reforms, Longer Working Horizons and Absence from Work
Giorgio Brunello, Maria De Paola, Lorenzo Rocco
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2025, 38, 9 (2025)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15836
The Effect of Pension Wealth on Employment
Sebastian Becker, Hermann Buslei, Johannes Geyer, Peter Haan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15758
Are Retirement Planning Tools Substitutes or Complements to Financial Capability?
Gopi Shah Goda, Matthew R. Levy, Colleen Flaherty Manchester, Aaron Sojourner, Joshua Tasoff, Jiusi Xiao
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2023, 214, 561-573
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15758
Are Retirement Planning Tools Substitutes or Complements to Financial Capability?
Gopi Shah Goda, Matthew R. Levy, Colleen Flaherty Manchester, Aaron Sojourner, Joshua Tasoff, Jiusi Xiao
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2023, 214, 561-573
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15634
The Effect of Labor Market Shocks across the Life Cycle
Kjell G. Salvanes, Barton Willage, Alexander Willén
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2024, 42 (1), 121–160
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15628
Old-Age Unemployment and Labor Supply: An Application to Belgium
Octave De Brouwer, Ilan Tojerow
published in: Empirical Economics, 2024, 67, 253 - 587
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15577
The Effect of Removing Early Retirement on Mortality
Cristina Bellés Obrero, Sergi Jimenez-Martin, Han Ye
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15577
The Effect of Removing Early Retirement on Mortality
Cristina Bellés Obrero, Sergi Jimenez-Martin, Han Ye
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15537
How Do Age-Related Policy Reforms Promote Employment among Older Adults in Singapore?
Jessica Ya Sun, Emiko Usui
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15388
Spillover Effects of Old-Age Pension across Generations: Family Labor Supply and Child Outcomes
Katja Maria Kaufmann, Yasemin Özdemir, Han Ye
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15339
Caregiving Subsidies and Spousal Early Retirement Intentions
Joan Costa-Font, Cristina Vilaplana-Prieto
published in: Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 2023, 22 (4), 550-589
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15327
Leaving the Labor Market Early in Sweden – Learning from International Experience
Mats Bengtsson, Stefanie König, Simon Schönbeck, Eskil Wadensjö
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15272
Older Mothers' Employment and Marriage Stability When the Nest Is Empty
Hippolyte D'Albis, Karina Doorley, Elena G. F. Stancanelli
published in: Molina, J.A. (eds), Mothers in the Labor Market, Springer, 2022, 247 - 269
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15140
Are Retirees More Satisfied? Anticipation and Adaptation Effects: A Causal Panel Analysis of German Statutory Insured and Civil Service Pensioners
Joachim Merz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14908
Reforms of an Early Retirement Pathway in Germany and Their Labor Market Effects
Regina T. Riphahn, Rebecca Schrader
published in: Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 2023, 22(3), 304-330.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14893
The Effects of an Increase in the Retirement Age on Health – Evidence from Administrative Data
Mara Barschkett, Johannes Geyer, Peter Haan, Anna Hammerschmid
published in: Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 2022, 23, 100403
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14725
One Country, Two Systems: Evidence on Retirement Patterns in China
John T. Giles, Xiaoyan Lei, Gewei Wang, Yafeng Wang, Yaohui Zhao
published in: Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 2023, 22 (2), 188-210
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14648
Retirement and Voluntary Work Provision: Evidence from the Australian Age Pension Reform
Rong Zhu
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2021, 190, 674–690
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14648
Retirement and Voluntary Work Provision: Evidence from the Australian Age Pension Reform
Rong Zhu
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2021, 190, 674–690
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14602
Retirement and Health Outcomes in a Meta-Analytical Framework
Mattia Filomena, Matteo Picchio
published in: Journal of Economic Surveys, 2023, 37 (4), 1120-1155
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14574
Health, Retirement and Economic Shocks
Mario Martinez-Jimenez, Bruce Hollingsworth, Eugenio Zucchelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14469
Pension Incentives and Labor Supply: Evidence from the Introduction of Universal Old-Age Assistance in the UK
Matthias Giesecke, Philipp Jaeger
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2021, 203, 104516
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14394
Gender Wage and Longevity Gaps and the Design of Retirement Systems
Francesca Barigozzi, Helmuth Cremer, Jean-Marie Lozachmeur
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 209, 2023, 263-287.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14294
Working Beyond the Normal Retirement Age in Urban China and Urban Russia
Björn Anders Gustafsson, Ludmila Nivorozhkina, Haiyuan Wan
published in: IZA Journal of Development and Migration, 2021, 12 (1)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14150
Increasing the Effective Retirement Age: Key Factors and Interaction Effects
Tilbe Atav, Egbert L. W. Jongen, Simon Rabat
published as 'Increasing the Retirement Age: Policy Effects and Underlying Mechanisms' in: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2024, 16 (1), 259-291.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14018
Social Security and Endogenous Demographic Change: Child Support and Retirement Policies
Giam Pietro Cipriani, Tamara Fioroni
published in: Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 2022, 21(3), 307-325.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13990
Technology, Labour Market Institutions and Early Retirement: Evidence from Finland
Naomitsu Yashiro, Tomi Kyyrä, Hyunjeong Hwang, Juha Tuomala
published in: Economic Policy, 2022, 37, 811-849
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13939
How Effective are Matching Schemes in Enticing Low-income Earners to Save More for Retirement? Evidence from a National Scheme
Marc K. Chan, Cain Polidano, Ha Vu, Roger Wilkins, Andrew Carter, Hang To
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13932
Pension Policies, Retirement and Human Capital Depreciation in Late Adulthood
Plamen Nikolov, Alan Adelman
updated version of this paper published as DP15742
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13671
Association of a Genetic Risk Score with BMI along the Life-Cycle: Evidence from Several US Cohorts
Anna Sanz-de-Galdeano, Anastasia Terskaya, Angie Upegui
revised version published in: PLoS ONE, 2020, 15 (9), e0239067.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13587
Stung by Pension Reforms: The Impact of a Change in State Pension Age on Mental Health and Life Satisfaction of Affected Women
Marina Della Giusta, Simonetta Longhi
published in: Labour Economics, 2021, 72,102049
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13572
Obstacles to Labour Market Participation among Arab Women in Israel
Sami H. Miaari, Nabil Khattab, Maha Sabbah-Karkabi
published in: International Labour Review 2023, 162 (4), 587 - 614
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13537
The Impact of Social Security on Pension Claiming and Retirement: Active vs. Passive Decisions
Rafael Lalive, Arvind Magesan, Stefan Staubli
revised version published in: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2023, 15 (3), 115-50
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13416
Are Older Workers Willing to Learn?
Jens Ruhose, Stephan L. Thomsen, Insa Weilage
revised version published as 'No mental retirement: estimating voluntary adult education activities of older workers' in: Education Economics, 2023, 32 (4), 440–473.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13416
Are Older Workers Willing to Learn?
Jens Ruhose, Stephan L. Thomsen, Insa Weilage
revised version published as 'No mental retirement: estimating voluntary adult education activities of older workers' in: Education Economics, 2023, 32 (4), 440–473.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13403
Retirement, Social Support and Mental Wellbeing: A Couple-level Analysis
Nathan Kettlewell, Jack Lam
published in: European Journal of Health Economics, 2022, 23, 511–535
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13182
Is Rising Household Debt Affecting Retirement Decisions?
Barbara A. Butrica, Nadia S Karamcheva
published in: Olivia Mitchell and Annamaria Lusardi (eds.), Remaking Retirement: Debt in an Aging Economy, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13153
Does Retirement Affect Voluntary Work Provision? Evidence from England, Ireland and the U.S.
Peter Eibich, Angelo Lorenti, Irene Mosca
published in: Labour Economics, 2020, 76, 102185
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13081
Do Public Program Benefits Crowd Out Private Transfers in Developing Countries? A Critical Review of Recent Evidence
Plamen Nikolov, Matthew Bonci
published in: World Development, 2020, 134, 104967
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13077
How People React to Pension Risk
Nicolás Salamanca, Andries de Grip, Olaf Sleijpen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13042
Public-Sector Compensation over the Life Cycle
Pedro Maia Gomes, Felix Wellschmied
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12993
Retirement, Intergenerational Time Transfers, and Fertility
Peter Eibich, Thomas Siedler
published in: European Economic Review, 2020, 124, 1-41
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12891
Working Life and Human Capital Investment: Causal Evidence from Pension Reform
Niklas Gohl, Peter Haan, Elisabeth Kurz, Felix Weinhardt
published in: Labour Economics 2023, 84, 102426
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12791
The Mental Health Effects of Retirement
Matteo Picchio, Jan C. van Ours
revised version published in: De Economist, 2020, 168, 419-452
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12790
Did Soviet Elderly Employment Respond to Financial Incentives? Evidence from Pension Reforms
Olga Malkova
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2020, 182, 104111
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12744
The Effect of Increasing the Early Retirement Age on Savings Behavior Before Retirement
Stefan Etgeton, Björn Fischer, Han Ye
published as 'The Effect of Increasing Retirement Age on Households' Savings and Consumption Expenditure' in: Journal of Public Economics, 2023, 221, 104845
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12656
Making Use of Home Equity: The Potential of Housing Wealth to Enhance Retirement Security
Jorge Miguel Bravo, Mercedes Ayuso, Robert Holzmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12604
Policy Uncertainty and Information Flows: Evidence from Pension Reform Expectations
Emanuele Ciani, Adeline Delavande, Ben Etheridge, Marco Francesconi
published in: Economic Journal, 2023, 133 (649), 98-129
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12546
Creative Destruction, Social Security Uptake and Union Networks
Harald Dale-Olsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12532
Do Private Household Transfers to the Elderly Respond to Public Pension Benefits? Evidence from Rural China
Plamen Nikolov, Alan Adelman
published in: Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 2019, 14, 100204
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12524
Do Pension Benefits Accelerate Cognitive Decline? Evidence from Rural China
Plamen Nikolov, Alan Adelman
updated version published as DP15742 . (published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2023, 205, 594 - 617).
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12497
Who Is a Passive Saver under Opt-In and Auto-Enrollment?
Gopi Shah Goda, Matthew R. Levy, Colleen Flaherty Manchester, Aaron Sojourner, Joshua Tasoff
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2020, 173, 301-321
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12299
Marital Status and Retirement: An Empirical Study for France
Karina Doorley, Elena G. F. Stancanelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12263
Behavioral Impediments to Valuing Annuities: Complexity and Choice Bracketing
Jeffrey R. Brown, Arie Kapteyn, Erzo F.P. Luttmer, Olivia S. Mitchell, Anya Samek
published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2021, 103 (3), 533–546.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12262
Voluntary Job Separations and Traditional versus Flexible Workplace Saving Plans: Evidence from Canada
Tony Fang, Derek Messacar
published in: Canadian Public Policy, 2019, 45 (2), 239-261.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12244
Endogenous Demographic Change, Retirement and Social Security
Giam Pietro Cipriani, Tamara Fioroni
published in: Macroeconomic Dynamics, 2021, 25 (3), 609-631
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12221
NDC: The Generic Old-Age Pension Scheme
Marek Góra, Edward Palmer
published in: Robert Holzmann, Edward Palmer, Robert Palacios, and Stefano Sacchi (eds.), Progress and Challenges of Nonfinancial Defined Pension, Vol. 1, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, Washington DC, 2020, 167 - 188
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12188
The Determinants of Retirement Planning within Couples in Ireland
Karina Doorley, Anne Nolan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12187
Financial Literacy and Preparation for Retirement
Anne Nolan, Karina Doorley
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11931
Institutional Reforms and an Incredible Rise in Old Age Employment
Regina T. Riphahn, Rebecca Schrader
published as 'Institutional Reforms of 2006 and the Dramatic Rise in Old-Age Employment in Germany' in: ILR Review, 2020, 73 (5), 1185-1225.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11896
A Regression Discontinuity Evaluation of Reducing Early Retirement Eligibility in Poland
Oliwia Komada, Pawel Strzelecki, Joanna Tyrowicz
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2019, 40 (2), 286-303
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11896
A Regression Discontinuity Evaluation of Reducing Early Retirement Eligibility in Poland
Oliwia Komada, Pawel Strzelecki, Joanna Tyrowicz
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2019, 40 (2), 286-303
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11851
Fatal Attraction? Extended Unemployment Benefits, Labor Force Exits, and Mortality
Andreas Kuhn, Stefan Staubli, Jean-Philippe Wuellrich, Josef Zweimüller
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2020, 191, 104087
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11846
The Betrayed Generation? Intra-Household Transfers and Retirement Behavior in South Korea
Kyeongkuk Kim, Sang-Hyop Lee, Timothy J. Halliday
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11832
Are Retirees More Satisfied? Anticipation and Adaptation Effects of Retirement on Subjective Well-Being: A Panel Analysis for Germany
Joachim Merz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11832
Are Retirees More Satisfied? Anticipation and Adaptation Effects of Retirement on Subjective Well-Being: A Panel Analysis for Germany
Joachim Merz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11831
The Effect of Pension Subsidies on Retirement Timing of Older Women: Evidence from a Regression Kink Design
Han Ye
published as 'The Effect of Pension Subsidies on the Retirement Timing of Older Women' in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2022, 20 (3), 1048 -1094
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11775
Social Security Incentives in Belgium: An Analysis of Four Decades of Change
Anne-Lore Fraikin, Alain Jousten, Mathieu Lefèbvre
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11762
Predicting Retirement Savings Using Survey Measures of Exponential-Growth Bias and Present Bias
Gopi Shah Goda, Matthew R. Levy, Colleen Flaherty Manchester, Aaron Sojourner, Joshua Tasoff
published in: Economic Inquiry, 2019, 57 (3), 1636 - 1658
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11728
Minimum Wages and Retirement
Mark Borgschulte, Heepyung Cho
published in: ILR Review, 2020, 73 (1), 153 - 177
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11727
Healthcare Utilization at Retirement: The Role of the Opportunity Cost of Time
Claudio Lucifora, Daria Vigani
published in: Health Economics, 2018, 27 (12), 2030-2050
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11664
Working Beyond 65 in Ireland
Anne Nolan, Alan Barrett
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11663
The Role of Self-Employment in Ireland's Older Workforce
Anne Nolan, Alan Barrett
published in: Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 2019, 14, 100201
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11620
Pension Reform: Disentangling Retirement and Savings Responses
Maarten Lindeboom, Raymond Montizaan
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2020, 192(3), 104297
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11618
Labor Market and Distributional Effects of an Increase in the Retirement Age
Johannes Geyer, Peter Haan, Anna Hammerschmid, Michael Peters
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11618
Labor Market and Distributional Effects of an Increase in the Retirement Age
Johannes Geyer, Peter Haan, Anna Hammerschmid, Michael Peters
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11538
Less Is Not More: Information Presentation Complexity and 401(k) Planning Choices
Eric Cardella, Charlene M. Kalenkoski, Michael Parent
published as 'Less is not more: 401(k) plan information and retirement planning choices' in: Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 2023, 22 (3), 331-351.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11481
Status and Progress in Cross-Border Portability of Social Security Benefits
Robert Holzmann, Jacques Wels
published in: International Social Security Review, 2020, 73(1), 65-107
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11441
On Welfare Effects of Increasing Retirement Age
Krzysztof Makarski, Joanna Tyrowicz
published in: Journal of Policy Modelling, 2019, 41 (4), 718 - 746
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