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The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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546 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17972
The T-Statistic Approach to Inference for Inequality Indices: The Issue of Grouping Variability
Nicolas Herault, Stephen P. Jenkins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17941
Self-Selection into Health Professions
Alessandro Fedele, Mirco Tonin, Daniel Wiesen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17921
The Managerial Labor Market and Gender Gaps in Beliefs About Own Ability
Tor Eriksson, Nina Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17851
The Impact of Labour Demand Shocks when Occupational Labour Supplies are Heterogeneous
Michael Johannes Böhm, Ben Etheridge, Aitor Irastorza-Fadrique
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17831
A Historical Note on the Assimilation Rates of Foreign-Born Men and Women in the U.S.
Harriet Duleep, Daniel J. Dowhan, Xingfei Liu, Mark Regets, Robert Gesumaria
forthcoming in: Research in Labor Economics.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17793
The Menopause “Penalty”
Gabriella Conti, Rita Ginja, Petra Persson, Barton Willage
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17777
Absence of Care Among Community-Living Older Persons with Dementia and Disabilities: A Cross-National Analysis of Population Survey from 22 Countries
Zhuoer Lin, Yuting Qian, Thomas M. Gill, Xiaohui Hou, Heather Allore, Shanquan Chen, Xi Chen
published in: Nature Aging, 2025, 5, 548–557
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17717
Explaining Stagnation in the College Wage Premium
Leila Bengali, Robert G. Valletta, Cindy Zhao
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17679
The Disability Pay Gap Within and Across Firms
John Forth, Melanie K. Jones
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17660
Youth Homelessness, Support Services, and Employment in England
Nick Drydakis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17643
Degrees of Deception: How Score Manipulation Mitigates Temperature's Impact on Student Performance
Rosario Maria Ballatore, Alessandro Palma, Daniela Vuri
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17620
The Economy, the Ghost in Your Gene and the Escape from Premature Mortality
Dora L. Costa, Lars Olov Bygren, Benedikt Graf, Martin Karlsson, Joseph Price
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17606
Do Stronger Employer Responsibilities Enhance Workplace Accommodation for Sick-Listed Workers? Evidence from a Dutch Reform
Laura Jansen, Viola Angelini, Max Groneck, Raun van Ooijen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17517
Financing, Ownership, and Performance: A Novel, Longitudinal Firm-Level Database
J. David Brown, Steven J. Davis, Lucia Foster, John C. Haltiwanger, John Sabelhaus
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17476
Heritability in the Labour Market: Evidence from Italian Twins
Sonia Brescianini, Lorenzo Cappellari, Daniele Checchi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17472
Small-Scale Farmers' Willingness to Pay for Information: A Comparison of Individual Purchase Decisions with Contributions to a Club Good
Michael Grimm, Nathalie Luck, Alia Bihrajihant Raya, Udit Sawhney
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17469
Job Training, English Language Skills, and Employability: Evidence from an Experiment in Urban India
Prashant Loyalka, Dinsha Mistree, Robert W. Fairlie, Saurabh Khanna
forthcoming in: Economic Development and Cultural Change
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17444
Lifting Barriers to Skill Transferability: Immigrant Integration through Occupational Recognition
Silke Anger, Jacopo Bassetto, Malte Sandner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17391
Family Planning and Ethnic Heritage: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Graziella Bertocchi, Arcangelo Dimico, Chiara Falco
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17321
Business Disruptions Due to Social Vulnerability and Criminal Activities in Urban Areas
Nick Drydakis
published in: Journal of Criminal Justice, 2024, 95, 102293
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17298
Income Effects of Disability Benefits
Sebastian Becker, Annica Gehlen, Johannes Geyer, Peter Haan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17290
Productivity Signals and Disability-Related Hiring Discrimination: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Armenak Antinyan, Ian Burn, Melanie K. Jones
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17288
Fetal Pollution Exposure, Cognitive Ability, and Gender-Specific Parental Investment
Xin Zhang, Yixuan Wang, Xingyi Hu, Xi Chen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17287
One Size Fits All? The Interplay of Incentives, Effort Provision, and Personality
Zvonimir Bašić, Stefania Bortolotti, Daniel Salicath, Stefan Schmidt, Sebastian O. Schneider, Matthias Sutter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17222
When Do Ordinal Ability Rank Effects Emerge? Evidence from the Timing of School Closures
Marco Bertoni, Saeideh Parkam
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17222
When Do Ordinal Ability Rank Effects Emerge? Evidence from the Timing of School Closures
Marco Bertoni, Saeideh Parkam
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17199
Benefits and Costs of Brain and Ability Drain
Maurice Schiff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17193
Sustaining Poverty Gains: A Vulnerability Map to Guide Social Policy
Oscar Barriga Cabanillas, Thomas Bossuroy, Paul Andres Corral Rodas, Carlos Rodriguez Castelan, Emmanuel Skoufias
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17187
Optimal Pre-analysis Plans: Statistical Decisions Subject to Implementability
Maximilian Kasy, Jann Spiess
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17168
How Cognitive Skills Affect Strategic Behavior: Cognitive Ability, Fluid Intelligence and Judgment
David Gill, Zachary Knepper, Victoria L. Prowse, Junya Zhou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17167
What Is Wrong with Ability-Tracking?
Hartmut Esser
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17153
Business Cycle Turning Points and Local Labour Markets
Karl Taylor, Soumya Bhadury, Jane Binner, Anandadeep Mandal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17078
Assessing Dishonesty in Cocoa Value Chains: Lab-in-the-Field Evidence from Middlemen in Côte D'Ivoire
Delphine Boutin, Marine Jouvin, Louis Olié
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17069
Health Shocks, Social Insurance, and Firms
Aniko Biro, István Boza, Attila Gyetvai, Daniel Prinz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17025
Returns to Education in Australia 2001-2022
Andrew Leigh
published in: Economic Papers, 2025, 44 (1), 62-76
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16948
The Political Economy of AI: Towards Democratic Control of the Means of Prediction
Maximilian Kasy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16939
COVID-19 and Political Preferences through Stages of the Pandemic: The Case of the Czech Republic
Alena Bičáková, Štepán Jurajda
published online as 'Political Preferences Through Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic' in: Political Research Quarterly, 12 March 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16887
Do Migrants Displace Native-Born Workers on the Labour Market? The Impact of Workers' Origin
Valentine Fays, Benoît Mahy, François Rycx
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16843
Parental Leave, Worker Substitutability, and Firms' Employment
Mathias Huebener, Jonas Jessen, Daniel Kühnle, Michael Oberfichtner
published in: Economic Journal, 2025, 135 (669), 1467–1495
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16821
Alternative Models of Preference Heterogeneity for Elicited Choice Probabilities
Nathan Kettlewell, Matthew J. Walker, Hong Il Yoo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16819
Behavioural Responses to Disability Insurance Generosity in a Work-Compatibility Setting
Francesca Zantomio, Michele Belloni, Vincenzo Carrieri, Elena Farina, Irene Simonetti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16816
Persistent Effects of Social Program Participation on the Third Generation
Gordon B. Dahl, Anne C. Gielen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16736
Lost in Transmission
Thomas W Graeber, Shakked Noy, Christopher Roth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16560
So, Dear Applicant, Do You Mean Working from Home or Shirking from Home?
Eline Moens, Elsy Verhofstadt, Luc Van Ootegem, Stijn Baert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16535
The Fundamental Properties, Stability and Predictive Power of Distributional Preferences
Ernst Fehr, Thomas Epper, Julien Senn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16421
Rainfall Variability and Labor Allocation in Uzbekistan: The Role of Women's Empowerment
Vladimir Otrachshenko, Olga Popova, Nargiza Alimukhamedova
published in: Post-Soviet Affairs, 2024, 40 (2), 119–138
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16411
The Growing Gap of Unmet Need: Assessing the Demand for, and Supply of, Home-Based Support for Older Adults with Disabilities in 31 Countries
Yuting Qian, Shanquan Chen, Zhuoer Lin, Zexuan Yu, Mengxiao Wang, Xiaohui Hou, Xi Chen
also available as 'Silver Opportunity : Case Studies - The Growing Gap of Unmet Need : Assessing the Demand for, and Supply of, Home-Based Support for Older Adults with Disabilities in Thirty-One Countries', World Bank Report, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16399
Is Patience Malleable via Educational Intervention? Evidence on the Role of Age in Field Experiments
Tim Kaiser, Lukas Menkhoff, Luis Oberrauch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16386
Housing Unaffordability and Adolescent Academic Achievement in Urban China
Peng Nie, Qiaoge Li, Lanlin Ding, Alfonso Sousa-Poza
published online in: Applied Economics, 21 August 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16376
The Growth of Disability Insurance in Belgium: Determinants and Policy Implications
Octave De Brouwer, Ilan Tojerow
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16306
Gambling Habits and Probability Judgements in a Bayesian Task Environment
David L. Dickinson, Parker Reid
revised version published in: Journal of Gambling Studies, 2025, 98, 95- 152
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16256
The Impact of Pension Reform on Employment, Retirement and Disability Insurance Claims
Erik Hernaes, Simen Markussen, John Piggott, Knut Røed
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2024, 37, 76
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16238
Maternity Benefits and Marital Stability after Birth: Evidence from the Soviet Baltic Republics
Elizabeth Brainerd, Olga Malkova
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2023, 36 (4), 2309-2345
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16235
Disability Insurance Screening and Worker Outcomes
Alexander Ahammer, Analisa Packham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16229
The Historical Impact of Coal on Cities
Karen Clay, Joshua Lewis, Edson Severnini
published in: Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2024, 107, 103951
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16217
Disability, Gender and Hiring Discrimination: A Field Experiment
Vegar Bjørnshagen, Dan-Olof Rooth, Elisabeth Ugreninov
published online in: European Societies, 01 January 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16192
Who Benefits from Tuition-Free, Top-Quality Universities? Evidence from Brazil
Suzanne Duryea, Rafael Perez Ribas, Breno Sampaio, Gustavo R. Sampaio, Giuseppe Trevisan
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2023, 96, 102423
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16180
Overconfident Boys: The Gender Gap in Mathematics Self-Assessment
Anna Adamecz, John Jerrim, Jean-Baptiste Pingault, Nikki Shure
published as 'Peers, parents, and self-perceptions: the gender gap in mathematics self-assessment' in: Journal of Population Economics, 2025, 38, 33 (2025)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16109
Swallow This: Childhood and Adolescent Exposure to Fast Food Restaurants, BMI, and Cognitive Ability
Sara Abrahamsson, Aline Bütikofer, Krzysztof Karbownik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16100
Disability and Labor Market Performance
Matthias Collischon, Karolin Hiesinger, Laura Pohlan
revised version published online as 'Disability Onset and Labor Market Outcomes ' in: Socio-Economic Review, 10 April 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16052
Social Inclusion and Levels of Urbanisation: Does It Matter Where You Live?
Adele Whelan, Anne Devlin, Seamus McGuinness
revised version published as 'Barriers to social inclusion and levels of urbanisation: Does it matter where you live?' in: Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 2024, 17 (1), 59 - 74
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16027
Accounting For Individual-Specific Reliability of Self-Assessed Measures of Economic Preferences and Personality Traits
Thomas Dohmen, Tomáš Jagelka
published in: Journal of Political Economy Microeconomics, 2024, 23, 399–462
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16004
Trends in Gender and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Physical Disability and Social Support among U.S. Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment Living Alone, 2000–2018
Shanquan Chen, Huanyu Zhang, Benjamin R. Underwood, Dan Wang, Xi Chen, Rudolf N. Cardinal
published in: Innovation in Aging, 2023, 7 (4), igad028
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15992
Changing Tracks: Human Capital Investment after Loss of Ability
Anders Humlum, Jakob R. Munch, Pernille Plato
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15960
Guilt Aversion in (New) Games: Does Partners' Payoff Vulnerability Matter?
Giuseppe Attanasi, Claire Rimbaud, Marie Claire Villeval
revised version published in: Games and Economic Behavior, 2023, 142, 690-717
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15951
Foreign Physicians: Discriminatory Patient Preferences and Doctor Availability
Brigham Walker, Janna Wisniewski, Sarah Tinkler, Miron Stano, Rajiv Sharma
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2024, 228, 106813
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15932
The Employment Effects of the Disability Education Gap in Europe
Maciej Albinowski, Iga Magda, Agata Rozszczypała
published online in: Education Economics, 29 September 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15928
Selective Exercise of Discretion in Disability Insurance Awards
Pilar Garcia-Gomez, Pierre Koning, Owen O'Donnell, Carlos Riumallo Herl
published in: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2025, 44 (3), 816-835
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15835
In Need of a Roof: Pandemic and Housing Vulnerability
Kusum Mundra, Ruth Uwaifo Oyelere
published in: Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy, 2024, 7, 27 - 44
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15797
The Effects of Employers' Disability and Unemployment Insurance Costs on Benefit Inflows
Tomi Kyyrä, Juha Tuomala
published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 85, 102434
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15758
Are Retirement Planning Tools Substitutes or Complements to Financial Capability?
Gopi Shah Goda, Matthew R. Levy, Colleen Flaherty Manchester, Aaron Sojourner, Joshua Tasoff, Jiusi Xiao
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2023, 214, 561-573
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15755
Telework during the Pandemic: Patterns, Challenges, and Opportunities for People with Disabilities
Mason Ameri, Douglas L. Kruse, So Ri Park, Yana van der Meulen Rodgers, Lisa Schur
published in: Disability and Health Journal, 2023, 16 (2), 101406
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15754
The Uneven Effect of COVID School Closures: Parents in Teleworkable vs. Non-teleworkable Occupations
Ainoa Aparicio Fenoll
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15726
The Effects of a Disability Employment Quota When Compliance Is Cheaper than Defiance
Judit Krekó, Álmos Telegdy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15712
The Distribution of Ambiguity Attitudes
Hans-Martin von Gaudecker, Axel Wogrolly, Christian Zimpelmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15699
The Heterogeneous Response of Real Estate Asset Prices to a Global Shock
Sandro Heiniger, Winfried Koeniger, Michael Lechner
revised version published online as 'The heterogeneous response of real estate prices during the Covid-19 pandemic' in: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society, 27 August 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15634
The Effect of Labor Market Shocks across the Life Cycle
Kjell G. Salvanes, Barton Willage, Alexander Willén
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2024, 42 (1), 121–160
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15631
Opening the Labor Market to Qualified Immigrants in Absence of Linguistic Barriers
Nicolò Gatti, Fabrizio Mazzonna, Raphaël Parchet, Giovanni Pica
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15628
Old-Age Unemployment and Labor Supply: An Application to Belgium
Octave De Brouwer, Ilan Tojerow
published in: Empirical Economics, 2024, 67, 253 - 587
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15586
P-Hacking, Data Type and Data-Sharing Policy
Abel Brodeur, Nikolai Cook, Carina Neisser
published in: Economic Journal, 2024, 134 (659), 985-1018
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15579
Privatizing Disability Insurance
Arthur Seibold, Sebastian Seitz, Sebastian Siegloch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15528
Patterns, Determinants, and Consequences of Ability Tracking: Evidence from Texas Public Schools
Kate Antonovics, Sandra E. Black, Julie Berry Cullen, Akiva Yonah Meiselman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15441
Challenging Encounters and Within-Physician Practice Variability
Gabriel Chodick, Yoav Goldstein, Ity Shurtz, Dan Zeltzer
published online in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 15 March 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15386
How Does Job Coaching Help Disability Insurance Recipients Work While on Claim?
Sébastien Fontenay, Ilan Tojerow
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2025, 100, 102958
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15377
Take-up and Labor Supply Responses to Disability Insurance Earnings Limits
Judit Krekó, Daniel Prinz, Andrea Weber
published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 89, 102583
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15364
College Openings and Local Economic Development
Francesco Berlingieri, Christina Gathmann, Matthias Quinckhardt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15305
Housing Unaffordability and Adolescent Subjective Well-Being in China
Peng Nie, Qiaoge Li, Alfonso Sousa-Poza
published online in: Applied Economics, 21 August 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15277
Television Market Size and Political Accountability in the US House of Representatives
Patrick Balles, Ulrich Matter, Alois Stutzer
revised version published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2023, 80, 102459
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15275
Strategic Complexity and the Value of Thinking
David Gill, Victoria L. Prowse
published in: Economic Journal, 2023, 133 (650), 761–786,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15266
The Relationship between Cognitive Ability and Risk Preferences in a Developing Nation: Findings from the Field
Ali Moghaddasi Kelishomi, Daniel Sgroi
published in: Economics Letters, 2022, 216, 110576
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15257
Peers Affect Personality Development
Xiaoyue Shan, Ulf Zölitz
published online in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 28 January 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15180
Automation and the Changing Nature of Work
Cecily Josten, Grace Lordan
published in: PLoS ONE, 2022, 17 (5), e0266326
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15173
Why Do Temporary Workers Have Higher Disability Insurance Risks Than Permanent Workers?
Pierre Koning, Paul Muller, Roger Prudon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15164
Workers' Moral Hazard and Insurer Effort in Disability Insurance
Pierre Koning, Max van Lent
published in: Journal of Risk and Insurance, 2024, 91 (4), 1049 - 1088
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15157
Tracking When Ranking Matters
Fanny Landaud, Eric Maurin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15114
The Long-Run Impacts of Adolescent Drinking: Evidence from Zero Tolerance Laws
Tatiana Abboud, Andriana Bellou, Joshua Lewis
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2024, 231, 105066
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15096
Improving the Availability of Unrelated Stem Cell Donors: Evidence from a Major Donor Registry
Michael Haylock, Patrick Kampkötter, Mario Macis, Jürgen Sauter, Susanne Seitz, Robert Slonim, Daniel Wiesen, Alexander H. Schmidt
published online in: American Journal of Health Economics, 2024.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15094
Early Life Access to Polio Vaccines and Declining Disability Rates in India
Mayanka Ambade, Nidhiya Menon, S. V. Subramanian
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15092
American Older Adults in the Time of COVID-19: Vulnerability Types, Aging Attitudes, and Emotional Responses
Mingqi Fu, Jing Guo, Xi Chen, Boxun Han, Farooq Ahmed, Muhammad Shahid, Qilin Zhang
published in: Frontiers in Public Health, 2022, 9, 778084
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15071
To Work or Not to Work? Effects of Temporary Public Employment on Future Employment and Benefits
Eva Mörk, Lillit Ottosson, Ulrika Vikman
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