The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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17,968 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17975
A New Equilibrium: COVID-19 Lockdowns and WFH Persistence
Laura Ketter, Todd Morris, Lizi Yu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17974
The Right Timing Matters: Sensitive Periods in the Formation of Socio-Emotional Skills
Laura Breitkopf, Shyamal Chowdhury, Daniel A. Kamhöfer, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch, Matthias Sutter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17973
Assessing the Statistical Significance of Inequality Differences: The Problem of Heavy Tails
Nicolas Herault, Stephen P. Jenkins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17972
The T-Statistic Approach to Inference for Inequality Indices: The Issue of Grouping Variability
Nicolas Herault, Stephen P. Jenkins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17971
Mortgage Market Structure and the Transmission of Monetary Policy During the Great Inflation
Aaron Hedlund, Kieran Larkin, Kurt Mitman, Serdar Ozkan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17970
Knockin’ on Employment’s Door: The Power of Caseworker Beliefs on Job and Health Outcomes for the Long-Term Unemployed
Søren Albeck Nielsen, Michael Rosholm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17969
A Matter of Time? Measuring Effects of Public Schooling Expansions on Families
Chloe Gibbs, Jocelyn Wikle, Riley Wilson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17968
Polycrisis in Agrifood Systems: Climate-Conflict Interactions and Labor Dynamics for Women and Youth in 21 African Countries
Wolfgang Stojetz, Carlo Azzarri, Erdgin Mane, Tilman Brück
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17967
Spousal Bereavement and Long-Term Care Needs of Older Chinese Adults
Peng Nie, Bin Zhang, Lanlin Ding, Alfonso Sousa-Poza
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17966
Innovator Networks Within the Firm and the Quality of Innovation
Michael Gibbs, Friederike Mengel, Christoph Siemroth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17965
Career, Family, and IVF: The Impact of Involuntary Childlessness and Fertility Treatment
Fabio I. Martinenghi, Maryam Naghsh Nejad
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17964
Early Withdrawal of Retirement Savings After a Severe Health Shock: Evidence from Linked Administrative Data
Thomas Longden, Maryam Naghsh Nejad
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17963
Education and Earnings in Arkansas
Harry Anthony Patrinos, Angelica Rivera-Olvera
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17962
Voting Among Siblings
Michael D. Bloem, John B. Holbein, Samuel J. Imlay, Jonathan Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17961
Blowin’ in the Wind: Smog and Suicidal Ideation among School-Age Children
Xin Zhang, Xi Chen, Hong Sun, Yuanjian Yang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17960
Do Better Journals Publish Better Estimates?
David Slichter, Nhan Tran
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17959
The Rises and Falls of Piecework-Timework Pay Differentials. UK Engineering and Metal Working Industries, 1926–1965.
Robert A. Hart, J. Elizabeth Roberts
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17958
Welfare Programs and Crime Spillovers
David Carson Jinkins, Elira Kuka, Claudio Labanca
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17957
When Parents Work from Home
Pascal Achard, Michèle Belot, Arnaud Chevalier
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17956
Sorting in the Marriage Market: A New Approach to Measuring Assortative Mating
Jeongwon Choi, Jinyoung Kim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17955
Renewable Energy Consumption and International Trade: Does Climate Policy Stringency Matter?
Ridha Nouira, Leila Ben Salem, Sami Saafi, Christophe Rault
revised version forthcoming in: Energy Policy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17954
Contraceptive Concordance
Sarah Vincent, Catalina Herrera-Almanza, S Anukriti, Mahesh Karra
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17953
Teacher Gender Effects on Students’ Socio-Emotional Skills
Greta Morando, Sonkurt Sen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17952
Preferences and the Puzzle of Female Labor Force Participation
Mahdi Majbouri
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17951
Correcting Beliefs About Job Opportunities and Wages: A Field Experiment on Education Choices
Bart K. de Koning, Didier Fouarge, Robert Dur
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17950
Monetary Policy in Currency Unions with Unequal Countries
Lukas Boehnert, Sergio de Ferra, Kurt Mitman, Federica Romei
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17949
The Distributional Effects of Oil Shocks
Tobias Broer, John Kramer, Kurt Mitman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17948
The Untold Story of Internal Migration in Germany: Life-Cycle Patterns, Developments, and the Role of Education
Anton Barabasch, Kamila Cygan-Rehm, Guido Heineck, Sebastian Vogler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17947
Intended College Major Choice and the Inheritance of Majors
Giorgio Brunello, Francesco Campo, Elisabetta Lodigiani, Martina Miotto, Lorenzo Rocco
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17946
Seeing It in a New Light: Do Cross-Disciplinary Comparisons Make Learning Economic and Financial Concepts Click?
Stefani Milovanska-Farrington, Olivier LaForge, Jennifer Burton
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17945
Incentives for Retrieval Practice and Exam Performance of College Students
Fady Mansour, Stefani Milovanska-Farrington, Nour Kattih, Mohammed Saeed
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17944
Racial Representation among Academics and Students’ Academic and Labor Market Outcomes
Angus J. Holford, Sonkurt Sen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17943
Weathering the Storms? Minimum-Income Benefits as a Crisis Response
Herwig Immervoll, Felizia Pasteiner
also available in: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers series
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17942
The Value of a Park in Crises: Quantifying the Health and Wellbeing Benefits of Green Spaces Using Exogenous Variations in Use Values
Christian Krekel, Jan Goebel, Katrin Rehdanz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17941
Self-Selection into Health Professions
Alessandro Fedele, Mirco Tonin, Daniel Wiesen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17940
The Debt Burden of Job Loss in a Nordic Welfare State
Terhi Maczulskij, Ohto Kanninen, Hannu Karhunen, Ossi Tahvonen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17939
The Effect of Raising School Quality on Earnings
Harry Anthony Patrinos, George Psacharopoulos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17938
The Effects of Exposure to a Large-Scale Recession on Higher Education and Early Labor Market Outcomes
Eleanor J. Choi, Jisoo Hwang, Hyelim Son
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17937
Heterogeneous Effects of a Teacher Strike on Education and Labor Market Outcomes
Henrika Langen, Liisa Laine
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17936
The Labor Supply Curve is Upward Sloping: The Labor Market Effects of Immigrant-Induced Demand Shocks
Sigurd Galaasen, Andreas Ravndal Kostøl, Joan Monras, Jonathan Vogel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17935
Which Macroeconomic News Matters for Price-Setting?
Lukas Hack, Davud Rostam-Afschar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17934
The Inequality and Mobility of Exposure to European Soviet Communism
Joan Costa-Font, Anna Nicinska, Melcior Rossello Roig
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17933
Tourism and Growth in the Local Labor Market
Laura Conti, Marco Francesconi, Giulio Papini, Michel Serafinelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17932
Well-Being, Isolation, and Lockdowns in the UK
José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina, Jorge Velilla
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17931
Anchoring Effects in the Elicitation of Multidimensional Beliefs: Evidence from a Representative Survey Experiment
Philipp Lergetporer, Thomas Rittmannsberger, Katharina Werner, Helen Zeidler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17930
Breaking the Early Bell: Lessons from the First Statewide Mandate on School Start Times
Jialu Dou, Rania Gihleb, Osea Giuntella, Jakub Lonsky
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17929
The Work-Habit Premium: How Daily Routines Predict CEO Remuneration in the S&P 500
Michael Jan Kendzia, Cyrill Diaz de la Rosa, Jeremy Dela Cruz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17928
Is the Gig Economy a Stepping Stone for Refugees? Evidence from Administrative Data
Felix Degenhardt, Jan Sebastian Nimczik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17927
Does Education Improve Financial Outcomes? Evidence from Stock Market and Retirement Accounts in Türkiye
Abdurrahman B. Aydemir, Yasar Ersan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17926
Migration to Australia, the Transition from Sail to Steam, and the SS Great Britain
Timothy J. Hatton
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17925
The Impact of Mining-Induced Earthquakes on Mental Health: Evidence from the Dutch Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank
Ailun Shui, Gerard J. van den Berg, Jochen O. Mierau, Laura Viluma
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17924
Coming of Age: The Hidden Health Costs of Legal Age Limits
Petri Böckerman, Mika Haapanen, Christopher Jepsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17923
Consumption Responses to a Major Minimum Wage Increase: Evidence from Spain
Ignacio González, Hector Sala, Pedro Trivín
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17922
Who You Gonna Call? Gender Inequality in External Demands for Parental Involvement
Kristy Buzard, Laura Katherine Gee, Olga B. Stoddard
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17921
The Managerial Labor Market and Gender Gaps in Beliefs About Own Ability
Tor Eriksson, Nina Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17920
Women Political Leaders as Agents of Environmental Change
Inés Berniell, Mariana Marchionni, Julián Pedrazzi, Mariana Viollaz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17919
Inflation, Expectations and Monetary Policy: What Have We Learned and to What End?
Olivier Coibion, Yuriy Gorodnichenko
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17918
Only-Child Parents and the Language Cognitive Ability of Their Children in China
Hui Xu, Zheyuan Zhang, Zhong Zhao
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17917
Remote Work, Employee Mix, and Performance
Cevat Giray Aksoy, Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Victoria Marino, Cem Özgüzel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17916
Motherhood and Informality: Empirical Evidence from Russia
Arlan Musayir, Reza Arabsheibani
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17915
COVID-19 and Subjective Well-Being in the United States: Age Matters
Younghwan Song
forthcoming in: Journal of Happiness Studies, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17914
DACA’s Uncertain Path: How Policy Threats Reshape Economic and Social Gains for Recipients
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Chunbei Wang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17913
The Heterogeneous Effects of Large and Small Minimum Wage Changes on Hours Worked: Evidence Using a Partially Pre-Committed Analysis Plan
Jeffrey Clemens, Michael R. Strain
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17912
Beyond Time: Unveiling the Invisible Burden of Mental Load
Francesca Barigozzi, Pietro Biroli, Chiara Monfardini, Natalia Montinari, Elena Pisanelli, Sveva Vitellozzi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17911
Gender Norms and Female Labor Supply: Evidence from Export Shocks in Vietnam
Quynh Huynh, Hyejin Ku
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17910
The Effect of Abortion Policies on Fertility and Human Capital in Sub-Saharan Africa
Arcangelo Dimico
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17909
Shining a Light on Resilience: Overcoming Hurricane Odile’s Impact on Electricity and the Economy
Lisa Bagnoli, Lucía Delgado, Jerónimo Luza, Oscar A. Mitnik, Clara Pasman, Tomás Serebrisky
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17908
Persisting Disadvantages: A Study of the Dynamics of Cumulative Deprivation
Santiago Budría, César García-Gómez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17907
Resilience in the Wake of Disaster: The Role of Social Capital in Mitigating Long-Term Well-Being Losses
Santiago Budría, Alejandro Betancourt-Odio, Marlene Fonseca
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17906
‘Based on Admin Data!’: How Administrative Data Fosters Young Economists’ Career
Anthony Lepinteur, Roberto Nistico
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17905
Advising Job Seekers in Occupations with Poor Prospects: A Field Experiment
Michèle Belot, Bart K. de Koning, Didier Fouarge, Philipp Kircher, Paul Muller, Sandra Philippen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17904
Meaning at Work
Nava Ashraf, Oriana Bandiera, Virginia Minni, Luigi Zingales
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17903
Empowerment Paradox? The Long-Run Impact of a Cycling Program for Girls in Zambia
Ana Garcia-Hernandez, Nishith Prakash, Janina Isabel Steinert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17902
Enrollment Declines and Permanent Closures in Public Schools
Sofoklis Goulas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17901
From Ethnic Prejudice to Employment Discrimination: The Role of Small Firms as Mediators
Gabor Kertesi, János Köllő, Róbert Károlyi, Lajos Tamás Szabó
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17900
The Green Path: FDI’s Influence on Asia’s Sustainable Economic Growth
Anh Le Ngoc, Almas Heshmati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17899
The Genetic Lottery Goes to School: Better Schools Compensate for the Effects of Students’ Genetic Differences
Rosa Cheesman, Nicolai T. Borgen, Astrid Marie Jorde Sandsor, Paul Hufe
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17898
Understanding Distributional Impacts of Carbon Pricing – Insights from Comparative Analysis
Herwig Immervoll, Jules Linden, Cathal O'Donoghue, Denisa Maria Sologon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17897
Gene x Environment Interactions: Polygenic Scores and the Impact of an Early Childhood Intervention in Colombia
Orazio Attanasio, Gabriella Conti, Pamela Jervis, Costas Meghir, Aysu Okbay
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17896
Multidimensional Skills on LinkedIn Profiles: Measuring Human Capital and the Gender Skill Gap
David Dorn, Florian Schoner, Moritz Seebacher, Lisa Simon, Ludger Woessmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17895
An Overworked Leave? Health Care Workforce Effects of Brexit
Joan Costa-Font, Cristina Vilaplana-Prieto
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17894
The Impact of Physician-Patient Gender Match on Healthcare Quality: An Experiment in China
Yafei Si, Gang Chen, Zhongliang Zhou, Winnie Yip, Xi Chen
published online in: Social Science & Medicine, 10 May 2025,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17893
Parental Leave from the Firm’s Perspective
Gozde Corekcioglu, Marco Francesconi, Astrid Kunze
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17892
Belief Updating About Moral Norms: Does Group Identity Matter?
David L. Dickinson, Marie Claire Villeval
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17891
Manufacturing 'Economics' Minds: Ideology, Authority, and Economics Education
Mohsen Javdani, Ha-Joon Chang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17890
The Poverty Effectiveness of Social Security Benefits in Türkiye
Zeynep Gizem Can, Cathal O'Donoghue
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17889
Adjusters and Casualties: The Anatomy of Labor Market Displacement
Eric A. Hanushek, Simon Janssen, Jacob D. Light, Lisa Simon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17888
Identity Under Scrutiny: Media Attention and Rule Compliance
Sulin Sardoschau, Giorgio Gulino, Federico Masera
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17887
How Organized Is the Informal Sector? The Role of Business Associations in Microenterprises in West Africa
Clement Joubert, Kathleen Beegle
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17886
Participation in Pension Programs in Low and Middle Income Countries
John T. Giles, Clement Joubert, Tomoaki Tanaka
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17885
The Impact of Refugees on Crime: Evidence from Syrian Influx in Türkiye by Nativity of Perpetrators and Victims
Abdurrahman B. Aydemir, Abdullah Selim Öztek
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17884
Talk Therapy and Human Capital in Adolescence: Evidence from a Low-Resource Setting
Eric V. Edmonds, Priya Mukherjee, Nikhilesh Prakash, Nishith Prakash, Shwetlena Sabarwal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17883
Women’s Mobility and Labor Supply: Experimental Evidence from Pakistan
Robert Garlick, Erica Field, Kate Vyborny
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17882
Understanding Firm Dynamics with Daily Data
Lukas Hack, Davud Rostam-Afschar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17881
Do Financial Incentives for Training and Caseworker Meetings Enhance Re-Employment?
Tomi Kyyrä, Jouko Kullervo Verho
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17880
What Economists Should Know About the 340B Drug Discounting Program
Charles Courtemanche, Joseph Garuccio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17879
Improving First-Generation College Students’ Education and Employment Outcomes: Effects of a Targeted Scholarship Program
Gopinath Annadurai, Soham Sahoo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17878
Estimating the Green Wage Premium
Wenjing Kuai, Robert J. R. Elliott, Toshihiro Okubo, Ceren Ozgen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17877
Gender Differences in Performance Evaluations
Katja Görlitz, Tim Sels
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17876
Life Cycle Saving in a High-Informality Setting
Clement Joubert, Priyanka Kanth
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