Discussion Papers

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18633

Credit Supply, Firms, and Earnings Inequality

Christian Moser, Farzad Saidi, Benjamin Wirth, Stefanie Wolter

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18051

Contractual Minimum Wages and Collective Bargaining: Italian Evidence from Forty Years of Data

Bernardo Fanfani

forthcoming in: Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 2026

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17704

Why Firms Lay Off Workers Instead of Cutting Wages: Evidence from Linked Survey-Administrative Data

Antoine Bertheau, Marianna Kudlyak, Birthe Larsen, Morten Bennedsen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17421

Short-Time Work Extensions

Christina Brinkmann, Simon Jäger, Moritz Kuhn, Farzad Saidi, Stefanie Wolter

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17079

Why Wages Don't Fall in Jobs with Incomplete Contracts

Marco Fongoni, Daniel Schaefer, Carl Singleton

published in: Management Science, 2025, 71(8), 6319-6339.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16888

How Cyclical Is the User Cost of Labor?

Marianna Kudlyak

published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2024, 28 (2), 159–180

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16684

The Asymmetric Effect of Wage Floors: A Natural Experiment with a Rising and Falling Minimum Wage

Emiliano Huet-Vaughn, Jon Piqueras

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16512

Downward Rigidity in the Wage for New Hires

Jonathon Hazell, Bledi Taska

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16481

Bonus Question: Does Flexible Incentive Pay Dampen Unemployment Dynamics?

Meghana Gaur, John Grigsby, Jonathon Hazell, Abdoulaye Ndiaye

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16351

Sticky Wages on the Layoff Margin

Steven J. Davis, Pawel M. Krolikowski

published in: American Economic Review, 2025, 115 (2), 491 - 524

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16121

A Theory of Non-Coasean Labor Markets

Andrés Blanco, Andres Drenik, Christian Moser, Emilio Zaratiegui

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16024

The Quality-Adjusted Cyclical Price of Labor

Mark Bils, Marianna Kudlyak, Paulo Lins

published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2023, 42 (S1), S13–S59

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15801

Staggered Contracts and Unemployment during Recessions

Effrosyni Adamopoulou, Luis Díez-Catalán, Ernesto Villanueva

published online in: Journal of Monetary Economics, 24 September 2025, 103830

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13454

An Efficiency-Wage Model with Habit Concerns about Wages

Laszlo Goerke

published as 'Habit Formation and Wage Determination' in: Managerial and Decision Economics, 2021, 42 (1), 61-76

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12125

How Prevalent Is Downward Rigidity in Nominal Wages? International Evidence from Payroll Records and Pay Slips

Michael Elsby, Gary Solon

published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2019, 33 (3), 185–201

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12124

How Prevalent Is Downward Rigidity in Nominal Wages? Evidence from Payroll Records in Washington State

Ekaterina Jardim, Gary Solon, Jacob Vigdor

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11504

Downward Real Wage Rigidity and Equal Treatment Wage Contracts: Theory and Evidence

Andy Snell, Heiko Stüber, Jonathan P. Thomas

published in: Review of Economic Dynamics, 2018, 30, 265-284

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10669

Wage Rigidities in Colombia: Measurement, Causes, and Policy Implications

Sonia A. Agudelo, Hector Sala

published in: Journal of Policy Modeling, 2017, 39 (3), 547-567

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10657

Evolving Wage Cyclicality in Latin America

Luca Gambetti, Julián Messina

published in: World Bank Economic Review, 2018, (323), 709-726.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10597

The Perfect Storm: Graduating in a Recession in a Segmented Labor Market

Daniel Fernández-Kranz, Núria Rodríguez-Planas

published in: Industrial Labor Relations Review, 2018, 71 (2), 492-524

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10510

Upward Nominal Wage Rigidity

Paulo Guimaraes, Fernando Martins, Pedro Portugal

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10205

Can Overtime Premium Flexibility Promote Employment? Firm- and Worker-Level Evidence from a Labour Law Reform

Pedro S. Martins

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10066

Wage Flexibility and Employment Fluctuations: Evidence from the Housing Sector

Jörn-Steffen Pischke

published in: Economics, 2018, 85 (339), 407 - 427

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9578

Are Starting Wages Reduced by an Insurance Premium for Preventing Wage Decline? Testing the Prediction of Harris and Holmstrom (1982)

Joop Hartog, Pedro Raposo

published in: Labour Economics, 2017, 48, 105-119

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9469

Real Wage Cyclicality in the Eurozone Before and During the Great Recession: Evidence from Micro Data

Gregory Verdugo

published in: European Economic Review, 2016, 82, 46-69

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8943

Unions and Collective Bargaining in the Wake of the Great Recession

John T. Addison, Pedro Portugal, Hugo Vilares

revised version published as 'Unions and Collective Bargaining in the Wake of the Great Recession: Evidence from Portugal' in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2017, 55(3), 551-576.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8806

Bargaining and Wage Rigidity in a Matching Model for the US

James Malcomson, Sophocles Mavroeidis

published in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2017, 79 (6), 997-1017

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8540

30,000 Minimum Wages: The Economic Effects of Collective Bargaining Extensions

Pedro S. Martins

published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2021, 59(2), 335–369

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8417

How Selective Are Real Wage Cuts? A Micro-Analysis Using Linked Employer-Employee Data

Boris Hirsch, Thomas Zwick

published in: Labour, 2015, 29 (4), 327-347

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7670

Catastrophic Job Destruction

Anabela Carneiro, Pedro Portugal, José Varejão

published as 'Catastrophic job Destruction during the Portuguese Economic Crisis' in: Journal of Macroeconomics, 2014, 39 (Part B), 444-457

IZA Discussion Paper No. 6799

Fairness Considerations in Labor Union Wage Setting: A Theoretical Analysis

Matthias Strifler, Thomas Beissinger

published in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2016, 63 (3), 303-330

IZA Discussion Paper No. 5835

Wage Rigidity, Collective Bargaining and the Minimum Wage: Evidence from French Agreement Data

Sanvi Avouyi-Dovi, Denis Fougère, Erwan Gautier

published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2013, 95 (4), 1337-1351

IZA Discussion Paper No. 5778

Wage Rigidity and Disinflation in Emerging Countries

Julián Messina, Anna Sanz-de-Galdeano

published in: American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2014, 6 (1), 102-133

IZA Discussion Paper No. 5126

Does Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity Dampen Wage Increases?

Heiko Stüber, Thomas Beissinger

published in: European Economic Review, 2012, 56 (4), 870-887

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4059

Sequential Bargaining in a New-Keynesian Model with Frictional Unemployment and Staggered Wage Negotiation

Gregory De Walque, Olivier Pierrard, Henri R. Sneessens, Raf Wouters

published in: Annales d’économie et de statistique, 2009, 95-96, 221-250

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3923

Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity in Services: Direct Evidence from a Firm Survey

Daniel Radowski, Holger Bonin

published in: Economics Letters, 2010, 106 (3), 227-229

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3714

Wage Rigidity and Job Creation

Christian Haefke, Marcus Sonntag, Thijs van Rens

published in: Journal of Monetary Economics, 2013, 60, 887 - 899.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3655

On Reputation: A Microfoundation of Contract Enforcement and Price Rigidity

Ernst Fehr, Martin Brown, Christian Zehnder

published in: Economic Journal, 2009, 119 (536), 333 - 353

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3365

Preferences for Collective versus Individualised Wage Setting

Tito Boeri, Michael C. Burda

published in Economic Journal, 2009, 119, 1440-1463.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2929

Heterogeneity in Real Wage Cyclicality

Pedro S. Martins

published in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 54(5), 684-698, 2007

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2528

Nominal Wage Rigidities in a New Keynesian Model with Frictional Unemployment

Vincent Bodart, Gregory De Walque, Olivier Pierrard, Henri R. Sneessens, Raf Wouters

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2487

How Wages Change: Micro Evidence from the International Wage Flexibility Project

William T. Dickens, Lorenz Götte, Erica L. Groshen, Steinar Holden, Julián Messina, Mark E. Schweitzer, Jarkko Turunen, Melanie E. Ward-Warmedinger

published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2007, 21 (2), 195-214

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2487

How Wages Change: Micro Evidence from the International Wage Flexibility Project

William T. Dickens, Lorenz Götte, Erica L. Groshen, Steinar Holden, Julián Messina, Mark E. Schweitzer, Jarkko Turunen, Melanie E. Ward-Warmedinger

published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2007, 21 (2), 195-214

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2116

Wage Rigidity or Fiscal Redistribution? The Unemployment Bias of Time Consistent Redistributive Policies

Etienne Lehmann

revised version published as 'Manon Domingues dos santos and Etienne Lehmann, 'Wage Rigidity or Fiscal Redistribution: The credibility Issue' in: Economics Bulletin, 2012, 32 (4), 2801-2807

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2017

Reasons for Wage Rigidity in Germany

Wolfgang Franz, Friedhelm Pfeiffer

published in: Labour, 2006, 20 (2), 255-284

IZA Discussion Paper No. 1902

The Impact of Labor Markets on the Transmission of Monetary Policy in an Estimated DSGE Model

Kai Christoffel, Keith Kuester, Tobias Linzert

IZA Discussion Paper No. 1896

The Role of Real Wage Rigidity and Labor Market Frictions for Unemployment and Inflation Dynamics

Kai Christoffel, Tobias Linzert

published in: Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2010, 42 (7), 1435-1446

IZA Discussion Paper No. 1895

Do Emotions Improve Labor Market Outcomes?

Lorenz Götte, David B. Huffman

published in: Vohs, K.D, Baumeister, R.F; Loewenstein, G. (eds.): Do emotions help or hurt decision making? A Hedgefoxian Perspective, New York, Sage, 2007

IZA Discussion Paper No. 1871

Tarifpolitik und Entgeltflexibilität in Ostdeutschland

Holger Bonin

published in: Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung / Journal for Labour Market Research, 2005, 38 (2-3), 147-164

IZA Discussion Paper No. 1523

Downward Wage Rigidity and Labour Mobility

Thomas Cornelissen, Olaf Hübler

published in: Empirical Economics, 2008, 34(2), 205-230