IZA Discussion Papers

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17926

Migration to Australia, the Transition from Sail to Steam, and the SS Great Britain

Timothy J. Hatton

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17875

Wage Profiles in STEM and Non-STEM Careers

Michael Alexeev, Yevgenia Chernina, Vladimir Gimpelson, Darya Zinchenko

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17846

Firm-Level Technology Adoption in Times of Crisis

Melanie Arntz, Michael Johannes Böhm, Georg Graetz, Terry Gregory, Florian Lehmer, Cäcilia Lipowski

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17779

A Twin Transition or a Policy Flagship? Emergent Constellations and Dominant Blocks in Green and Digital Technologies

Linnea Nelli, Maria Enrica Virgillito, Marco Vivarelli

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17753

Technological Change and the Upskilling of European Workers

Seamus McGuinness, Paul Redmond, Konstantinos Pouliakas, Lorcan Kelly, Luke Brosnan

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17747

Religion and Economic Development: Past, Present, and Future

Sascha O. Becker, Amma Panin, Steven Pfaff, Jared Rubin

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17746

Artificial Intelligence and Labor Market Transformations in Latin America

Pablo Egana-delSol, Claudio Bravo-Ortega

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17686

New Technologies and Employment: The State of the Art

Marco Vivarelli, Guillermo Arenas Díaz

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17682

Artificial Intelligence, the Collapse of Consumer Society, and Oligarchy

Gilles Saint-Paul

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17668

Work from Home, Management, and Technology

Ryo Kambayashi, Atsushi Ohyama

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17659

Can AI Solve the Peer Review Crisis? A Large-Scale Experiment on LLM's Performance and Biases in Evaluating Economics Papers

Pat Pataranutaporn, Nattavudh Powdthavee, Pattie Maes

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17656

Employment Adjustments to Increased Imports: Evidence from a Developing Country

Beyza Ural Marchand

published online in: Contemporary Economic Policy, 15 March 2025

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17646

AI Bias for Creative Writing: Subjective Assessment Versus Willingness to Pay

Martin Abel, Reed Johnson

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17635

The Impact of Learning about AI Advancements on Trust

Milena Nikolova, Marco Angrisani

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17623

TV Digital Transition in Italy and the Impact on Pupils' Academic Performance

Andrea Caria, Daniele Checchi, Dimitri Paolini

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17581

Heterogeneous Innovations and Growth Under Imperfect Technology Spillovers

Karam Jo, Seula Kim

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17545

Remote Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Three-Level Survey of Italian Schools

Andrea Caria, Adriana Di Liberto, Sara Pau

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17544

Automation, Trade Unions and Atypical Employment

Piotr Lewandowski, Wojciech Szymczak

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17503

Training, Automation, and Wages: International Worker-Level Evidence

Oliver Falck, Yuchen Guo, Christina Langer, Valentin Lindlacher, Simon Wiederhold

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17485

Climate Change and the Decline of Labor Share

Xincheng Qiu, Masahiro Yoshida

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17472

Small-Scale Farmers' Willingness to Pay for Information: A Comparison of Individual Purchase Decisions with Contributions to a Club Good

Michael Grimm, Nathalie Luck, Alia Bihrajihant Raya, Udit Sawhney

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17367

AI Adoption and Workplace Training

Samuel Mühlemann

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17329

The New Wave? The Role of Human Capital and STEM Skills in Technology Adoption in the UK

Mirko Draca, Max Nathan, Viet Nguyen-Tien, Juliana Oliveira-Cunha, Anna Rosso, Anna Valero

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17325

Is Distance from Innovation a Barrier to the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence?

Jennifer Hunt, Iain Cockburn, James Bessen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17306

What They Don't Teach You about Artificial Intelligence at Business School: Stagnation, Oil, and War

Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17245

Measuring Bias in Job Recommender Systems: Auditing the Algorithms

Shuo Zhang, Peter J. Kuhn

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17218

Sailing Ship Technology, Navigation and the Duration of Voyages to Australia, 1848-85

Timothy J. Hatton

published in: Economic History Review, 2025, 78 (2), 452-473

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17206

The Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship and Innovation (KSTE+I) Approach and the Advent of AI Technologies: Evidence from the European Regions

Francesco D’Alessandro, Enrico Santarelli, Marco Vivarelli

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17194

Fast Internet, Women Identity, and Female Genital Mutilation

Jorge Garcia-Hombrados, Daniel Pérez-Parra, Ricardo Ciacci

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17183

Is Artificial Intelligence Generating a New Paradigm? Evidence from the Emerging Phase

Giacomo Damioli, Vincent Van Roy, Daniel Vertesy, Marco Vivarelli

published as 'Is artificial intelligence leading to a new technological paradigm?', in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2025,72, 347-359

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17177

Online versus In-Person Services: Effects on Patients and Providers

Amanda Dahlstrand, Nestor Le Nestour, Guy Michaels

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17097

How Scary Is the Risk of Automation? Evidence from a Large Scale Survey Experiment

Maria Alejandra Cattaneo, Christian Gschwendt, Stefan C. Wolter

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2025, 235, 107034

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17003

The Role of Technological Change in the Evolution of the Employment to Output Elasticity

Pablo Egana-delSol, Alejandro Micco

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16992

The Adoption of ChatGPT

Anders Humlum, Emilie Vestergaard

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16972

Artificial Intelligence and the Skill Premium

David E. Bloom, Klaus Prettner, Jamel Saadaoui, Mario Veruete

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16766

Artificial Intelligence and the Discovery of New Ideas: Is an Economic Growth Explosion Imminent?

Derick Almeida, Wim Naudé, Tiago Neves Sequeira

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16740

De-Routinization in the Fourth Industrial Revolution - Firm-Level Evidence

Melanie Arntz, Sabrina Genz, Terry Gregory, Florian Lehmer, Ulrich Zierahn-Weilage

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16717

AI Unboxed and Jobs: A Novel Measure and Firm-Level Evidence from Three Countries

Erik Engberg, Holger Görg, Magnus Lodefalk, Farrukh Javed, Martin Längkvist, Natália Pimenta Monteiro, Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås, Giuseppe Pulito, Sarah Schroeder, Aili Tang

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16687

Automatability of Occupations, Workers' Labor-Market Expectations, and Willingness to Train

Philipp Lergetporer, Katharina Wedel, Katharina Werner

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16659

Technological Change and Returns to Training

Roman Klauser, Marcus Tamm

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16638

'This Time It's Different' - Generative Artificial Intelligence and Occupational Choice

Daniel Goller, Christian Gschwendt, Stefan C. Wolter

published online in: Labour Economics, 8 June 2025, 102746

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16499

Automation and Income Inequality in Europe

Karina Doorley, Jan Gromadzki, Piotr Lewandowski, Dora Tuda, Philippe Van Kerm

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16362

Contested Transparency: Digital Monitoring Technologies and Worker Voice

Filippo Belloc, Gabriel Burdin, Stefano Dughera, Fabio Landini

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16347

Gender-Biased Technological Change: Milking Machines and the Exodus of Women from Farming

Philipp Ager, Marc Goñi, Kjell G. Salvanes

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16345

Effects of E-commerce on Local Labor Markets

Anahid Bauer, Sofía Fernández Guerrico

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16281

Emigrant Voyages from the UK to North America and Australasia, 1853-1913

Timothy J. Hatton

published in: Economic History Review, 2025, 78 (2), 452 - 473

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16274

Time on the Crossing: Emigrant Voyages across the Atlantic, 1853 to 1913

Timothy J. Hatton

published in: European Review of Economic History, 2024, 28 (1), 120–133

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16227

New Technologies and Jobs in Europe

Stefania Albanesi, António Dias da Silva, Juan F. Jimeno, Ana Lamo, Alena Wabitsch

published in: Economic Policy, 2025, 40 (121), 71–139

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16199

Innovation and the Labor Market: Theory, Evidence and Challenges

Nicoletta Corrocher, Daniele Moschella, Jacopo Staccioli, Marco Vivarelli

published in: Industrial and Corporate Change, 2024, 33 (3), 519–540

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16191

We Already Live in a Degrowth World, and We Do Not like It

Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16139

Melancholy Hues: The Futility of Green Growth and Degrowth, and the Inevitability of Societal Collapse

Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16114

Socioeconomic Inequality in Low-Carbon Technology Adoption

Andrew Burlinson, Apostolos Davillas, Monica Giulietti

revised version published in: Energy Economics, 2025, 143, 108244

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16101

Is Mobile Money Changing Rural Africa? Evidence from a Field Experiment

Catia Batista, Pedro C. Vicente

published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2025, 107 (3), 835–844.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16043

Africa's Industrialization Prospects: A Fresh Look

Wim Naudé, Fiona Tregenna

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16000

Artificial Intelligence and the Economics of Decision-Making

Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15997

Robots and Workers: Evidence from the Netherlands

Daron Acemoglu, Hans R.A. Koster, Ceren Ozgen

forthcoming in: Journal of Labor Economics

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15980

Remote Work across Jobs, Companies, and Space

Stephen Hansen, Peter John Lambert, Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Raffaella Sadun, Bledi Taska

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15924

Extraterrestrial Artificial Intelligence: The Final Existential Risk?

Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15842

Does Access to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Reduce Women Household Burden? Evidence from India

Qinghe Su, Mehtabul Azam

published in: Energy Economics, 2023, 119, 106529

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15772

Technological and Organizational Change and the Careers of Workers

Michele Battisti, Christian Dustmann, Uta Schönberg

published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2023, 21 (4), 1551–1594

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15767

Social Networks, Gender Norms and Women's Labor Supply: Experimental Evidence Using a Job Search Platform

Farzana Afridi, Amrita Dhillon, Sanchari Roy, Nikita Sangwan

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15752

The Impact of ICT and Robots on Labour Market Outcomes of Demographic Groups in Europe

Maciej Albinowski, Piotr Lewandowski

published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 87, 102481

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15731

The Empirics of Technology, Employment and Occupations: Lessons Learned and Challenges Ahead

Fabio Montobbio, Jacopo Staccioli, Maria Enrica Virgillito, Marco Vivarelli

published in: Journal of Economic Surveys, 2024, 38 (5), 1622-1655

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15713

The Future Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Mythical Agents, a Singleton and the Dark Forest

Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15710

Investment and Subjective Uncertainty

Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Lucia Foster, Scott Ohlmacher, Itay Saporta-Eksten

published as '2020 Klein Lecture—Investment and Subjective Uncertainty' in: International Economic Review, 2024, 65 (4), 1591 - 1606

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15700

Pension Reforms, Longer Working Horizons and Depression. Does the Risk of Automation Matter?

Marco Bertoni, Giorgio Brunello, Filippo Da Re

published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 85, 102447

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15689

Does Updating Education Curricula Accelerate Technology Adoption in the Workplace? Evidence from Dual Vocational Education and Training Curricula in Switzerland

Tobias Schultheiss, Uschi Backes-Gellner

published in: Journal of Technology Transfer, 2024, 49, 191–235

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15632

Technical Change, Task Allocation, and Labor Unions

Martyna Marczak, Thomas Beissinger, Franziska Brall

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15608

German Financial State Aid during COVID-19 Pandemic: Higher Impact among Digitalized Self-Employed

Irene Bertschek, Jörn Block, Alexander S. Kritikos, Caroline Stiel

published in: Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2024, 36 (1–2), 76–97

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15607

The Ossified Economy: The Case of Germany, 1870-2020

Wim Naudé, Paula Nagler

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15575

Demographic Transitions across Time and Space

Matthew J. Delventhal, Jesús Fernández-Villaverde, Nezih Guner

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15506

Using Online Vacancy and Job Applicants' Data to Study Skills Dynamics

Fidel Bennett, Veronica Escudero, Hannah Liepmann, Ana Podjanin

published in: Research in Labor Economics, 2024, 52B, 35-99.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15423

China's Skill-Biased Imports

Hongbin Li, Lei Li, Hong Ma

published in: China Economic Review, 2022, 74, 101809

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15419

Technological Progress, Occupational Structure and Gender Gaps in the German Labour Market

Ronald Bachmann, Myrielle Gonschor

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15381

Bring a Friend: Strengthening Women's Social Networks and Reproductive Autonomy in India

S Anukriti, Catalina Herrera-Almanza, Mahesh Karra

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15313

Regional Structural Change and the Effects of Job Loss

Melanie Arntz, Boris Ivanov, Laura Pohlan

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15303

The Impact of Robots on Labour Market Transitions in Europe

Ronald Bachmann, Myrielle Gonschor, Piotr Lewandowski, Karol Madoń

published in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2024, 70, 422-441

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15258

The Distribution of the Gender Wage Gap: An Equilibrium Model

Sonia R. Bhalotra, Manuel Fernandez Sierra, Fan Wang

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15204

Improving Entrepreneurs' Digital Skills and Firms' Digital Competencies through Business Apps Training: A Study of Small Firms

Nick Drydakis

published in: Sustainability, 2022, 14 (8), 4417.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15166

The Shadow of the Neolithic Revolution on Life Expectancy: A Double-Edged Sword

Raphaël Franck, Oded Galor, Omer Moav, Ömer Özak

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15165

Trade-Induced Adoption of New Work

Gueyon Kim

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15065

Artificial Intelligence and Reduced SMEs' Business Risks. A Dynamic Capabilities Analysis during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Nick Drydakis

published in: Information Systems Frontiers, 2022, 24, 1223 - 1247

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15056

Productive Robots and Industrial Employment: The Role of National Innovation Systems

Chrystalla Kapetaniou, Christopher A. Pissarides

published online in: International Economic Review, 17 October 2024

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15015

Automation and Related Technologies: A Mapping of the New Knowledge Base

Enrico Santarelli, Jacopo Staccioli, Marco Vivarelli

published in: Journal of Technology Transfer, 2023, 48, 779-813

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14978

Technical Change and Superstar Effects: Evidence from the Rollout of Television

Felix Koenig

published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 167, 104799

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14944

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Labor Markets in Developing Countries: A New Method with an Illustration for Lao PDR and Viet Nam

Francesco Carbonero, Jeremy Davies, Ekkehard Ernst, Frank M. Fossen, Daniel Samaan, Alina Sorgner

revised version published in: Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 2023, 33, 707-736

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14928

A Procedural Perspective on Academic Spin-off Creation: The Changing Relevance of Academic and Commercial Logics

Uwe Cantner, Philip Doerr, Maximilian Göthner, Matthias Huegel, Martin Kalthaus

published in: Small Business Economics, 2024, 62, 1555–1590

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14916

Digital Access to Healthcare Services and Healthcare Utilization: A Quasi-Experiment

Armenak Antinyan, Stefania Bellio, Marco Bertoni, Luca Corazzini, Elena Narne

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14879

Labour-Saving Automation and Occupational Exposure: A Text-Similarity Measure

Fabio Montobbio, Jacopo Staccioli, Maria Enrica Virgillito, Marco Vivarelli

published as 'Labour-saving automation: a direct measure of occupational exposure' in: World Economy, 2024, 47, 332–361

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14875

The Impact of a New Quality Management Practice on Firm Performance: Evidence from Pakistan

Mahvish Faran, Karl Taylor

published in: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2025, 73 (3), 1365-1408

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14788

Coevolution of Job Automation Risk and Workplace Governance

Filippo Belloc, Gabriel Burdin, Luca Cattani, William Ellis, Fabio Landini

published in: Research Policy, 2022, 51 (3), 104441

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14780

Keep It Simple: A Field Experiment on Information Sharing among Strangers

Catia Batista, Marcel Fafchamps, Pedro C. Vicente

published in: World Bank Economic Review, 2022, 36 (4), 857 - 888

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14668

Academics' Attitudes toward Engaging in Public Discussions - Experimental Evidence on the Impact of Engagement Conditions

Vitus Püttmann, Jens Ruhose, Stephan L. Thomsen

published online in: Research in Higher Education, 5 December 2022

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14649

Digging into the Digital Divide: Workers' Exposure to Digitalization and Its Consequences for Individual Employment

Sabrina Genz, Claus Schnabel

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14626

How Do Workers Adjust When Firms Adopt New Technologies?

Sabrina Genz, Terry Gregory, Markus Janser, Florian Lehmer, Britta Matthes

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14603

Technological Change and Domestic Outsourcing

Antonin Bergeaud, Clément Mazet-Sonilhac, Clément Malgouyres, Sara Signorelli

forthcoming in: Journal of Labor Economics

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14545

Crowdsourcing Artificial Intelligence in Africa: Findings from a Machine Learning Contest

Wim Naudé, Amy Bray, Celina Lee

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14341

The Race of Man and Machine: Implications of Technology When Abilities and Demand Constraints Matter

Thomas Gries, Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14309

May AI Revolution Be Labour-Friendly? Some Micro Evidence from the Supply Side

Giacomo Damioli, Vincent Van Roy, Daniel Vertesy, Marco Vivarelli

published as 'Drivers of the evolution of employment in AI innovators' in: Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2024, 201, 123249

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14249

How Do Workers Perceive the Risks from Automation and the Opportunities to Retrain? Evidence from a Survey of Truck Drivers

Daniel W. Shoag, Michael R. Strain, Stan A. Veuger

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