The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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943 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17964
Early Withdrawal of Retirement Savings After a Severe Health Shock: Evidence from Linked Administrative Data
Thomas Longden, Maryam Naghsh Nejad
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17940
The Debt Burden of Job Loss in a Nordic Welfare State
Terhi Maczulskij, Ohto Kanninen, Hannu Karhunen, Ossi Tahvonen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17937
Heterogeneous Effects of a Teacher Strike on Education and Labor Market Outcomes
Henrika Langen, Liisa Laine
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17935
Which Macroeconomic News Matters for Price-Setting?
Lukas Hack, Davud Rostam-Afschar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17935
Which Macroeconomic News Matters for Price-Setting?
Lukas Hack, Davud Rostam-Afschar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17932
Well-Being, Isolation, and Lockdowns in the UK
José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina, Jorge Velilla
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17923
Consumption Responses to a Major Minimum Wage Increase: Evidence from Spain
Ignacio González, Hector Sala, Pedro Trivín
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17912
Beyond Time: Unveiling the Invisible Burden of Mental Load
Francesca Barigozzi, Pietro Biroli, Chiara Monfardini, Natalia Montinari, Elena Pisanelli, Sveva Vitellozzi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17906
‘Based on Admin Data!’: How Administrative Data Fosters Young Economists’ Career
Anthony Lepinteur, Roberto Nistico
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17893
Parental Leave from the Firm’s Perspective
Gozde Corekcioglu, Marco Francesconi, Astrid Kunze
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17890
The Poverty Effectiveness of Social Security Benefits in Türkiye
Zeynep Gizem Can, Cathal O'Donoghue
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17882
Understanding Firm Dynamics with Daily Data
Lukas Hack, Davud Rostam-Afschar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17860
The Gender Gap in Career Trajectories: Do Firms Matter?
David Card, Francesco Devicienti, Mariacristina Rossi, Andrea Weber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17851
The Impact of Labour Demand Shocks when Occupational Labour Supplies are Heterogeneous
Michael Johannes Böhm, Ben Etheridge, Aitor Irastorza-Fadrique
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17846
Firm-Level Technology Adoption in Times of Crisis
Melanie Arntz, Michael Johannes Böhm, Georg Graetz, Terry Gregory, Florian Lehmer, Cäcilia Lipowski
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17838
Lifecycle Wages and Human Capital Investments: Selection and Missing Data
Laurent Gobillon, Thierry Magnac, Sébastien Roux
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17808
What Do We Know About Income and Earnings Volatility?
Mike Brewer, Nye Cominetti, Stephen P. Jenkins
Published: Review of Income and Wealth, 71 (2), May 2025, e700132025. Open access.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17808
What Do We Know About Income and Earnings Volatility?
Mike Brewer, Nye Cominetti, Stephen P. Jenkins
Published: Review of Income and Wealth, 71 (2), May 2025, e700132025. Open access.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17808
What Do We Know About Income and Earnings Volatility?
Mike Brewer, Nye Cominetti, Stephen P. Jenkins
Published: Review of Income and Wealth, 71 (2), May 2025, e700132025. Open access.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17803
The Consequences of Promoting Data Literacy Among Graduate Students
Margherita Fort, Annalisa Loviglio, Susanna Tinti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17799
Treasure Islands, Real Jobs? Workers and Anti-Avoidance Policies in a Tax Paradise
Sónia Cabral, Joana Garcia, Raquel Miranda, Susana Peralta, João Pereira dos Santos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17789
Beyond Hot Flashes: The Career Cost of Menopause
Sara Abrahamsson, Mara Barschkett, Martin Flatø
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17774
Using Distributional Random Forests for the Analysis of the Income Distribution
Martin Biewen, Stefan Glaisner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17695
How Inheritance Expectations Impact Household Savings
Ignacio Belloc, José Alberto Molina
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17690
Human Capital Spillovers and the External Returns to Education
Pedro Portugal, Hugo Reis, Paulo Guimaraes, Ana Rute Cardoso
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17679
The Disability Pay Gap Within and Across Firms
John Forth, Melanie K. Jones
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17669
Toward Proactive Policy Design: Identifying 'To-Be' Energy-Poor Households Using Shap for Early Intervention
Santiago Budría, Eduardo Fermé, Diogo Nuno Freitas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17610
Estimation of Linear Models from Coarsened Observations: A Method of Moments Approach
Bernard M. S. van Praag, J. Peter Hop, William H. Greene
forthcoming in: Psychometrika
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17610
Estimation of Linear Models from Coarsened Observations: A Method of Moments Approach
Bernard M. S. van Praag, J. Peter Hop, William H. Greene
forthcoming in: Psychometrika
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17605
Long-Run Career Outcomes of Multiple Job Holding
Johanna Muffert, Regina T. Riphahn
forthcoming in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17517
Financing, Ownership, and Performance: A Novel, Longitudinal Firm-Level Database
J. David Brown, Steven J. Davis, Lucia Foster, John C. Haltiwanger, John Sabelhaus
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17489
Biased Returns to Tenure: The Impact of Firm-Specific Shocks on Base and Non-base Earnings
Daniel Schaefer, Carl Singleton, Nikolaos Theodoropoulos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17413
Teleworking and Travel Purposes: UK Evidence after the COVID-19 Pandemic
Ignacio Belloc, José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17412
The Effect of Unconventional Fiscal Policy on Consumption – New Evidence Based on Transactional Data
Winfried Koeniger, Peter Kress
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17372
Shaken, Not Stunted? Global Evidence on Natural Disasters, Child Growth and Recovery
John Cruzatti C., Matthias Rieger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17361
Consumption Expenditures in Austria & Germany: New Evidence Based on Transactional Data
Winfried Koeniger, Peter Kress, Jonas Lehmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17285
Unequal Hiring Wages and Their Impact on the Gender Pay Gap
Tho Pham, Daniel Schaefer, Carl Singleton
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17269
Inflation and Wage Expectations of Firms and Employees
Lukas Buchheim, Sebastian Link, Sascha Möhrle
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17259
The Contribution of Employer Changes to Aggregate Wage Mobility
Nils Torben Hollandt, Steffen Müller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17241
The Productivity Impact of Global Warming: Firm-Level Evidence for Europe
Nicola Gagliardi, Elena Grinza, François Rycx
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17129
Motherhood and Domestic Violence: A Longitudinal Study Using Population-Wide Administrative Data
Sanna Bergvall, Núria Rodríguez-Planas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17119
Making the Right Call: The Heterogeneous Effects of Individual Performance Pay on Productivity
Marco Clemens, Jan Sauermann
published in: Labour Economics, 2025, 94, 102694
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17101
The Importance of Sampling Frequency for Estimates of Well-Being Dynamics
Stephen Hoskins, David W. Johnston, Johannes S. Kunz, Michael A. Shields, Kevin E. Staub
published in: Economics Letters, 2024, 242, 111880
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17079
Why Wages Don't Fall in Jobs with Incomplete Contracts
Marco Fongoni, Daniel Schaefer, Carl Singleton
published online in: Management Science, 29 November 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17064
Addressing Soil Quality Data Gaps with Imputation: Evidence from Ethiopia and Uganda
Hai-Anh H Dang, Calogero Carletto, Sydney Gourlay, Kseniya Abanokova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17064
Addressing Soil Quality Data Gaps with Imputation: Evidence from Ethiopia and Uganda
Hai-Anh H Dang, Calogero Carletto, Sydney Gourlay, Kseniya Abanokova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17056
Understanding the Educational Attainment Polygenic Index and Its Interactions with SES in Determining Health in Young Adulthood
Atticus Bolyard, Peter A. Savelyev
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17023
Heterogeneity in the Persistence of Health: Evidence from a Monthly Micro Panel
Stephen Hoskins, David W. Johnston, Johannes S. Kunz, Michael A. Shields, Kevin E. Staub
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16942
Time of Change: Health Effects of Motherhood
Fabian T. Dehos, Marie Paul, Wiebke Schäfer, Karolin Süß
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16902
Equitable Use of Subsidized Child Care in Georgia
Thomas Goldring, David C. Ribar
published in: Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2025, 70 , 65-78
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16895
Heterogeneous Impacts of Trade Shocks on Workers
Patrick Arni, Peter Egger, Katharina Erhardt, Matthias Gubler, Philip Sauré
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16800
The Labour Market Returns to Graduation: Reconciling Administrative and Survey Data Estimates
Anna Adamecz, Matt Dickson, Nikki Shure
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16787
Wage Cyclicality and Labour Market Institutions
João Pereira, Raul Ramos, Pedro S. Martins
revised version forthcoming in: Industrial Relations, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16721
Birds of a Feather Earn Together. Gender and Peer Effects at the Workplace
Julián Messina, Anna Sanz-de-Galdeano, Anastasia Terskaya
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16672
Nothing Really Matters: Evaluating Demand-Side Moderators of Age Discrimination in Hiring
Axana Dalle, Louis Lippens, Stijn Baert
published online in: Social-Economic Review, 27 November 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16663
Non-Wage Job Values and Implications for Inequality
Tobias Lehmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16630
(Frisch-Waugh-Lovell)' On the Estimation of Regression Models by Row
Damian Clarke, Nicolás Paris Torres, Benjamin Villena-Roldan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16610
Just Another Cog in the Machine? A Worker-Level View of Robotization and Tasks
Milena Nikolova, Anthony Lepinteur, Femke Cnossen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16594
Consistent Estimation of Panel Data Sample Selection Models
Badi H. Baltagi, Sergi Jimenez-Martin, José M. Labeaga, Majid al Sadoon
published online in: Econometrics and Statistic, 11 November 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16570
Does Global Warming Worsen Poverty and Inequality? An Updated Review
Hai-Anh H Dang, Stephane Hallegatte, Trong-Anh Trinh
published in: Journal of Economic Surveys, 2024, 38 (5), 1873-1905
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16543
Estimating Intergenerational Health Transmission in Taiwan with Administrative Health Records
Harrison Chang, Timothy J. Halliday, Ming-Jen Lin, Bhashkar Mazumder
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2024, 238, 105194
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16512
Downward Rigidity in the Wage for New Hires
Jonathon Hazell, Bledi Taska
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16501
Understanding Urban Economies, Land Use, and Social Dynamics in the City: Big Data and Measurement
Albert Saiz, Arianna Salazar-Miranda
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16491
Job Creation and Job Destruction in Turkey: 2006 - 2021
Sinem H. Ayhan, Hartmut Lehmann, Selin Pelek
forthcoming in: Eurasian Economic Review, 2025.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16474
Can Vocational Education Improve Schooling and Labour Outcomes? Evidence from a Large Expansion
João R. Ferreira, Pedro S. Martins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16450
The Birth Order Effect: A Modern Phenomenon?
Ana Nuevo-Chiquero, Marian Vidal-Fernandez, Jee-Yeon K. Lehmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16425
Adult Education Attendance and Postsecondary Outcomes
Thomas Kouwe, David C. Ribar, Daphne Greenberg, Yiwei Duan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16409
The Gender Pay Gap: Micro Sources and Macro Consequences
Iacopo Morchio, Christian Moser
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16381
International Trade and Job Polarization: Evidence at the Worker Level
Wolfgang Keller, Hale Utar
published in: Journal of International Economics, 2023, 145, 103810.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16342
Nighttime Light Pollution and Economic Activities: A Spatio-Temporal Model with Common Factors for US Counties
Georges Bresson, Jean-Michel Etienne, Guy Lacroix
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16342
Nighttime Light Pollution and Economic Activities: A Spatio-Temporal Model with Common Factors for US Counties
Georges Bresson, Jean-Michel Etienne, Guy Lacroix
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16323
Women in Management and the Gender Pay Gap
Virginia Sondergeld, Katharina Wrohlich
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16289
Injury Risk, Concussions, Race, and Pay in the NFL
Quinn Keefer, Thomas J. Kniesner
published in: Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 2023, 67(2), 107-136
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16268
What Makes Hiring Difficult? Evidence from Linked Survey-Administrative Data
Antoine Bertheau, Birthe Larsen, Zeyu Zhao
this version: December 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16202
Fixed Effects and Causal Inference
Daniel L. Millimet, Marc Bellemare
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16196
The Employment Effects of a Wage Subsidy for the Young during an Economic Recovery
Astrid Kunze, Marta Palczyńska, Iga Magda
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16058
What We Teach about Race and Gender: Representation in Images and Text of Children's Books
Anjali Adukia, Alex Eble, Emileigh Harrison, Hakizumwami Birali Runesha, Teodora Szasz
published in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2023, 138 (4), 2225 - 2285
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16013
Workers' Perceptions of Earnings Growth and Employment Risk
Gizem Koşar, Wilbert van der Klaauw
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15956
Works Councils as Gatekeepers: Codetermination, Monitoring Practices, and Job Satisfaction
Christian Grund, Dirk Sliwka, Krystina Titz
published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 90, 102563
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15937
The Transformation of Public Policy Analysis in Times of Crisis – A Microsimulation-Nowcasting Method Using Big Data
Cathal O'Donoghue, Denisa Maria Sologon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15935
Labour Mobility in German Establishments during the COVID-19 Crisis: Panel Data Analyses with Special Reference to Short-Time Work and Working from Home
Lisa Bellmann, Lutz Bellmann, Olaf Hübler
revised version published as 'Labour mobility, short-time work and working from home: establishments' behaviour during the COVID-19 crisis' in: International Journal of Manpower, 2024, 45(6), 1262-1278
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15921
Recovering Income Distribution in the Presence of Interval-Censored Data
Gustavo J. Canavire Bacarreza, Fernando Rios-Avila, Flavia Sacco-Capurro
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2024, 22, 1039 - 1060
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15917
Did COVID-19 Deteriorate Mismatch in the Japanese Labor Market?
Yudai Higashi, Masaru Sasaki
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15887
Unintended Effects of the Flexible Grading Policy
Mehlika Ozsoy, Núria Rodríguez-Planas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15887
Unintended Effects of the Flexible Grading Policy
Mehlika Ozsoy, Núria Rodríguez-Planas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15865
The Role of Firm Dynamics in the Green Transition: Carbon Productivity Decomposition in Finnish Manufacturing
Natalia Kuosmanen, Terhi Maczulskij
published as 'Going green while getting lean: Decomposing carbon and total factor green productivity' in: Journal of Environmental Management, 2024, 352, 120046.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15815
Robust Dynamic Space-Time Panel Data Models Using ?-Contamination: An Application to Crop Yields and Climate Change
Badi H. Baltagi, Georges Bresson, Anoop Chaturvedi, Guy Lacroix
published in: Empirical Economics, 2023, 64, 2475–2509
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15801
Staggered Contracts and Unemployment during Recessions
Effrosyni Adamopoulou, Luis Díez-Catalán, Ernesto Villanueva
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15770
Moving up the Social Ladder? Wages of First- and Second-Generation Immigrants from Developing Countries
Kevin Pineda-Hernández, François Rycx, Mélanie Volral
forthcoming in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15765
Parental Beliefs, Perceived Health Risks, and Time Investment in Children: Evidence from COVID-19
Gabriella Conti, Michele Giannola, Alessandro Toppeta
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15745
Maternal and Infant Health Inequality: New Evidence from Linked Administrative Data
Kate Kennedy-Moulton, Sarah Miller, Petra Persson, Maya Rossin-Slater, Laura R. Wherry, Gloria Aldana
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15736
The Impact of Immigration and Integration Policies On Immigrant-Native Labor Market Hierarchies
Martin Guzi, Martin Kahanec, Lucia Mýtna Kureková
published in: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2023, 49 (16), 4169–4187
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15733
Female Neighbors, Test Scores, and Careers
Sofoklis Goulas, Rigissa Megalokonomou, Yi Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15708
The Identification of Time-Invariant Variables in Panel Data Model: Exploring the Role of Science in Firms’ Productivity
Sara Amoroso, Randolph Luca Bruno, Laura Magazzini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15689
Does Updating Education Curricula Accelerate Technology Adoption in the Workplace? Evidence from Dual Vocational Education and Training Curricula in Switzerland
Tobias Schultheiss, Uschi Backes-Gellner
published in: Journal of Technology Transfer, 2024, 49, 191–235
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15669
A Measure of Well-Being Efficiency Based on the World Happiness Report
Francesco Sarracino, Kelsey J. O'Connor
published in: International Productivity Monitor, 2022, 43, 10-40.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15658
How to Best Fight Poverty: The Uneven Ex-post Effects of Conditional and Unconditional Cash Transfers on Labor Earnings
Ainoa Aparicio Fenoll, Roberto Quaranta
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15617
Employer Cooperation, Productivity, and Wages: New Evidence from Inter-Firm Formal Network Agreements
Francesco Devicienti, Elena Grinza, Alessandro Manello, Davide Vannoni
published in: Economica, 2025, 92 (365), 1 - 41
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15604
How Good Am I? Effects and Mechanisms behind Salient Ranks
Rigissa Megalokonomou, Yi Zhang
published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 170, 104870
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15586
P-Hacking, Data Type and Data-Sharing Policy
Abel Brodeur, Nikolai Cook, Carina Neisser
published in: Economic Journal, 2024, 134 (659), 985-1018
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