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IZA Discussion Papers

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The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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88 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17953
Teacher Gender Effects on Students’ Socio-Emotional Skills
Greta Morando, Sonkurt Sen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17918
Only-Child Parents and the Language Cognitive Ability of Their Children in China
Hui Xu, Zheyuan Zhang, Zhong Zhao
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17430
Effects of Center-Based Child Care on Disadvantaged Children: Evidence from a Randomized Research Design
Chris M. Herbst
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17255
The Gender Wage Gap across Life: Effects of Genetic Predisposition Towards Higher Educational Attainment
Alex Bryson, Tim Morris, David Bann, David Wilkinson
forthcoming in: Economics and Human Biology
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17249
Intergenerational Effects of Compulsory Schooling Reform on Early Childhood Development in a Middle-Income Country
Yusuf Emre Akgündüz, Pelin Akyol, Abdurrahman B. Aydemir, Murat Demirci, Murat Güray Kirdar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17056
Understanding the Educational Attainment Polygenic Index and Its Interactions with SES in Determining Health in Young Adulthood
Atticus Bolyard, Peter A. Savelyev
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17028
Experimental Impacts of a Virtual Parenting Program with Mothers and Fathers
Lara Lebedinski, Pedro Carneiro, Tamara Arnold Urzua, Julie Perng, Ana Maria Munoz Boudet, Katia Herrera Sosa
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16881
Daycare Enrollment Age and Child Development
Mette Gørtz, Vibeke Myrup Jensen, Sarah Sander
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16784
The Impact of the Level and Timing of Parental Resources on Child Development and Intergenerational Mobility
Sadegh S. M. Eshaghnia, James J. Heckman, Rasmus Landersø
published online in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2 August 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16441
Parenting with Patience: Parental Incentives and Child Development
Daniela Del Boca, Christopher Flinn, Ewout Verriest, Matthew Wiswall
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16392
Group Meetings and Boosters to Sustain Early Impacts on Child Development: Experimental Evidence from Kenya
Italo Lopez Garcia, Jill E. Luoto, Frances E. Aboud, Lia C.H. Fernald
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16367
When It Hurts the Most: Timing of Parental Job Loss and a Child's Education
Paul Bingley, Lorenzo Cappellari, Marco Ovidi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16328
Maternal Education and Early Child Development: The Roles of Parental Support for Learning, Learning Materials, and Father Characteristics
Yusuf Emre Akgündüz, Pelin Akyol, Abdurrahman B. Aydemir, Murat Demirci, Murat Güray Kirdar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16212
Baby Bump? Birth Month, Family Income, and Early Childhood Development
Dave E. Marcotte, Katherine Engel
published in: Economics & Human, 2024, 54, 101409
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16155
Maternal Life Satisfaction and Child Development from Toddlerhood to Adolescence
Nabanita Datta Gupta, Jonas Jessen, C. Katharina Spieß
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16038
Maximum Impact Intergenerational Associations
Sadegh S. M. Eshaghnia, James J. Heckman, Rasmus Landersø
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15925
Socioemotional Skills in Early Childhood: Evidence from a Maternal Psychosocial Intervention
Dilek Sevim, Victoria Baranov, Sonia R. Bhalotra, Joanna Maselko, Pietro Biroli
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2024, 59 (S), S365-S401
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15705
Public Childcare, Labor Market Outcomes of Caregivers, and Child Development: Experimental Evidence from Brazil
Orazio Attanasio, Ricardo Paes de Barros, Pedro Carneiro, David K. Evans, Lycia Lima, Pedro Olinto, Norbert Schady
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15609
Analysis of Twins
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Damian Clarke
published in: Klaus. F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer Nature, 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15547
Child Care in the United States: Markets, Policy, and Evidence
Chris M. Herbst
published in: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2023, 42 (1), 255-304
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15418
Genetic and Socioeconomic Achievement Gaps in Elementary School
Mikkel Aagaard Houmark, Victor Ronda, Esben Agerbo, Preben Bo Mortensen, Michael Rosholm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15388
Spillover Effects of Old-Age Pension across Generations: Family Labor Supply and Child Outcomes
Katja Maria Kaufmann, Yasemin Özdemir, Han Ye
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15252
Measuring Knowledge
James J. Heckman, Jin Zhou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15179
Developmental Losses in Young Children from Pre-primary Program Closures during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Alejandra Abufhele, David Bravo, Florencia López Bóo, Pamela Soto-Ramirez
published in: Comparative Education Review, 2024, 68 (3), 423 -442
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14851
Center-Based Care and Parenting Activities
Jonas Jessen, C. Katharina Spieß, Sevrin Waights
revised version published in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2022, 84 (6), 1356 - 1379
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14752
Two Decades of Welfare Reforms in Australia: How Did They Affect Single Mothers and Their Children?
Alexandra de Gendre, Stefanie Schurer, Angela Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14743
Inequality in Early Care Experienced by U.S. Children
Sarah Flood, Joel McMurry, Aaron Sojourner, Matthew Wiswall
published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2022, 36 (2), 199–222
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13804
Human Capital Development: New Evidence on the Production of Socio-Emotional Skills
Mark Mitchell, Marta Favara, Catherine Porter, Alan Sanchez
published online in: Journal of Human Resources, 06 June 2023, 1120-11342R
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13531
Early Child Development and Parents' Labor Supply
Lukáš Lafférs, Bernhard Schmidpeter
published in: Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2021, 36 (2), 190-208
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13087
The Causal Impact of Socio-Emotional Skills Training on Educational Success
Giuseppe Sorrenti, Ulf Zölitz, Denis Ribeaud, Manuel Eisner
published online in: Review of Economic Studies, rdae018, 22 February 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13079
Mothers Working during Preschool Years and Child Skills. Does Income Compensate?
Cheti Nicoletti, Kjell G. Salvanes, Emma Tominey
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2023, 41 (2), 389–429
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13056
Maternal Investments in Children: The Role of Expected Effort and Returns
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Adeline Delavande, Paulino Font Gilabert, Joanna Maselko
published in: Economic Journal, 2025, 135 (667), 712–747
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12808
Lessons from Behavioral Economics to Improve Treatment Adherence in Parenting Programs: An Application to SMS
Nicolas Ajzenman, Florencia López Bóo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12792
Parental Inputs and Socio-Economic Gaps in Early Child Development
Lindsey Macmillan, Emma Tominey
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2023, 36, 1513–1543
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12665
Is Consanguinity an Impediment to Child Development Outcomes?
Cem Mete, Laurent Bossavie, John T. Giles, Harold Alderman
published in: Population Studies, June 2020, 74 (2): 139-159.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12489
Maternal Age and Offspring Human Capital in India
Marcello Perez-Alvarez, Marta Favara
published in: Journal Population Econonmics, 2023, 36, 1573–1606
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12484
Early Education and Gender Differences
Daniela Del Boca, Enrica Maria Martino, Elena Claudia Meroni, Daniela Piazzalunga
published in: Economica Italiana, 2019, 3, 11-36
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12420
Parental Leave, Household Specialization and Children's Well-Being
Serena Canaan
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 75, 102127
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12110
Measuring the Quality of the Home Environment of Young Children in Uruguay: Socioeconomic Gradients in the Home Inventory
Florencia López Bóo, Mayaris Cubides Mateus, Rita Sorio, Giorgina Garibotto, Christian Berón
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12106
Delivering Parenting Interventions through Health Services in the Caribbean
Susan P. Walker, Christine Powell, Susan M. Chang, Helen Baker-Henningham, Sally Grantham-McGregor, Marcos Vera-Hernandez, Florencia López Bóo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12104
Parental Ethnic Identity and Child Development
Stuart Campbell, Ana Nuevo-Chiquero, Gurleen Popli, Anita Ratcliffe
published as 'Parental identity and child test scores' in: Fiscal Studies, 2020, 41 (4), 851 - 881
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12103
Actors in the Child Development Process
Daniela Del Boca, Christopher Flinn, Ewout Verriest, Matthew Wiswall
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11984
Violence during Early Childhood and Child Development
Matias Berthelon, Dante Contreras, Diana Kruger, María Isidora Palma
published as 'Harsh parenting during early childhood and child development' in: Economics & Human Biology, 2020, 36, 100831
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11913
Academic Achievement and the Gender Composition of Preschool Staff
Mette Gørtz, Eva Rye Johansen, Marianne Simonsen
published in: Labour Economics, 2018, 55, 241 - 258
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11794
Parental Leave Policies and Socio-Economic Gaps in Child Development: Evidence from a Substantial Benefit Reform Using Administrative Data
Mathias Huebener, Daniel Kühnle, C. Katharina Spieß
published in: Labour Economics, 2019, 61, 101754
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11688
Who Benefits from Universal Child Care? Estimating Marginal Returns to Early Child Care Attendance
Thomas Cornelissen, Christian Dustmann, Anna Raute, Uta Schönberg
published in: Journal of Political Economy, 2018, 126 (6), 2356–2409
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11187
Maternal Depression, Women's Empowerment, and Parental Investment: Evidence from a Large Randomized Control Trial
Victoria Baranov, Sonia R. Bhalotra, Pietro Biroli, Joanna Maselko
published in: American Economic Review, 2020, 110 (3), 824-859
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10993
The Response of Parental Time Investments to the Child's Skills and Health
Cheti Nicoletti, Valentina Tonei
published as 'Do parental time investments react to changes in child’s skills and health?' in: European Economic Review, 2020, 127, 103491
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10812
Parental Leave, (In)formal Childcare and Long-term Child Outcomes
Natalia Danzer, Martin Halla, Nicole Schneeweis, Martina Zweimüller
revised version published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2022, 57 (6) 1826-1884;
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10661
Does Early Child Care Attendance Influence Children's Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skill Development?
Daniel Kühnle, Michael Oberfichtner
published as 'Does Starting Universal Childcare Earlier Influence Children's Skill Development?' in: Demography, 2020, 57 (1), 61-98.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10337
Personality and Mental Health: The Role and Substitution Effect of Emotional Stability and Conscientiousness
Caroline Wehner, Trudie Schils, Lex Borghans
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10219
Single Mothers and Their Children: Evaluating a Work-Encouraging Welfare Reform
Katrine Vellesen Loken, Kjell Erik Lommerud, Katrine Holm Reiso
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10218
The Development and Happiness of Very Young Children
Paul Anand, Laurence Roope
published in: Social Choice and Welfare, 2016, 47, 825 - 851
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10083
Impact of Caregiver Incentives on Child Health: Evidence from an Experiment with Anganwadi Workers in India
Prakarsh Singh, William A. Masters
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2017, 55, 219 - 231
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10009
Youth Employment and Academic Performance: Production Functions and Policy Effects
Angus J. Holford
published in: Labout Economics, 2020, 63, 101806
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9977
Symposium on Child Development and Parental Investment: Introduction
Marco Francesconi, James J. Heckman
published in: Economic Journal, 2016, 126(596), F1-F27
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9756
Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Costs of Daycare 0–2 for Girls
Margherita Fort, Andrea Ichino, Giulio Zanella
revised version published in: Journal of Political Economy, 2020, 128(1), 158-205
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9303
The Cost-Effectiveness of Developmental Screenings: Evidence from a Nationwide Programme
Martin Halla, Gerald J. Pruckner, Thomas Schober
revised version published as 'The Cost-Effectiveness of Developmental Screenings: Evidence from a Nationwide Programme' in: Journal of Health Economics, 2016, 49, 120 - 135
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9200
School Quality and the Development of Cognitive Skills between Age Four and Six
Lex Borghans, Bart H.H. Golsteyn, Ulf Zölitz
published in: PLOS ONE, 2015, 10(7)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8987
Mozart or Pelé? The Effects of Teenagers' Participation in Music and Sports
Charlotte Cabane, Adrian Hille, Michael Lechner
published in: Labour Economics, 2016, 41, 90-103
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8960
Decentralizing Education Resources: School Grants in Senegal
Pedro Carneiro, Oswald Koussihouèdé, Nathalie Lahire, Costas Meghir, Corina Mommaerts
published as ' School Grants and Education Quality: Experimental Evidence from Senegal' in: Economica, 2020, 87 (345), 28-51
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8957
Does Professional Development of Preschool Teachers Improve Child Socio-Emotional Outcomes?
Bente Jensen, Peter Jensen, Astrid Würtz Rasmussen
published in : Labour Economics, 2017, 45, 26-39.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8904
Child Care Before Age Two and the Development of Language and Numeracy: Evidence from a Lottery
Nina Drange, Tarjei Havnes
published as 'Early child care and cognitive development: Evidence from an assignment lottery' in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2019, 37 (2), 581 - 620
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8485
Are Parental Welfare Work Requirements Good for Disadvantaged Children? Evidence from Age-of-Youngest-Child Exemptions
Chris M. Herbst
published in:Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. 2017, 36 (2), 327 - 357
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8484
Does Early Child Care Help or Hurt Children's Development?
Christina Felfe, Rafael Lalive
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8393
Transfers to Households with Children and Child Development
Daniela Del Boca, Christopher Flinn, Matthew Wiswall
published in: Economic Journal, 2016, 526, F138-F183
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7626
Parental Leave and Children's Schooling Outcomes: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from a Large Parental Leave Reform
Natalia Danzer, Victor Lavy
published as 'Paid Parental Leave and Children's Schooling Outcomes' in: Economic Journal, 2018, 128 (608), 81-117
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7123
Early, Late or Never? When Does Parental Education Impact Child Outcomes?
Matt Dickson, Paul Gregg, Harriet Robinson
published in: Economic Journal, 2016, 126, F184-F231
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7100
Early Child Care and Child Development: For Whom it Works and Why
Christina Felfe, Rafael Lalive
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7039
The Impact of Non-Parental Child Care on Child Development: Evidence from the Summer Participation
Chris M. Herbst
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2013, 105, 86–105
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6986
Kindergarten for All: Long Run Effects of a Universal Intervention
Nina Drange, Tarjei Havnes, Astrid M. J. Sandsør
published in Economics of Education Review, 2016, 53, 164-181
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6962
Does Mother Know Best? Parental Discrepancies in Assessing Child Functioning
Nabanita Datta Gupta, Mette Lausten, Dario Pozzoli
published in: Review of Economics of the Household, 2018, 16 (2), 407-425
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6930
The Economics of Child Well-Being
Gabriella Conti, James J. Heckman
published in: A. Ben-Arieh, F. Casas, I. Frones, and J. Korbin (eds.), Handbook of Child Well-Being: Theories, Methods, and Policies in Global Perspective, Dordrecht: Springer-Verlag, 2013
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6868
Self Investments of Adolescents and their Cognitive Development
Daniela Del Boca, Chiara Monfardini, Cheti Nicoletti
published as 'Parental and child time and cognitive development of adolescents' in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2017, 35 (2), 565-608
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6864
Early Life Health Interventions and Academic Achievement
Prashant Bharadwaj, Katrine Vellesen Loken, Christopher A. Neilson
published in: American Economic Review, 2013, 103 (5), 1862-91
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5282
Early Childhood Stimulation Interventions in Developing Countries: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Helen Baker-Henningham, Florencia López Bóo
published as 'Intervenciones de estimulación infantil temprana en los países en vías de desarrollo: lo que funciona, por qué y para quién' in: Económica, 2014, 60, 120-186
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5155
Household Choices and Child Development
Daniela Del Boca, Christopher Flinn, Matthew Wiswall
published in: Review of Economic Studies, 2014, 81 (1), 137-185
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4978
Is Universal Child Care Leveling the Playing Field? Evidence from Non-Linear Difference-in-Differences
Tarjei Havnes, Magne Mogstad
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2015, 127, 100–114
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4971
What Linear Estimators Miss: Re-Examining the Effects of Family Income on Child Outcomes
Katrine Vellesen Loken, Magne Mogstad, Matthew Wiswall
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2012, 4 (2), 1–35
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4715
Divorced Fathers' Proximity and Children's Long Run Outcomes: Evidence from Norwegian Registry Data
Ariel Kalil, Magne Mogstad, Mari Rege, Mark Votruba
published in: Demography, 2011, 48 (3), 1005-1027
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4561
No Child Left Behind: Universal Child Care and Children’s Long-Run Outcomes
Tarjei Havnes, Magne Mogstad
published in: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2011, 3 (2), 97-129
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4270
Birth Weight and the Dynamics of Early Cognitive and Behavioural Development
Emilia Del Bono, John Ermisch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3836
Child Care Subsidies and Child Development
Chris M. Herbst, Erdal Tekin
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2010, 29 (4), 618-638
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3605
The Effect of Expansions in Maternity Leave Coverage on Children's Long-Term Outcomes
Christian Dustmann, Uta Schönberg
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2012, 4, 190-224.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3537
Early Child Development and Maternal Labor Force Participation: Using Handedness as an Instrument
Paul Frijters, David W. Johnston, Manisha Shah, Michael A. Shields
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2009, 1(3), 97–110
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3072
Maternal Education, Home Environments and the Development of Children and Adolescents
Pedro Carneiro, Costas Meghir, Matthias Parey
revised version published in: Journal of European Economic Association, 2013, 11 (S1), 123–160
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2752
Handedness, Time Use and Early Childhood Development
David W. Johnston, Manisha Shah, Michael A. Shields
revised version published (with Michael E.R. Nicholls) as 'Nature's Experiment? Handedness and Early Childhood Development' in: Demography, 2009, 46 (2), 281 - 301
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2190
Economic, Neurobiological and Behavioral Perspectives on Building America's Future Workforce
Eric I. Knudsen, James J. Heckman, Judy L. Cameron, Jack P. Shonkoff
published in: World Economics, 2006, 7 (3), 17 - 41
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