The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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144 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18287
The Effects of Wealth Shocks on Public and Private Long-Term Care Insurance
Joan Costa-Font, Richard Frank, Nilesh Raut
published online in: Journal of Health Economics, 26 November 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18149
Public Payment Mandates and Provider Supply
Lauren Hoehn-Velasco, Yu-Ting Huang, Olanrewaju Yusuff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18148
The Impact of Neighbour, Colleague, and Family Peers on Parental Labour Supply
Jordy Meekes, Max van Lent
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18121
No Payoff from Time Off? Mandated Paid Vacation and Late-Career Employment
Simon Bensnes, Øystein Hernaes, Max-Emil M. King
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18004
Childcare as Infrastructure: The Impact of COVID-19 on Childcare and Gender Equity
Alicia Sasser Modestino, Zachary Finn, Jamie Ladge, Alisa Lincoln
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17786
The Effects of State Paid Sick Leave Mandates on Parental Childcare Time
J. Catherine Maclean, Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2025, 103, 102033
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17694
Estimating the Effect of Working from Home on Parents' Division of Childcare and Housework: A New Panel IV Approach
Simone Schüller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17372
Shaken, Not Stunted? Global Evidence on Natural Disasters, Child Growth and Recovery
John Cruzatti C., Matthias Rieger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17238
The Effects of Child Care Subsidies on Paid Child Care Participation and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from the Child and Dependent Care Credit
Gabrielle Pepin
published in: ILR Review, 2025, 78 (4), 645-666
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17190
The Impact of Children's Access to Public Health Insurance on Their Cognitive Development and Behavior
Marie C. Hull, Ji Yan
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2024, 98, 102935
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17151
Gender Gaps in Time Use: Pan-European Evidence from School Closures during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Benjamin Elsner, Manvi Jindal, Massimiliano Mascherini, Sanna Nivakoski
forthcoming in: Economic and Social Review
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17109
Reducing the Child Penalty by Incentivizing Maternal Part-Time Work?
Laurenz Baertsch, Malte Sandner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16668
Estimating Returns to Schooling and Experience: A History of Thought
Barry R. Chiswick
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16665
Accessing the Safety Net: How Medicaid Affects Health and Recidivism
Analisa Packham, David Slusky
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16574
Food Aid and Violent Conflict: A Review of Literature
Maximilian Koppenberg, Ashok K. Mishra, Stefan Hirsch
published as 'Food aid and violent conflict: A review and Empiricist’s companion' in: Food Policy, 2023, 121, 102542
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16478
Navigating Ambiguity: Imprecise Probabilities and the Updating of Disease Risk Beliefs
Jason Kerwin, Divya Pandey
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16272
Diluted Blood Still Better than Water? The Beneficial Effects of Politicians' Birthplaces on Refugee Acceptance
Hai-Anh H Dang, Trong-Anh Trinh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16165
Patient versus Provider Incentives in Long-Term Care
Martin B. Hackmann, Vincent Pohl, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2024, 16 (3), 178–218
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16142
Donations and Unpaid Activities
Olaf Hübler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16022
Marriage in Old Age: What Can We Learn about Policy Impacts on Same-Sex Couples?
Leora Friedberg, Elliott Isaac
published in: National Tax Journal, 2023, 76 (3), 679-706
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15803
Revisiting the Connection between State Medicaid Expansions and Adult Mortality
Charles Courtemanche, Jordan Jones, Antonios M. Koumpias, Daniela Zapata
published in: Southern Economic Journal, 2024, 91 (1), 187-212
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15783
The Impact of Paid Family Leave on Families with Health Shocks
Courtney Coile, Maya Rossin-Slater, Amanda Su
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15711
Medical Innovation and Health Disparities
Barton H. Hamilton, Andrés Hincapié, Emma C. Kalish, Nicholas W. Papageorge
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15608
German Financial State Aid during COVID-19 Pandemic: Higher Impact among Digitalized Self-Employed
Irene Bertschek, Jörn Block, Alexander S. Kritikos, Caroline Stiel
published in: Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2024, 36 (1–2), 76–97
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15227
Patterns of Time Use among Older People
Maddalena Ferranna, J.P. Sevilla, Leo Zucker, David E. Bloom
published in: David E. Bloom, Alfonso Sousa-Poza and Uwe Sunde (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of the Economics of Ageing, Routledge, London, 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15227
Patterns of Time Use among Older People
Maddalena Ferranna, J.P. Sevilla, Leo Zucker, David E. Bloom
published in: David E. Bloom, Alfonso Sousa-Poza and Uwe Sunde (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of the Economics of Ageing, Routledge, London, 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15192
Who Increases Emergency Department Use? New Insights from the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment
Augustine Denteh, Helge Liebert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15150
The Effects of Medicaid Expansion on Job Loss Induced Mental Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US
Sankar Mukhopadhyay
published in: SSM Population Health, 2022, 20, 101279
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15113
Can Public Policy Increase Paternity Acknowledgment? Evidence from Earnings-Related Parental Leave
Anna Raute, Andrea Weber, Galina Zudenkova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15061
Pell Grants and Labor Supply: Evidence from a Regression Kink
Michael S. Kofoed
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14915
US Presidential Party Switches Are Mirrored in Global Maternal Mortality
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Damian Clarke, Hanna Mühlrad, Manuel Fernandez Sierra
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14754
Medicaid Expansion and the Mental Health of Spousal Caregivers
Joan Costa-Font, Nilesh Raut, Courtney Van Houtven
published in: Review of the Economics of the Household, 2024, 22, 1047–1084
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14753
Long-Term Care Partnership Effects on Medicaid and Private Insurance
Joan Costa-Font, Nilesh Raut
published online in: Health Economics,15 March 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14705
Project Aid and Firm Performance
Silvia Marchesi, Tania Masi, Saumik Paul
published online as 'Aid Projects and Firm Performance' in: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14686
From Subsidies to Loans: The Effects of a National Student Finance Reform on the Choices of Secondary School Students
Alexandra de Gendre, Jan Kabátek
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14646
De Facto Immigration Enforcement, ICE Raid Awareness, and Worker Engagement
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Francisca M. Antman
published in: Economic Inquiry, 2022, 60 (1), 373 - 391
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14466
The Making of a Lost Generation: Child Labor among Syrian Refugees in Turkey
Meltem Dayioglu-Tayfur, Murat Güray Kirdar, Ismet Koc
published in: International Migration Review; 2024, 8 (3), 1075-1113
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14449
Women at Work in the United States since 1860: An Analysis of Unreported Family Workers
Barry R. Chiswick, RaeAnn Halenda Robinson
published in: Explorations in Economic History, 2021, 82, 101406
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14423
When Need Meets Merit: The Effect of Increasing Merit Requirements in Need-Based Student Aid
Tommaso Agasisti, Massimiliano Bratti, Veronica Minaya
revised version published in: European Economics review, 2022, 146, 104164
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14380
California's Paid Family Leave Law and the Employment of 45-64 Year Old Adults
Ann P. Bartel, Soohyun Kim, Christopher J. Ruhm, Jane Waldfogel
published in: Work, Aging and Retirement, 2023, 9 (2), 169–178
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14375
Neither Backlash nor Convergence: Dynamics of Intracouple Childcare Division after the First COVID-19 Lockdown and Subsequent Reopening in Germany
Christina Boll, Dana Müller, Simone Schüller
revised version published in: Journal for Labour Market Research, 2023, 57, 27
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14368
A Generation of Italian Economists
Enrico Nano, Ugo Panizza, Martina Viarengo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14359
Parents under Stress: Evaluating Emergency Childcare Policies during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Germany
Simone Schüller, Hannah S. Steinberg
revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 78, 102217
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14313
Gaining, Losing, and Regaining Merit-Based Scholarships
David C. Ribar, Ross Rubenstein
published in: Education Finance and Policy, 2023, 18 (4), 597–622
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14265
Aid and Radicalization: The Case of Hamas in the West Bank and Gaza
Amit Loewenthal, Sami H. Miaari, Anke Hoeffler
published in: Journal of Development Studies, 2023, 59 (8), 1187–1212.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14262
The Impact of Paid Family Leave on Employers: Evidence from New York
Ann P. Bartel, Maya Rossin-Slater, Christopher J. Ruhm, Meredith Slopen, Jane Waldfogel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13849
The Effects of Financial Aid Loss on Persistence and Graduation: A Multi-Dimensional Regression Discontinuity Approach
Todd R. Jones, Daniel Kreisman, Ross Rubenstein, Cynthia Searcy, Rachana Bhatt
published in: Education Finance and Policy, 2022, 17 (2), 206–231.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13625
Modern Infectious Diseases: Macroeconomic Impacts and Policy Responses
David E. Bloom, Michael Kuhn, Klaus Prettner
published in: Journal of Economic Literature, 2022, 60 (1), 85–131
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13609
The Impact of HIV/Aids on Human Capital Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa: New Evidence
Luke Chicoine, Emily Lyons, Alexia Sahue
published in: Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2021, 36 (6), 842-852
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13487
Did Medicaid Expansion Reduce Medical Divorce?
David Slusky, Donna K. Ginther
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13461
The Gender Gap in Time Allocation in Europe
José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina
published as 'The Gender Gap in Time Allocation' in: IZA World of Labor, 2022, 497
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13461
The Gender Gap in Time Allocation in Europe
José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina
published as 'The Gender Gap in Time Allocation' in: IZA World of Labor, 2022, 497
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13442
Voting and Political Participation in the Aftermath of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic
Hani Mansour, Daniel I. Rees, James Reeves
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2024, 59 (6), 1769-1794
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13424
Women at Work in the Pre-Civil War United States: An Analysis of Unreported Family Workers
Barry R. Chiswick, RaeAnn Halenda Robinson
published as 'Women at work in the United States since 1860: An analysis of unreported family workers' in: Explorations in Economic History, 2021, 82, 101406
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13379
If Sick-Leave Becomes More Costly, Will I Go Back to Work? Could It Be Too Soon?
Olivier Marie, Judit Vall Castello
published as 'Sick Leave Cuts and (Unhealthy) Returns to Work' in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2023, 41, 923-956.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13287
Bias and Careers: Evidence from the Aid Effectiveness Literature
Chris Doucouliagos, Thomas Hinz, Katarina Zigova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13200
The Value of Health Insurance during a Crisis: Effects of Medicaid Implementation on Pandemic Influenza Mortality
Karen Clay, Joshua Lewis, Edson Severnini, Xiao Wang
published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2024, 106 (5), 1393 - 1402
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13098
Office Visits Preventing Emergency Room Visits: Evidence from the Flint Water Switch
Shooshan Danagoulian, Daniel Grossman, David Slusky
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12997
State Medicaid Expansion and the Self-Employed
Jun Yeong Lee, John V. Winters
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12958
Hope for the Family: The Effects of College Costs on Maternal Labor Supply
Breno Braga, Olga Malkova
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2024, 22 (1), 230-262
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12886
The Effect of Grants on University Drop-Out Rates: Evidence on the Italian Case
Francesca Modena, Enrico Rettore, Giulia Tanzi
published in: Journal of Human Capital, 2020, 14 (3), 343 - 370
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12842
Medicaid Expansion and the Unemployed
Thomas C. Buchmueller, Helen Levy, Robert G. Valletta
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2021, 39 (S2), S575–S617
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12779
The Impact of Medicaid on Medical Utilization in a Vulnerable Population: Evidence from COFA Migrants
Timothy J. Halliday, Randall K. Q. Akee, Tetine Sentell, Megan Inada, Jill Miyamura
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12636
The Effects of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on Subjective Well-being
Seonghoon Kim, Kanghyock Koh
published in: Health Economics, 2022, 31(1), 233-249
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12552
Did the ACA Medicaid Expansion Save Lives?
Mark Borgschulte, Jacob Vogler
published in Journal of Health Economics, 2020, 72, 102333
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12483
The Impact of Paid Family Leave on the Timing of Infant Vaccinations
Agnitra Roy Choudhury, Solomon Polachek
published in: Vaccine, 2021, 39 (21), 2886-2893
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12360
Coming Out in America: AIDS, Politics, and Cultural Change
Raquel Fernández, Sahar Parsa, Martina Viarengo
published online as 'Coming out in America: thirty years of cultural change' in: Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 18 April 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12166
Health Aid, Governance and Infant Mortality
Chris Doucouliagos, Jack Hennessy, Debdulal Mallick
published in: Statistics in Society - Series A, 2021, 184 (2), 761-783
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12162
Does Child Labor Lead to Vulnerable Employment in Adulthood? Evidence for Tanzania
Sara Burrone, Gianna Claudia Giannelli
published in: Journal of Development Studies, 2020, 56 (12), 2235-2250
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11882
Unequal Use of Social Insurance Benefits: The Role of Employers
Sarah Bana, Kelly Bedard, Maya Rossin-Slater, Jenna Stearns
published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2023, 233 (2), 633 - 660
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11625
Testing a Social Innovation in Financial Aid for Low-Income Students: Experimental Evidence from Italy
Davide Azzolini, Alberto Martini, Enrico Rettore, Barbara Romano, Antonio Schizzerotto, Loris Vergolini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11557
State Merit Aid Programs and Youth Labor Market Attachment
David E. Frisvold, Melinda Pitts
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11557
State Merit Aid Programs and Youth Labor Market Attachment
David E. Frisvold, Melinda Pitts
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11468
Effects of the Affordable Care Act on Health Behaviors after Three Years
Charles Courtemanche, James Marton, Benjamin Ukert, Aaron Yelowitz, Daniela Zapata
published in: INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 2018, 55
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11381
The Impacts of Paid Family Leave Benefits: Regression Kink Evidence from California Administrative Data
Sarah Bana, Kelly Bedard, Maya Rossin-Slater
published in: Journal of Policy Analysis & Management, 2020, 39 (4), 888-929
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10919
Positively Aware? Conflicting Expert Reviews and Demand for Medical Treatment
Jorge Balat, Nicholas W. Papageorge, Shaiza Qayyum
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10913
Born Under a Lucky Star: Financial Aid, College Completion, Labor Supply, and Credit Constraints
Jeffrey T. Denning
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2019, 54 (3), 760-784
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10745
The Effect of Public Insurance Expansions on Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act
J. Catherine Maclean, Brendan Saloner
published in: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2019, 38 (2), 366 - 393
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10686
War, Migration and the Origins of the Thai Sex Industry
Abel Brodeur, Warn N. Lekfuangfu, Yanos Zylberberg
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2018, 16 (5), 1540-1576
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10649
Early Effects of the Affordable Care Act on Health Care Access, Risky Health Behaviors, and Self-Assessed Health
Charles Courtemanche, James Marton, Benjamin Ukert, Aaron Yelowitz, Daniela Zapata
published in: Southern Economic Journal, 2018, 84 (3), 660 - 691
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10548
Temporary Work Visas as US-Haiti Development Cooperation: A Preliminary Impact Evaluation
Michael A. Clemens, Hannah M. Postel
published in: IZA Journal of Labor & Development, 2017, 6:4
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10211
Weighing the Military Option: The Effects of Wartime Conditions on Investments in Human Capital
Brian Duncan, Hani Mansour, Bryson Rintala
published in Economic Inquiry, 2019, 57 (1), 264-282
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9996
Peace, Terrorism, or Civil Conflict? Understanding the Decision of an Opposition Group
Michael Jetter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9911
Information, Financial Aid and Training Participation: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment
Katja Görlitz, Marcus Tamm
revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2017, 47, 138-148
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9888
Multifaceted Aid for Low-Income Students and College Outcomes: Evidence from North Carolina
Charles T. Clotfelter, Steven W. Hemelt, Helen F. Ladd
published in: Economic Inquiry, 56(1), 278-303.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9832
Beyond Job Lock: Impacts of Public Health Insurance on Occupational and Industrial Mobility
Ammar Farooq, Adriana Kugler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9712
Does Medicaid Coverage for Pregnant Women Affect Prenatal Health Behaviors?
Dhaval M. Dave, Robert Kaestner, George Wehby
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9709
Profiling the US Sick Leave Landscape
Philip Susser, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
short version published in: Health Services Research, 2016, 51 (6), 2305-2317
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9709
Profiling the US Sick Leave Landscape
Philip Susser, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
short version published in: Health Services Research, 2016, 51 (6), 2305-2317
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9371
The Effects of State Merit Aid Programs on Attendance at Elite Colleges
David L. Sjoquist, John V. Winters
published in: Southern Economic Journal, 2016, 83 (2), 527-549
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9162
Voter Reaction to Government Incompetence and Corruption Related to the 1999 Earthquakes in Turkey
Ali T. Akarca, Aysit Tansel
published in: Journal of Economic Studies, 2016, 43 (2), 309 - 335.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8875
The Effect of Georgia's HOPE Scholarship on College Major: A Focus on STEM
David L. Sjoquist, John V. Winters
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 2015, 4:15
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8755
What Methods May Be Used in Impact Evaluations of Humanitarian Assistance?
Jyotsna Puri, Anastasia Aladysheva, Vegard Iversen, Yashodhan Ghorpade, Tilman Brück
published as: 'Can Rigorous Impact Evaluations Improve Humanitarian Assistance?' in: Journal of Development Effectiveness, 2017, 9 (4), 519 - 542.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8714
Following the Crowd: Leisure Complementarities Beyond the Household
Simon Georges-Kot, Dominique Goux, Eric Maurin
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2017, 35 (4), 1061-1088
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8653
Making Aid Work: Governance and Decentralization
Gil S. Epstein, Ira N. Gang
published in: in Mak Arvin (ed.): Handbook on the Economics of Foreign Aid, Edward Elgar, 2015, 488 - 502
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8592
Does Development Reduce Migration?
Michael A. Clemens
published in: Robert E.B. Lucas, ed. (2014), International Handbook on Migration and Economic Development. London: Edward Elgar, Chap. 6, pp. 152–185.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8591
Commercial Plasma Donation and Individual Health in Impoverished Rural China
Xi Chen
published in: Health Economics Review, 2014, 4, Article 30
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8591
Commercial Plasma Donation and Individual Health in Impoverished Rural China
Xi Chen
published in: Health Economics Review, 2014, 4, Article 30
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8569
Housework Share between Partners: Experimental Evidence on Gender Identity
Katrin Auspurg, Maria Iacovou, Cheti Nicoletti
published in: Social Science Research, 2017, 66, 118-139
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8469
Vacation Leave, Work Hours and Wages: New Evidence from Linked Employer-Employee Data
Ali Fakih
published in: Labour, 2014, 28 (4), 376-398
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