The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising over 14,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics. 

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14,352 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14357
Why a Labour Market Boom Does Not Necessarily Bring Down Inequality: Putting Together Germany's Inequality Puzzle
Martin Biewen, Miriam Sturm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14356
Zooming to Class?: Experimental Evidence on College Students' Online Learning during COVID-19
Michael S. Kofoed, Lucas Gebhart, Dallas Gilmore, Ryan Moschitto
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14355
Time is of the Essence: Climate Adaptation Induced by Existing Institutions
Antonio M. Bento, Noah Miller, Mehreen Mookerjee, Edson R. Severnini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14354
The Political Effects of Immigration: Culture or Economics?
Alberto Alesina, Marco Tabellini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14353
Air Pollution and Adult Cognition: Evidence from Brain Training
Andrea La Nauze, Edson R. Severnini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14352
Effects of Mandatory Military Service on Wages and Other Socioeconomic Outcomes
Patrick A. Puhani, Margret K. Sterrenberg
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14351
Formation of College Plans: Expected Returns, Preferences and Adjustment Process
Ghazala Azmat, Katja Maria Kaufmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14350
Assessing Gender Gaps in Employment and Earnings in Africa: The Case of Eswatini
Zuzana Brixiova, Susumu Imai, Thierry Kangoye, Nadege Desiree Yameogo
published in: Development Southern Africa, 2021, 38 (4), 643–663
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14349
When Should We (Not) Interpret Linear IV Estimands as LATE?
Tymon Sloczynski
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14348
Maternal Labor Supply: Perceived Returns, Constraints, and Social Norms
Teodora Boneva, Katja Maria Kaufmann, Christopher Rauh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14347
Estimating Social Preferences Using Stated Satisfaction: Novel Support for Inequity Aversion
Lina Diaz, Daniel Houser, John Ifcher, Homa Zarghamee
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14346
Friday Morning Fever. Evidence from a Randomized Experiment on Sick Leave Monitoring in the Public Sector
Tito Boeri, Edoardo di Porto, Paolo Naticchioni, Vincenzo Scrutinio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14345
"Too Shocked to Search": The COVID-19 Shutdowns' Impact on the Search for Apprenticeships
Daniel Goller, Stefan C. Wolter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14344
The Economics of Diversity: Innovation, Productivity, and the Labour Market
Ceren Ozgen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14343
Widows’ Time, Time Stress and Happiness: Adjusting to Loss
Daniel S. Hamermesh, Michal Myck, Monika Oczkowska
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14342
Effects of Scaling up Private School Choice Programs on Public School Students
David N. Figlio, Cassandra M. D. Hart, Krzysztof Karbownik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14341
The Race of Man and Machine: Implications of Technology When Abilities and Demand Constraints Matter
Thomas Gries, Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14340
The Effects of Shortening Potential Benefit Duration: Evidence from Regional Cut-Offs and a Policy Reform
Ewa Galecka-Burdziak, Marek Góra, Jonas Jessen, Robin Jessen, Jochen Kluve
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14339
Stratification of Returns to Higher Education in Peru: The Role of Education Quality and Major Choices
Alan Sanchez, Marta Favara, Catherine Porter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14338
Decreasing Time to Baccalaureate Degree in the United States
Jeffrey T. Denning, Eric R. Eide, Kevin J. Mumford, Daniel Sabey
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14337
How Has COVID-19 Affected the Intention to Migrate via the Backway to Europe and to a Neighboring African Country? Survey Evidence and a Salience Experiment in the Gambia
Tijan L. Bah, Catia Batista, Flore Gubert, David McKenzie
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14336
Work from Home & Productivity: Evidence from Personnel & Analytics Data on IT Professionals
Michael Gibbs, Friederike Mengel, Christoph Siemroth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14335
How Does It Feel to Be Part of the Minority? Impacts of Perspective-Taking on Prosocial Behaviors
Marisol Rodríguez Chatruc, Sandra V. Rozo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14334
Is Large-Scale Rapid Cov-2 Testing a Substitute For Lockdowns? The Case of Tuebingen
Marc Diederichs, Peter G. Kremsner, Timo Mitze, Gernot Müller, Dominik Papies, Felix Schulz, Klaus Wälde
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14333
The Dynamics of Return Migration, Human Capital Accumulation, and Wage Assimilation
Jérôme Adda, Christian Dustmann, Joseph-Simon Goerlach
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14332
What Drives Social Returns to Education? A Meta-Analysis
Ying Cui, Pedro S. Martins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14331
Permanent and Transitory Responses to Capital Gains Taxes: Evidence from a Lifetime Exemption in Canada
Adam M. Lavecchia, Alisa Tazhitdinova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14330
The Influence of Value-Chain Governance on Innovation Performance: A Study of Italian Suppliers
Emanuele Brancati, Carlo Pietrobelli, Caio Torres Mazzi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14329
Short-Time Work and Precautionary Savings
Thomas Dengler, Britta Gehrke
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14328
How to Improve Worker-Firm Matching: Evidence from a Temporary Foreign Worker Market
Yoon Y. Cho, Soohyung Lee
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14327
Experiencing Booms and Busts in the Welfare State and Support for Redistribution
Kerstin F. Hansen, Alois Stutzer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14326
Encouragement and Distortionary Effects of Conditional Cash Transfers
Gharad Bryan, Shyamal Chowdhury, Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak, Melanie Morten, Joeri Smits
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14325
The Return to Hours Worked within and across Occupations: Implications for the Gender Wage Gap
Jeffrey T. Denning, Brian A. Jacob, Lars Lefgren, Christian vom Lehn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14324
Death on the Job: The Great Recession and Work-Related Traffic Fatalities
Michael French, Gulcin Gumus
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14323
New Moneys under the New Normal? Bitcoin and Gold Interdependence during COVID Times
Pablo Agnese, Jonathan Thoss
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14322
"Fear Is the Path to the Dark Side". Electoral Results and the Workplace Safety of Immigrants
Anna D’Ambrosio, Roberto Leombruni, Tiziano Razzolini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14321
Labor Market Institutions and the Incidence of Payroll Taxation
Jinyoung Kim, Seonghoon Kim, Kanghyock Koh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14320
Achievement Rank Affects Performance and Major Choices in College
Benjamin Elsner, Ingo E. Isphording, Ulf Zölitz
forthcoming in: Economic Journal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14319
Attitudes Towards Migrants during Crisis Times
Marisol Rodríguez Chatruc, Sandra V. Rozo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14318
The Effects of Unemployment on Health, Hospitalizations, and Mortality - Evidence from Administrative Data
Matija Vodopivec, Suzana Laporsek, Janez Stare, Milan Vodopivec
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14317
Structural Models for Policy-Making: Coping with Parametric Uncertainty
Philipp Eisenhauer, Janos Gabler, Lena Janys
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14316
Mental Health and Abortions among Young Women: Time-Varying Unobserved Heterogeneity, Health Behaviors, and Risky Decisions
Lena Janys, Bettina M. Siflinger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14315
What Explains Vietnam's Exceptional Performance in Education Relative to Other Countries? Analysis of the 2012 and 2015 Pisa Data
Hai-Anh Dang, Paul Glewwe, Khoa Vu, Jongwook Lee
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14314
Understanding the Origins of Populist Political Parties and the Role of External Shocks
Eugenio Levi, Isabelle Sin, Steven Stillman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14313
Gaining, Losing, and Regaining Merit-Based Scholarships
David C. Ribar, Ross Rubenstein
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14312
Racial Diversity, Electoral Preferences, and the Supply of Policy: The Great Migration and Civil Rights
Alvaro Calderon, Vasiliki Fouka, Marco Tabellini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14311
Changing Ingroup Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the US
Vasiliki Fouka, Marco Tabellini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14310
Does Higher Education Make You More Entrepreneurial? Causal Evidence from China
Bin Huang, Massimiliano Tani, Yu Zhu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14309
May AI Revolution Be Labour-Friendly? Some Micro Evidence from the Supply Side
Giacomo Damioli, Vincent Van Roy, Daniel Vertesy, Marco Vivarelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14308
Freedom of Speech, Deterrence, and Compellence in the Parliament
Duha T. Altindag, Naci Mocan, Jie Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14307
Sooner Rather Than Later: Social Networks and Technology Adoption
Shyamal Chowdhury, Varun Satish, Munshi Sulaiman, Yi Sun
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14306
Equal Time for Equal Crime? Racial Bias in School Discipline
Ying Shi, Maria Zhu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14305
Biased Teachers and Gender Gap in Learning Outcomes: Evidence from India
Sonali Rakshit, Soham Sahoo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14304
Malleability of Preferences for Honesty
Johannes Abeler, Armin Falk, Fabian Kosse
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14303
How Does It Feel to Be Part of the Minority? Impacts of Perspective-Taking on Prosocial Behaviors
Marisol Rodríguez Chatruc, Sandra V. Rozo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14302
Minimum Wages in New Zealand: Policy and Practice in the 21st Century
David C. Maré, Dean Hyslop
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14301
Financial Advice and Household Financial Portfolios
Sarah Brown, Alessandro Bucciol, Alberto Montagnoli, Karl Taylor
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14300
Parental Assortative Mating and the Intergenerational Transmission of Human Capital
Paul Bingley, Lorenzo Cappellari, Konstantinos Tatsiramos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14299
More Than a Ban on Smoking? Behavioural Spillovers of Smoking Bans in the Workplace
Joan Costa-Font, Luca Salmasi, Sarah Zaccagni
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14298
Learning Loss and Educational Inequalities in Europe: Mapping the Potential Consequences of the COVID-19 Crisis
Zsuzsa Blaskó, Patricia da Costa, Sylke V. Schnepf
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14297
Opening up Military Innovation: Causal Effects of 'Bottom-up' Reforms to U.S. Defense Research
Sabrina T. Howell, Jason Rathje, John Van Reenen, Jun Wong
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14296
Downstream Effects of Voting on Turnout and Political Preferences: Long-Run Evidence from the UK
Jonas Jessen, Daniel Kühnle, Markus Wagner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14295
Climate Adaptation Policies and Infant Health: Evidence from a Water Policy in Brazil
Daniel Da Mata, Lucas Emanuel, Vitor Pereira, Breno Sampaio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14294
Working Beyond the Normal Retirement Age in Urban China and Urban Russia
Björn Anders Gustafsson, Ludmila Nivorozhkina, Haiyuan Wan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14293
Revisiting Gender Identity and Relative Income within Households: A Cautionary Tale on the Potential Pitfalls of Density Estimators
Daniel Kühnle, Michael Oberfichtner, Kerstin Ostermann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14292
The Public Health Effects of Legalizing Marijuana
D. Mark Anderson, Daniel I. Rees
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14291
The Persistent Effect of Famine on Present-Day China: Evidence from the Billionaires
Pramod Kumar Sur, Masaru Sasaki
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14290
Worker Commitment and Establishment Performance
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14289
Expecting Better? How Young People Form Their Earnings Expectations
Marta Favara, Paul Glewwe, Catherine Porter, Alan Sanchez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14288
Do High Schools Choose Financial Education Policies Based on Their Neighbors?
Allison Oldham Luedtke, Carly Urban
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14287
Common Ownership of Competing Firms: Evidence from Australia
Andrew Leigh, Adam Triggs
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14286
Aversion to Breaking Rules and Migration
Massimo Anelli, Tommaso Colussi, Andrea Ichino
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14285
Job Design, Learning & Intrinsic Motivation
Michael Gibbs
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14284
Dodging a Draft: Gary Becker's Lost Paper on Conscription
Michael Gibbs, Tim Perri
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14283
Wage Flexibility under Sectoral Bargaining
David Card, Ana Rute Cardoso
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14282
Can Older Workers Be Retrained? Canadian Evidence from Worker-Firm Linked Data
Tony Fang, Morley Gunderson, Byron Lee
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14281
Mental Health Costs of Lockdowns: Evidence from Age-Specific Curfews in Turkey
Onur Altindag, Bilge Erten, Pinar Keskin
forthcoming in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14280
Charter Schools and the Segregation of Students by Income
Kari Dalane, Dave E. Marcotte
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14279
Low, High and Super Congestion of a Renewable Natural Resource under Autarky and Trade
Maurice Schiff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14278
By Choice or by Force? Exploring the Nature of Informal Employment in Urban Mexico
Robert Duval Hernández
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14277
Effects of Measures of Teachers' Quality on Tertiary Education Attendance: Evaluation Tests versus Value Added
Juan Díaz, Rafael Sánchez, Gabriel Villarroel, Mauricio G. Villena
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14276
The Changing Distribution of the Male Ethnic Wage Gap in Great Britain
Ken Clark, Steve Nolan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14275
Do Parents Expect Too Much or Is It All about Grades? The Discrepancy between Parents' Aspirations and Child's Academic Performance, and Parental Satisfaction with the School
Stefani Milovanska-Farrington
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14274
The Effect of Child Benefits on Financial Difficulties and Spending Habits: Evidence from Poland's Family 500+ Program
Stefani Milovanska-Farrington
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14273
Job Loss and Food Insecurity during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Stefani Milovanska-Farrington
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14272
The Effect of a Health and Economic Shock on the Gender, Ethnic and Racial Gap in Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from COVID-19
Stefani Milovanska-Farrington
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14271
The Effect of Parental and Grandparental Supervision Time Investment on Children's Early-Age Development
Stefani Milovanska-Farrington
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14270
Happiness, Domains of Life Satisfaction, Perceptions, and Valuation Differences Across Genders
Stefani Milovanska-Farrington, Stephen Farrington
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14269
The Labour Market Impact of COVID-19: Early Evidence for a Sample of Enterprises from Southern Europe
Allan Webster, Sangeeta Khorana, Francesco Pastore
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14268
Do Supplementary Jobs for Welfare Recipients Increase the Chance of Welfare Exit? Evidence from Germany
Alexander Mosthaf, Thorsten Schank, Stefan Schwarz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14267
Development Level of Hosting Areas and the Impact of Refugees on Natives' Labor Market Outcomes
Doğu Tan Aracı, Murat Demirci, Murat G. Kirdar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14266
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health: Disentangling Crucial Channels
Bettina M. Siflinger, Michaela Paffenholz, Sebastian Seitz, Moritz Mendel, Hans-Martin von Gaudecker
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14265
Aid and Radicalization: The Case of Hamas in the West Bank and Gaza
Amit Loewenthal, Sami H. Miaari, Anke Hoeffler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14264
College as a Marriage Market
Lars Kirkeboen, Edwin Leuven, Magne Mogstad
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14263
Out of Communal Land: Clientelism through Delegation of Agricultural Tenancy Contracts
Takashi Kurosaki, Saumik Paul, Firman Witoelar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14262
The Impact of Paid Family Leave on Employers: Evidence from New York
Ann P. Bartel, Maya Rossin-Slater, Christopher J. Ruhm, Meredith Slopen, Jane Waldfogel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14261
Gender, Selection into Employment, and the Wage Impact of Immigration
George J. Borjas, Anthony Edo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14260
Ethnic Mixing in Early Childhood: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment and a Structural Model
Vincent Boucher, Semih Tumen, Michael Vlassopoulos, Jackline Wahba, Yves Zenou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14259
The Effect of Sport in Online Dating: Evidence from Causal Machine Learning
Daniel Boller, Michael Lechner, Gabriel Okasa
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14258
Measuring National Life Satisfaction with Music
Emmanouil Benetos, Alessandro Ragano, Daniel Sgroi, Anthony Tuckwell
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