The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising over 16,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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16,167 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16172
Does a Flexible Parental Leave System Stimulate Maternal Employment?
Lennart Ziegler, Omar Bamieh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16171
Electoral Effects of Integrating Forced Migrants: Evidence from a Southern Country
Sandra V. Rozo, Alejandra Quintana, Maria José Urbina
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16170
More Benefits, Fewer Children: How Regularization Affects Immigrant Fertility
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Ana Maria Ibanez, Sandra V. Rozo, Salvador Traettino
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16169
Unsafe Temperatures, Unsafe Jobs: The Impact of Weather Conditions on Work-Related Injuries
Mattia Filomena, Matteo Picchio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16168
Perceived Ability and School Choices: Experimental Evidence and Scale-up Effects
Matteo Bobba, Veronica Frisancho, Marco Pariguana
This paper is an updated version of IZA DP No. 10360 (2016).
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16167
Impact of Early Childhood School Intervention on Enrollment and Learning Outcomes: Evaluation of a Public Program in India
Nilanjan Bhattacharya, Debayan Pakrashi, Sarani Saha, Soham Sahoo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16166
Campaign Connections
Samuel Bazzi, Claudio Labanca
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16165
Patient versus Provider Incentives in Long-Term Care
Martin B. Hackmann, Vincent Pohl, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16164
Are Immigrants More Left Wing than Natives?
Simone Moriconi, Giovanni Peri, Riccardo Turati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16163
Sendemails: An Automated Email Package with Multiple Applications
Luca Fumarco, S. Michael Gaddis, Francesco Sarracino, I. Snoddy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16162
The Impact of COVID-19 on Access to Mental Healthcare Services
Benjamin Harrell, Luca Fumarco, Patrick Button, David J. Schwegman, Kyla Denwood
published in: AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2023,113, 420 - 422
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16161
Stephen versus Stephanie? Does Gender Matter for Peer-to-Peer Career Advice
Grace Lordan, Warn N. Lekfuangfu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16160
Minimum Wages, Productivity, and Reallocation
Mirja Haelbig, Matthias Mertens, Steffen Müller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16159
Religion, Ideology and Fertility
Kazuhiro Kumo, Cristiano Perugini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16158
Neighbourhood Gangs, Crime Spillovers, and Teenage Motherhood
Christian Dustmann, Mikkel Mertz, Anna Okatenko
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16157
How Does the Beauty of Wives Affect Post-Marriage Family Outcomes? Helen's Face in Chinese Households
Junsen Zhang, Shulan Fei, Yanbing Wen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16156
Expecting Brexit and UK Migration: Should I Go?
Valentina Di Iasio, Jackline Wahba
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16155
Maternal Life Satisfaction and Child Development from Toddlerhood to Adolescence
Nabanita Datta Gupta, Jonas Jessen, C. Katharina Spiess
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16154
A Simple Model of a Central Bank Digital Currency
Bineet Mishra, Eswar Prasad
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16153
Long-Term Effects of Hiring Subsidies for Low-Educated Unemployed Youths
Andrea Albanese, Bart Cockx, Muriel Dejemeppe
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16152
Like Mother, like Child? The Rise of Women's Intergenerational Income Persistence in Sweden and the United States
Gunnar Brandén, Martin Nybom, Kelly Vosters
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16151
Free to Fail? Paternalistic Preferences in the United States
Björn Bartling, Alexander W. Cappelen, Henning Hermes, Marit Skivenes, Bertil Tungodden
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16150
Improving Health and Safety in the Informal Sector: Evidence from a Randomized Trial in Bangladesh
Asad Islam, Wang-Sheng Lee, Margaret Triyana, Xing Xia
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16149
Higher Education Opportunity and the Choice of Vocational vs. Academic High School
Chunbing Xing, Yan Sun, Chuliang Luo
forthcoming in: China Economic Quarterly International, 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16148
Husbands' Wages and Married Women's Labor Supply in Urban China
Mengbing Zhu, Yi Li, Chunbing Xing
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16147
Helping and Antisocial Behavior in the Workplace
Michael Haylock, Patrick Kampkötter, Michael Kosfeld, Ferdinand von Siemens
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16146
Who Is to Suffer? Quantifying the Impact of Sanctions on German Firms
Holger Görg, Anna Jacobs, Saskia Meuchelböck
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16145
Prior Work Experience and Entrepreneurship: The Careers of Young Entrepreneurs
Nicolas Gendron-Carrier
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16144
Minimum Global Tax: Winners and Losers in the Race for Mergers and Acquisitions
Vito Amendolagine, Randolph Luca Bruno, Maria Cipollina, Gianluigi De Pascale
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16143
For Better or Worse? Subjective Expectations and Cost-Benefit Trade-Offs in Health Behavior
Gabriella Conti, Pamela Giustinelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16142
Donations and Unpaid Activities
Olaf Hübler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16141
Information Nudges, Subsidies, and Crowding Out of Attention: Field Evidence from Energy Efficiency Investments
Matthias Rodemeier, Andreas Löschel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16140
Has China's Growth Gone from Miracle to Malady?
Eswar Prasad
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16139
Melancholy Hues: The Futility of Green Growth and Degrowth, and the Inevitability of Societal Collapse
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16138
The Gender Reference Point Gap
Nathan Kettlewell, Jonathan Levy, Agnieszka Tymula, Xueting Wang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16137
Nudging in Complex Environments
Alexander K. Koch, Dan Monster, Julia Nafziger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16136
Women's Transitions in the Labour Market as a Result of Childbearing: The Challenges of Formal Sector Employment in Indonesia
Lisa A. Cameron, Diana Contreras Suarez, Yi-Ping Tseng
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16135
Marriage Markets and the Rise of Dowry in India
Gaurav Chiplunkar, Jeffrey Weaver
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16134
Cognitive Skills among Adults: An Impeding Factor for Gender Convergence?
Michele Battisti, Alexandra Fedorets, Lavinia Kinne
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16133
The Economic Approach to Personality, Character and Virtue
James J. Heckman, Bridget Galaty, Haihan Tian
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16132
Forward-Looking Labor Supply Responses to Changes in Pension Wealth: Evidence from Germany
Elisabeth Artmann, Nicola Fuchs-Schündeln, Giulia Giupponi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16131
How Do Political Connections of Firms Matter during an Economic Crisis?
Yutong Chen, Gaurav Chiplunkar, Sheetal Sekhri, Anirban Sen, Aaditeshwar Seth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16130
On a Tendency in Health Economics to Dwell on Income Inequality and Underestimate Social Stress
Oded Stark
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16129
The Child Tax Credit over Time by Family Type: Benefit Eligibility and Poverty
Margaret E. Brehm, Olga Malkova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16128
Robots, Occupations, and Worker Age: A Production-Unit Analysis of Employment
Liuchun Deng, Steffen Müller, Verena Plümpe, Jens Stegmaier
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16127
The Worth of Cities in Germany
Katja Gehr, Michael P. Pflüger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16126
After You. Cognition and Health-Distribution Preferences
Martín Brun, Conchita D'Ambrosio, Ada Ferrer-i-Carbonell, Xavier Ramos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16125
Using Genes to Explore the Relationship of Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills with Education and Labor Market Outcomes
Thomas Buser, Rafael Ahlskog, Magnus Johannesson, Philipp Koellinger, Sven Oskarsson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16124
Long-Run Consequences of Informal Elderly Care and Implications of Public Long-Term Care Insurance
Thorben Korfhage, Björn Fischer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16123
Incentivizing Team Leaders: A Firm-Level Experiment on Subjective Performance Evaluation of Leadership Skills
Thomas Gall, Xiaocheng Hu, Michael Vlassopoulos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16122
Labour Costs and the Decision to Hire the First Employee
Bart Cockx, Sam Desiere
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16121
A Theory of Non-Coasean Labor Markets
Andrés Blanco, Andres Drenik, Christian Moser, Emilio Zaratiegui
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16120
British Voting Intentions and the Far Reach of 11 September Terrorist Attacks in New York
Elena G. F. Stancanelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16119
Weight, Attractiveness, and Gender When Hiring: A Field Experiment in Spain
Catarina Goulão, Juan A. Lacomba, Francisco Lagos, Dan-Olof Rooth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16118
The Impact of Margaret Sanger's Birth Control Clinics on Early 20th Century U.S. Fertility and Mortality
Stefan Bauernschuster, Michael Grimm, Cathy M. Hajo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16117
Where Do STEM Graduates Stem From? The Intergenerational Transmission of Comparative Skill Advantages
Eric A. Hanushek, Babs Jacobs, Guido Schwerdt, Rolf Van der Velden, Stan Vermeulen, Simon Wiederhold
This paper is an updated version of IZA DP No. 14854 (2021).
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16116
'Earned, Not Given'? The Effect of Lowering the Full Retirement Age on Retirement Decisions
Mathias Dolls, Carla Krolage
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16115
Child Health, Parental Well-Being, and the Social Safety Net
Achyuta Adhvaryu, N. Meltem Daysal, Snaebjorn Gunnsteinsson, Teresa Molina, Herdis Steingrimsdottir
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16114
Socioeconomic Inequality in Low-Carbon Technology Adoption
Andrew Burlinson, Apostolos Davillas, Monica Giulietti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16113
Unpacking Neighborhood Effects: Experimental Evidence from a Large-Scale Housing Program in Brazil
Carlos Alberto Belchior, Gustavo Gonzaga, Gabriel Ulyssea
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16112
Estimating the Laffer Tax Rate on Capital Income: Cross-Base Responses Matter!
Marie-Noëlle Lefebvre, Etienne Lehmann, Michaël Sicsic
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16111
School Quality beyond Test Scores: The Role of Schools in Shaping Educational Outcomes
Annalisa Loviglio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16110
Temperature and Fertility: Evidence from Spanish Register Data
Risto Conte Keivabu, Marco Cozzani, Joshua Wilde
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16109
Swallow This: Childhood and Adolescent Exposure to Fast Food Restaurants, BMI, and Cognitive Ability
Sara Abrahamsson, Aline Bütikofer, Krzysztof Karbownik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16108
The Long-Term Causal Effects of Winning an ERC Grant
Corinna Ghirelli, Enkelejda Havari, Elena Claudia Meroni, Stefano Verzillo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16107
Minimum Wage and Tolerance for High Incomes
Andrea Fazio, Tommaso G. Reggiani
final version accepted for publication: European Economic Review
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16106
Inflation Expectations and Misallocation of Resources: Evidence from Italy
Tiziano Ropele, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Olivier Coibion
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16105
A Tale of Two Bankruptcies: Geographic Differences in Bankruptcy Chapter Choice
Nathaniel Pattison, Daniel L. Millimet
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16104
Imperfect Signals
Georg Graetz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16103
Intergenerational Scars: The Impact of Parental Unemployment on Individual Health Later in Life
Michele Ubaldi, Matteo Picchio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16102
Financial Literacy, Experimental Preference Measures and Field Behavior – A Randomized Educational Intervention
Matthias Sutter, Michael Weyland, Anna Untertrifaller, Manuel Froitzheim, Sebastian O. Schneider
this paper presents an update of the former IZA Discussion Paper No. 13566
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16101
Is Mobile Money Changing Rural Africa? Evidence from a Field Experiment
Catia Batista, Pedro C. Vicente
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16100
Disability and Labor Market Performance
Matthias Collischon, Karolin Hiesinger, Laura Pohlan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16099
Rich Grad, Poor Grad: Family Background and College Major Choice
Margaret Leighton, Jamin D. Speer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16098
Longer Careers: A Barrier to Hiring and Coworker Advancement?
Irene Ferrari, Jan Kabátek, Todd Morris
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16097
Marriage versus Cohabitation: How Specialization and Time Use Differ by Relationship Type
Leslie S. Stratton
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16096
Gender Equity in Labor Market Opportunities and Aggregate Technical Efficiency: A Case of Equity Promoting Efficiency
Gautam Hazarika, Maroula Khraiche, Levent Kutlu
forthcoming in: Applied Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16095
Labour Market Reallocation Effects of COVID-19 Policies in Spain: A Tale of Two Recessions
Antonia Diaz, Juan J. Dolado, Álvaro Jáñez, Felix Wellschmied
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16094
The Effects of FDI Liberalization on Structural Transformation and Demographic Change: Evidence from China
Bilge Erten, Jessica Leight, Lianming Zhu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16093
Early Childhood Conditions and Adolescent Mental Health
Bilge Erten, Pinar Keskin, Rodrigo Pinto, Huihua Xie, Lianming Zhu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16092
Does Extreme Temperature Exposure Take a Toll on Mental Health? Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Yanran Chen, Ruochen Sun, Xi Chen, Xuezheng Qin
forthcoming in: Environment and Development Economics, 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16091
Access to Language Training and the Local Integration of Refugees
Mette Foged, Cynthia van der Werf
accepted in: Labour Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16090
Time-Use and Subjective Well-Being: Is Diversity Really the Spice of Life?
Naomi Friedman-Sokuler, Claudia Senik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16089
Non-college Occupations, Workplace Routinization, and the Gender Gap in College Enrollment
Amanda Chuan, Weilong Zhang
latest version
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16088
Employing the Unemployed of Marienthal: Evaluation of a Guaranteed Job Program
Maximilian Kasy, Lukas Lehner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16087
Make Your Own Luck: The Wage Gains from Starting College in a Bad Economy
Alena Bicakova, Guido Matias Cortes, Jacopo Mazza
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16086
Parental and Student Time Use around the Academic Year
Benjamin Cowan, Todd R. Jones, Jeffrey Swigert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16085
The Determinants of Refugees' Destinations: Where Do Refugees Locate within the EU?
Valentina Di Iasio, Jackline Wahba
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16084
Risk Aversion and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy
Anthony Lepinteur, Liyousew G. Borga, Andrew E. Clark, Claus Vögele, Conchita D'Ambrosio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16083
Employers' Demand for Personality Traits
Vera Brenčič, Andrew McGee
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16082
Discrimination on the Child Care Market: A Nationwide Field Experiment
Henning Hermes, Fabian Mierisch, Frauke Peter, Simon Wiederhold, Philipp Lergetporer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16081
The Labor Market Returns to Very Short Postsecondary Certificates
Rajeev Darolia, Chuanyi Guo, Youngran Kim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16080
Impact of Graduating with Honors on Entry Wages of Economics Majors
Salim Atay, Gunes A. Asik, Semih Tumen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16079
The Increasing Penalty to Occupation-Education Mismatch
Hugh Cassidy, Amanda Gaulke
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16078
Shifts in Composition of Jobs: Upgrading, Downgrading or Polarization? The Case of Russia 2000-2019
Vladimir Gimpelson, Rostislav Kapeliushnikov
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16077
Refugee Benefit Cuts
Christian Dustmann, Rasmus Landerso, Lars Højsgaard Andersen
accepted for publication in: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16076
Correcting Racial Injustice: Forensic DNA Technology and the Exoneration of the Wrongfully Convicted
Rocco D'Este, Noam Yuchtman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16075
Permanent Instability of Preferences after COVID-19 Crisis: A Natural Experiment from Urban Burkina Faso
Delphine Boutin, Laurene Petifour, Haris Megzari
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16074
School Closures and Student Achievement: Evidence from a High Stakes Exam
Marc Riudavets-Barcons, Roope Uusitalo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16073
Happiness in Old Age: The Daughter Connection
Pataporn Sukontamarn, Niaz Asadullah, Nopphawan Photphisutthiphong, Yen Thi Hai Nguyen
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