The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising over 13,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics. 

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13,802 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13807
Higher Education Financing and the Educational Aspirations of Teenagers and their Parents
Dan Anderberg, Arnaud Chevalier, Lena Hassani Nezhad, Melanie Lührmann, Ronni Pavan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13806
Did the Bologna Process Challenge the German Apprenticeship System? Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Stephan L. Thomsen, Johannes Trunzer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13805
National or Local? The Demand for News in Italy during COVID-19
Stefano Castriota, Marco Delmastro, Mirco Tonin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13804
Human Capital Development: New Evidence on the Production of Socio-Emotional Skills
Mark Mitchell, Marta Favara, Catherine Porter, Alan Sanchez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13803
Diagnostic Tests for Homoskedasticity in Spatial Cross-Sectional or Panel Models
Badi H. Baltagi, Alain Pirotte, Zhenlin Yang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13802
Employment Opportunities and High School Completion during the COVID-19 Recession
Kunwon Ahn, Jun Yeong Lee, John V. Winters
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13801
How Does the COVID-19 Crisis Affect Labor Demand? An Analysis Using Job Board Data From Austria
Omar Bamieh, Lennart Ziegler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13800
Re-Examining Supplier-Induced Demand in Health Care: Comparisons among Patients Affiliated and Not Affiliated with Healthcare Professionals in China
Yafei Si, Zhongliang Zhou, Min Su, Han Hu, Zesen Yang, Xi Chen
forthcoming in: BMC Health Services Research
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13799
Robots and Worker Voice: An Empirical Exploration
Filippo Belloc, Gabriel Burdin, Fabio Landini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13798
To Buy or Not to Buy? Price Salience in an Online Shopping Field Experiment
Markus Dertwinkel-Kalt, Mats Köster, Matthias Sutter
forthcoming in: European Economic Review
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13797
Economics and Epidemics: Evidence from an Estimated Spatial Econ-SIR Model
Mark Bognanni, Doug Hanley, Daniel Kolliner, Kurt Mitman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13796
School Selectivity, Peers, and Mental Health
Aline Bütikofer, Rita Ginja, Fanny Landaud, Katrine Vellesen Loken
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13795
Expressway to Power: Infrastructure Projects and Political Support
Mevlude Akbulut-Yuksel, Dozie Okoye, Belgi Turan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13794
Judge Bias in Labor Courts and Firm Performance
Pierre Cahuc, Stéphane Carcillo, Bérengère Patault, Flavien Moreau
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13793
Search Costs and the Determinants of Job Search
Emily A. Beam
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13792
Working Less to Take Care of Parents? Labor Market Effects of Family Long-Term Care in Four Latin American Countries
Marco Stampini, María Laura Oliveri, Pablo Ibarrarán, Diana Londoño, Ho June (Sean) Rhee, Gillinda M. James
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13791
School Schedule and the Gender Pay Gap
Emma Duchini, Clémentine Van Effenterre
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13790
School Re-Openings after Summer Breaks in Germany Did Not Increase SARS-CoV-2 Cases
Ingo E. Isphording, Marc Lipfert, Nico Pestel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13789
Assessing Selection Bias in Non-Experimental Estimates of the Returns to Workplace Training
Jan Sauermann, Anders Stenberg
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13788
Historical Data: Where to Find Them, How to Use Them
Paola Giuliano, Andrea Matranga
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13787
The Performance of Consumers' Cooperatives in America
John Pencavel
forthcoming in: Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13786
Tax-Benefit Systems and the Gender Gap in Income
Karina Doorley, Claire Keane
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13785
How to Remove the Testing Bias in CoV-2 Statistics
Klaus Wälde
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13784
Crimes against Morality: Unintended Consequences of Criminalizing Sex Work
Lisa A. Cameron, Jennifer Seager, Manisha Shah
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13783
Cultural Identity and Social Capital in Italy
Daniel Sgroi, Michela Redoano, Federica Liberini, Ben Lockwood, Emanuele Bracco, Francesco Porcelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13782
The Effects of International Scrutiny on Manufacturing Workers: Evidence from the Rana Plaza Collapse in Bangladesh
Laurent Bossavie, Yoon Y. Cho, Rachel Heath
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13781
Grandparents, Moms, or Dads? Why Children of Teen Mothers Do Worse in Life
Anna Aizer, Paul J. Devereux, Kjell G. Salvanes
forthcoming in: Journal of Human Resources
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13780
The Nurture of Nature and the Nature of Nurture: How Genes and Investments Interact in the Formation of Skills
Mikkel Aagaard Houmark, Victor Ronda, Michael Rosholm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13779
Fired and Pregnant: Gender Differences in Job Flexibility Outcomes after Job Loss
Jordy Meekes, Wolter Hassink
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13778
Determinants of the Community Mobility during the COVID-19 Epidemic: The Role of Government Regulations and Information
Silvia Mendolia, Olena Stavrunova, Oleg Yerokhin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13777
The Effect of Antimalarial Campaigns on Child Mortality and Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa
Joshua Wilde, Bénédicte Apouey, Joseph Coleman, Gabriel Picone
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13776
COVID-19 and the Future of US Fertility: What Can We Learn from Google?
Joshua Wilde, Wei Chen, Sophie Lohmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13775
Dancing with the Populist: New Parties, Electoral Rules and Italian Municipal Elections
Massimo Bordignon, Tommaso Colussi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13774
Health of Elderly Parents, Their Children's Labor Supply, and the Role of Migrant Care Workers
Wolfgang Frimmel, Martin Halla, Jörg Paetzold, Julia Schmieder
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13773
Why Are Africa's Female Entrepreneurs Not Playing the Export Game? Evidence from Ghana
Charles G. Ackah, Holger Görg, Aoife Hanley, Cecília Hornok
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13772
Long-Term Effects of Individual Placement and Support Services for Disability Benefits Recipients with Severe Mental Illnesses
Marloes De Graaf-Zijl, Marcel Spijkerman, Wim Zwinkels
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13771
An Intensive, School-Based Learning Camp Targeting Academic and Non-Cognitive Skills Evaluated in a Randomized Trial
Charlotte Hvidman, Alexander K. Koch, Julia Nafziger, Søren Albeck Nielsen, Michael Rosholm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13770
The Effect of Grade Retention on Adult Crime: Evidence from a Test-Based Promotion Policy
Ozkan Eren, Michael Lovenheim, Naci Mocan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13769
Can Superstition Create a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy? School Outcomes of Dragon Children of China
Naci Mocan, Han Yu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13768
The Gender Gap in Aversion to COVID-19 Exposure: Evidence from Professional Tennis
Zuzanna Kowalik, Piotr Lewandowski
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13767
Transfer Payment Systems and Financial Distress: Insights from Health Insurance Premium Subsidies
Christian P. R. Schmid, Nicolas Schreiner, Alois Stutzer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13766
Does the Wealth Tax Kill Jobs?
Marie Bjørneby, Simen Markussen, Knut Røed
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13765
From Parent to Child? The Long-Lasting Effects of Social Support
Ambra Poggi, Guyonne Kalb
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13764
The Transition to Self-Employment and Perceived Skill-Mismatches: Panel Data Evidence from Eleven EU Countries
Judit Albiol Sanchez, Luis Diaz-Serrano, Mercedes Teruel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13763
A Subscription vs. Appropriation Framework for Natural Resource Conflicts
Dripto Bakshi, Indraneel Dasgupta
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13762
Work, Care and Gender during the COVID-19 Crisis
Claudia Hupkau, Barbara Petrongolo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13761
An Adverse Social Welfare Effect of Quadruply Gainful Trade
Oded Stark, Grzegorz Kosiorowski
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13760
The Crisis and Job Guarantees in Urban India
Swati Dhingra, Stephen Machin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13759
Children and the Remaining Gender Gaps in the Labor Market
Patricia Cortes, Jessica Pan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13758
Discountinous System of Allowances: The Response of Prosocial Health-Care Professionals
Helena Hernandez-Pizarro, Catia Nicodemo, Guillem López Casasnovas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13757
Measuring Geographical Disparities in England at the Time of COVID-19: Results Using a Composite Indicator of Population Vulnerability
Catia Nicodemo, Samira Barzin, Daniel S. Lasserson, Francesco Moscone, Stuart Redding, Mujaheed Shaikh, Nicolò Cavalli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13756
Work Disability after Motherhood and How Paternity Leave Can Help
Sébastien Fontenay, Ilan Tojerow
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13755
An Introduction to the Economics of Immigration in OECD Countries
Anthony Edo, Lionel Ragot, Hillel Rapoport, Sulin Sardoschau, Andreas Steinmayr, Arthur Sweetman
Forthcoming in: Canadian Journal of Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13754
Flexible Wages, Bargaining, and the Gender Gap
Barbara Biasi, Heather Sarsons
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13753
Framing the Predicted Impacts of COVID-19 Prophylactic Measures in Terms of Lives Saved Rather Than Deaths Is More Effective for Older People
Pietro Biroli, Steven J. Bosworth, Marina Della Giusta, Amalia Di Girolamo, Sylvia Jaworska, Jeremy Vollen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13752
Parental Unemployment, Social Insurance and Child Well-Being across Countries
Kerstin F. Hansen, Alois Stutzer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13751
Long-Term Effects of School-Starting-Age Rules
Hessel Oosterbeek, Simon ter Meulen, Bas van der Klaauw
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13750
Ethnic Employment Gaps of Graduates in the Netherlands
Paul Bisschop, Bas ter Weel, Jelle Zwetsloot
published in: De Economist, 2020, 168(4), 577-598
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13749
Act Early to Prevent Infections and Save Lives: Causal Impact of Diagnostic Efficiency on the COVID-19 Pandemic
Simiao Chen, Zhangfeng Jin, David E. Bloom
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13748
U.S. Immigration Policy and Immigrant Fertility
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Esther Arenas-Arroyo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13747
Do Public Subsidies of Union Membership Increase Union Membership Rates?
Erling Barth, Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13746
Committee Decision-Making under the Threat of Leaks
Sebastian Fehrler, Volker Hahn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13745
Predictors of Social Distancing and Mask-Wearing Behavior: Panel Survey in Seven U.S. States
Plamen Nikolov, Andreas Pape, Ozlem Tonguc, Charlotte Williams
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13744
Maternal Stress and Offspring Lifelong Labor Market Outcomes
Vincenzo Atella, Edoardo di Porto, Joanna Kopinska, Maarten Lindeboom
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13743
Give Me Your Tired and Your Poor: Impact of a Large-Scale Amnesty Program for Undocumented Refugees
Dany Bahar, Ana Maria Ibanez, Sandra V. Rozo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13742
Lives Saved during Economic Downturns: Evidence from Australia
Kadir Atalay, Rebecca Edwards, Stefanie Schurer, David Ubilava
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13741
Strength in Numbers: A Field Experiment in Gender, Influence, and Group Dynamics
Olga B. Stoddard, Christopher F. Karpowitz, Jessica Preece
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13740
The Role of Unemployment and Job Change When Estimating the Returns to Migration
Julian Emmler, Bernd Fitzenberger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13739
Happier with Vocational Education?
Giorgio Brunello
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13738
Financial Distress and the Role of Management in Micro and Small-Sized Firms
Fernando Alexandre, Sara Cruz, Miguel Portela
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13737
Working from Home in Developing Countries
Charles Gottlieb, Jan Grobovsek, Markus Poschke, Fernando Saltiel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13736
Borderline Disorder: (De Facto) Historical Ethnic Borders and Contemporary Conflict in Africa
Emilio Depetris-Chauvin, Ömer Özak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13735
Expanding the Measurement of Culture with a Sample of Two Billion Humans
Nick Obradovich, Ömer Özak, Ignacio Martín, Edmond Awad, Manuel Cebrián, Rubén Cuevas, Klaus Desmet, Iyad Rahwan, Ángel Cuevas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13734
STEM Occupations and the Gender Gap: What Can We Learn from Job Tasks?
Jamin D. Speer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13733
Do Recruiters Select Workers with Different Personality Traits for Different Tasks? A Discrete Choice Experiment
Caroline Wehner, Andries de Grip, Harald Pfeifer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13732
Nudging Demand for Academic Support Services: Experimental and Structural Evidence from Higher Education
Todd Pugatch, Nicholas Wilson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13731
Importing Inequality: Immigration and the Top 1 Percent
Arun Advani, Felix Koenig, Lorenzo Pessina, Andy Summers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13730
International Student Enrollments and Selectivity: Evidence from the Optional Practical Training Program
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Kevin Y. Shih, Huanan Xu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13729
The Expected (Signaling) Value of Higher Education
Laura Ehrmantraut, Pia Pinger, Renske Stans
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13728
English Skills and Early Labour Market Integration of Humanitarian Migrants
Zhiming Cheng, Ben Wang, Zhou Jiang, Lucy Taksa, Massimiliano Tani
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13727
Happy Pills? Mental Health Effects of the Dramatic Increase of Antidepressant Use
Giuliano Masiero, Fabrizio Mazzonna, Sandro Steinbach
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13726
Returns to Education in the Russian Federation: Some New Estimates
Ekaterina Melianova, Suhas Parandekar, Harry A. Patrinos, Artëm Volgin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13725
Are Older People Aware of Their Cognitive Decline? Misperception and Financial Decision Making
Fabrizio Mazzonna, Franco Peracchi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13724
The Effect of Community Size on Electoral Preferences: Evidence From Post-WWII Southern Germany
Luciana C. Fiorini, Michael Jetter, Christopher F. Parmeter, Christopher Parsons
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13723
How People Know Their Risk Preference
Ruben C. Arslan, Martin Brümmer, Thomas Dohmen, Johanna Drewelies, Ralph Hertwig, Gert G. Wagner
published in: Scientific Reports, 2020, 10, No. 15365
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13722
India's Calorie Consumption Puzzle: Insights From the Stochastic Cost Frontier Analysis of Calorie Purchases
Gautam Hazarika, Sourabh Bikas Paul
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13721
First in Their Families at University: Can Non-cognitive Skills Compensate for Social Origin?
Rebecca Edwards, Rachael Gibson, Colm P. Harmon, Stefanie Schurer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13720
Who is Resilient in a Time of Crisis? The Importance of Financial and Non-Financial Resources
David W. Johnston, Claryn S. J. Kung, Michael A. Shields
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13719
Saving Neonatal Lives for a Quarter
Christine Valente, Hans Henrik Sievertsen, Mahesh C. Puri
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13718
Promises and Limitations of Nudging in Education
Philip Oreopoulos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13717
Corporate Hierarchies under Employee Representation
Filippo Belloc, Gabriel Burdin, Fabio Landini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13716
How Is the COVID-19 Crisis Exacerbating Socioeconomic Inequality among Palestinians in Israel?
Sami H. Miaari, Maha Sabbah-Karkabi, Amit Loewenthal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13715
Changes in Healthcare Utilization, Spending, and Perceived Health during COVID–19: A Longitudinal Study from Singapore
SangNam Ahn, Seonghoon Kim, Kanghyock Koh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13714
A Note on the Importance of Normalizations in Dynamic Latent Factor Models of Skill Formation
Emilia Del Bono, Josh Kinsler, Ronni Pavan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13713
Skill Formation and the Trouble with Child Non-Cognitive Skill Measures
Emilia Del Bono, Josh Kinsler, Ronni Pavan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13712
Gendering Technological Change: Evidence from Agricultural Mechanization
Farzana Afridi, Monisankar Bishnu, Kanika Mahajan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13711
The Ties That Bind Us: Social Networks and Productivity in the Factory
Farzana Afridi, Amrita Dhillon, Swati Sharma
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13710
Aggregate Effects from Public Works: Evidence from India
C. Justin Cook, Manisha Shah
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13709
Tuition Fees and Educational Attainment
Jan Bietenbeck, Jan Marcus, Felix Weinhardt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13708
Access to Finance among Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Job Creation in Africa
Zuzana Brixiova, Thierry Kangoye, Urbain Thierry Yogo
forthcoming in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2020
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