The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising over 14,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics. 

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15,304 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15309
Training, Productivity and Wages: Direct Evidence from a Temporary Help Agency
Xinwei Dong, Dean Hyslop, Daiji Kawaguchi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15308
Effort at Work and Worker Well-Being in the US
J. Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina, Almudena Sevilla
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15307
Perceived Returns to Job Search
Abigail Adams-Prassl, Teodora Boneva, Marta Golin, Christopher Rauh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15306
Locus of Control, Self-Control, and Health Outcomes
Ferdi Botha, Sarah C. Dahmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15305
Housing Unaffordability and Adolescent Subjective Well-Being in China
Peng Nie, Qiaoge Li, Alfonso Sousa-Poza
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15304
Parents' Effective Time Endowment and Divorce: Evidence from Extended School Days
María Padilla-Romo, Cecilia Peluffo, Mariana Viollaz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15303
The Impact of Robots on Labour Market Transitions in Europe
Ronald Bachmann, Myrielle Gonschor, Piotr Lewandowski, Karol Madoń
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15302
Income Tax Policy in Europe between Two Crises: From the Great Recession to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Michal Myck, Kajetan Trzciński
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15301
Migration and University Education: An Empirical (Macro) Link
Sule Akkoyunlu, Gil S. Epstein, Ira N. Gang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15300
Real Estate Agent Earnings and Local Housing Prices
Barry Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, Zichong (Tom) Qu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15299
Returns to Higher Education - Graduate and Discipline Premiums
Yu Zhu, Lei Xu
Forthcoming as a book chapter in the Springer Nature Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15298
Terrorism, Media Coverage and Education: Evidence from Al-Shabaab Attacks in Kenya
Marco Alfano, Joseph-Simon Goerlach
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15297
The Effect of Higher Education on Women's Obesity and Smoking: Evidence from College Openings in Turkey
Badi H. Baltagi, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Haci M. Karatas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15296
How Does the Economic Uncertainty Affect Asset Prices under Normal and Financial Distress Times?
Mehmet Balcilar, Zeynel Abidin Ozdemir, Huseyin Ozdemir, Gurcan Aygun, Mark E. Wohar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15295
Safeguarding Consumers through Minimum Quality Standards: Milk Inspections and Urban Mortality, 1880-1910
D. Mark Anderson, Kerwin Kofi Charles, Michael McKelligott, Daniel I. Rees
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15294
Hiding the Elephant: The Tragedy of COVID Policy and Its Economist Apologists
Gigi Foster, Paul Frijters
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15293
Monopsony Makes Firms Not Only Small but Also Unproductive: Why East Germany Has Not Converged
Rüdiger Bachmann, Christian Bayer, Heiko Stüber, Felix Wellschmied
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15292
Do Losses Trigger Deliberative Reasoning?
Jeffrey P. Carpenter, David Munro
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15291
Beyond Barker: Infant Mortality at Birth and Ischaemic Heart Disease in Older Age
Samuel Baker, Pietro Biroli, Hans van Kippersluis, Stephanie von Hinke Kessler Scholder
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15290
Optimal Travel Restrictions in Epidemics
Wei Shi, Yun Qiu, Pei Yu, Xi Chen
(prepared for the webinar: Modeling COVID-19 Pandemic: Resources, Methodology and Applications)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15289
De-facto Gaps in Social Protection for Standard and Non-standard Workers: An Approach for Monitoring the Accessibility and Levels of Income Support
Herwig Immervoll, Rodrigo Fernandez, Raphaela Hyee, Jongmi Lee, Daniele Pacifico
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15288
Income Shocks, Bride Price and Child Marriage in Turkey
Isabelle Chort, Rozenn Hotte, Karine Marazyan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15287
Financial Literacy Amongst Young People: When Does the Gender Gap Begin?
Alison Preston, Robert E. Wright
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15286
Trade Liberalization and Human Capital Accumulation: Evidence from Indian Census
Mehtabul Azam
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15285
Homosexuality's Signalling Function in Job Candidate Screening: Why Gay Is (Mostly) OK
Philippe Sterkens, Axana Dalle, Joey Wuyts, Ines Pauwels, Hellen Durinck, Stijn Baert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15284
Accounting for Firms in Ethnicity Wage Gaps throughout the Earnings Distribution
Van Phan, Carl Singleton, Alex Bryson, John Forth, Felix Ritchie, Lucy Stokes, Damian Whittard
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15283
Minimum Wages and the Rise in Solo Self-Employment
Angelika Ganserer, Terry Gregory, Ulrich Zierahn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15282
What's across the Border? Re-Evaluating the Cross-Border Evidence on Minimum Wage Effects
Priyaranjan Jha, David Neumark, Antonio Rodriguez-Lopez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15281
Gender Gaps in Early Wage Expectations
Andreas Leibing, Frauke Peter, Sevrin Waights, C. Katharina Spieß
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15280
The Third Mission in the Academic Profession: Empirical Insights into Academic Identities
Vitus Püttmann, Stephan L. Thomsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15279
The Full Returns to the Choice of Occupation and Education
Andrew E. Clark, Maria Cotofan, Richard Layard
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15278
Do Educated Leaders Affect Economic Development? Evidence from India
Chandan Jain, Shagun Kashyap, Rahul Lahoti, Soham Sahoo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15277
Television Market Size and Political Accountability in the US House of Representatives
Patrick Balles, Ulrich Matter, Alois Stutzer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15276
Alcohol Price Floors and Externalities: The Case of Fatal Road Crashes
Marco Francesconi, Jonathan James
forthcoming in: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15275
Strategic Complexity and the Value of Thinking
David Gill, Victoria L. Prowse
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15274
Reward or Punishment? The Distribution of Life-Cycle Returns to Political Office
Jens Olav Dahlgaard, Nicolai Kristensen, Frederik Kjøller Larsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15273
Human Capital Growth - with Region and Gender in Perspective
Gang Liu, Barbara M. Fraumeni, Shunsuke Managi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15272
Older Mothers' Employment and Marriage Stability When the Nest Is Empty
Hippolyte D'Albis, Karina Doorley, Elena G. F. Stancanelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15271
Specialists or All-Rounders: How Best to Select University Students?
Pedro Luís Silva
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15270
Lockdown and Rural Joblessness in India: Gender Inequality in Employment?
Nabamita Dutta, Saibal Kar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15269
Dual Circulation and Population Mobility during the Pandemic in China
Wang-Sheng Lee, Trang My Tran, Lamont Bo Yu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15268
Do Individuals Adapt to All Types of Housing Transitions?
Andrew E. Clark, Luis Diaz-Serrano
forthcoming in: Review of Economics of the Household
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15267
Stable Income, Stable Family
Jason M. Lindo, Krishna Regmi, Isaac D. Swensen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15266
The Relationship between Cognitive Ability and Risk Preferences in a Developing Nation: Findings from the Field
Moghaddasi Ali Kelishomi, Daniel Sgroi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15265
Mother Africa's Exceptionalism? Income and Fertility Redux
Mark Gradstein, Phoebe W. Ishak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15264
Who Benefits from Firm Success? Heterogenous Rent Sharing in New Zealand
Corey Allan, David C. Maré
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15263
Automated Chat Application Surveys Using Whatsapp: Evidence from Panel Surveys and a Mode Experiment
Jennifer Fei, Jessica Sadye Wolff, Michael Hotard, Hannah Ingham, Saurabh Khanna, Duncan Lawrence, Beza Tesfaye, Jeremy Weinstein, Vasil Yasenov, Jens Hainmueller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15262
Health Insurance Coverage, Government Payments, and Labor Allocation
Cristina Miller, Ashok K. Mishra
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15261
Diving in the Minds of Recruiters: What Triggers Gender Stereotypes in Hiring?
Hannah Van Borm, Stijn Baert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15260
Pandemic Depression: COVID-19 and the Mental Health of the Self-Employed
Marco Caliendo, Daniel Graeber, Alexander S. Kritikos, Johannes Seebauer
forthcoming in: Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15259
When Criminality Begets Crime: The Role of Elected Politicians in India
Nishith Prakash, Soham Sahoo, Deepak Saraswat, Reetika Sindhi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15258
The Distribution of the Gender Wage Gap: An Equilibrium Model
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Manuel Fernández, Fan Wang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15257
Peers Affect Personality Development
Xiaoyue Shan, Ulf Zölitz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15256
Reputation as Insurance: How Reputation Moderates Public Backlash Following a Company's Decision to Profiteer
Danae Arroyos-Calvera, Nattavudh Powdthavee
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15255
Regional Consumption Responses and the Aggregate Fiscal Multiplier
Bill Dupor, Marios Karabarbounis, Marianna Kudlyak, M. Saif Mehkari
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15254
Minimum Wage Increases and Vacancies
Marianna Kudlyak, Murat Tasci, Didem Tüzemen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15253
A Study of the Chinese Gender Gap in Financial Literacy
Alison Preston, Lili Qiu, Robert E. Wright
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15252
Measuring Knowledge
James J. Heckman, Jin Zhou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15251
Working from Home during a Pandemic – A Discrete Choice Experiment in Poland
Piotr Lewandowski, Katarzyna Lipowska, Mateusz Smoter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15250
Gender, Financial Literacy and Pension Savings
Alison Preston, Robert E. Wright
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15249
Who Wins and Who Loses from State Subsidies?
Jun Du, Sourafel Girma, Holger Görg, Ignat Stepanok
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15248
Scientific Advancements in Illegal Drugs Production and Institutional Responses: New Psychoactive Substances, Self-Harm, and Violence inside Prisons
Rocco D'Este
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15247
The Impact of Opportunity Zones on Commercial Investment and Economic Activity
Kevin Corinth, Naomi E. Feldman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15246
Heterogeneous Paths to Stability
Edoardo di Porto, Cristina Tealdi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15245
Microeconomic Determinants of Domestic Tourism Expenditure in India
Mehtabul Azam
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15244
Do Gender, Child, and Parent Characteristics Contribute to Intergenerational Subjective Well-Being Mobility? Evidence from Russia during 1994-2019
Hai-Anh Dang, Kseniya Abanokova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15243
Enhanced Intergenerational Occupational Mobility through Trade Expansion: Evidence from Vietnam
Devashish Mitra, Hoang Pham, Beyza Ural Marchand
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15242
The Short-Term Effect of the COVID-19 Crisis on Employment Probabilities of Labour-Market Entrants in the Netherlands
Henri Bussink, Tobias Vervliet, Bas ter Weel
forthcoming in: De Economist, 2022
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15241
Abadie's Kappa and Weighting Estimators of the Local Average Treatment Effect
Tymon Sloczynski, Derya Uysal, Jeffrey M. Wooldridge
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15240
What the Students for Fair Admissions Cases Reveal about Racial Preferences
Peter Arcidiacono, Josh Kinsler, Tyler Ransom
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15239
Grandfathers and Grandsons: Social Security Expansion and Child Health in China
Jinyang Yang, Xi Chen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15238
Is the Price Right? The Role of Morals, Ideology, and Tradeoff Thinking in Explaining Reactions to Price Surges
Julio Elias, Nicola Lacetera, Mario Macis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15237
Characterizing the Schooling Cycle
Barbara Sadaba, Suncica Vujic, Sofia Maier
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15236
Dynamic Heterogeneous Distribution Regression Panel Models, with an Application to Labor Income Processes
Iván Fernández-Val, Wayne Yuan Gao, Yuan Liao, Francis Vella
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15235
The Impacts of the Dollar-Renminbi Exchange Rate Misalignment on the China-United States Commodity Trade: An Asymmetric Analysis
Sabrine Ferjani, Sami Saafi, Ridha Nouira, Christophe Rault
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15234
How Economic, Political and Institutional Factors Influence the Choice of Exchange Rate Regimes? New Evidence from Selected Countries of the MENA Region
Najia Maraoui, Thouraya Hadj Amor, Islem Khefacha, Christophe Rault
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15233
The Child Quantity–Quality Trade-off
Rufei Guo, Junjian Yi, Junsen Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15232
How Reliable Are Social Safety Nets? Value and Accessibility in Situations of Acute Economic Need
Herwig Immervoll, Raphaela Hyee, Rodrigo Fernandez, Jongmi Lee
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15231
Labour Market Concentration, Wages and Job Security in Europe
Andrea Bassanini, Giulia Bovini, Eve Caroli, Jorge Casanova Ferrando, Federico Cingano, Paolo Falco, Florentino Felgueroso, Marcel Jansen, Pedro S. Martins, António Melo, Michael Oberfichtner, Martin Popp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15230
Partially Linear Models under Data Combination
Xavier D'Haultfoeuille, Christophe Gaillac, Arnaud Maurel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15229
Pandemic-Era Uncertainty
Brent Meyer, Emil Mihaylov, Jose Maria Barrero, Steven J. Davis, David Altig, Nicholas Bloom
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15228
A Comparative Perspective on Long-Term Care Systems
Rainer Kotschy, David E. Bloom
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15227
Patterns of Time Use among Older People
Maddalena Ferranna, J.P. Sevilla, Leo Zucker, David E. Bloom
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15226
Employer Attitudes and the Hiring of Immigrants and International Students: Evidence from a Survey of Employers in Canada
Tony Fang, Na Xiao, Jane Zhu, John Hartley
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15225
Educational Inequality
Jo Blanden, Matthias Doepke, Jan Stuhler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15224
The Economics of Fertility: A New Era
Matthias Doepke, Anne Hannusch, Fabian Kindermann, Michèle Tertilt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15223
Paid Childcare Leave, Fertility, and Female Labor Supply in South Korea
Kyeongkuk Kim, Sang-Hyop Lee, Timothy J. Halliday
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15222
Family Finances and Debt Overhang: Evolving Consumption Patterns of Spanish Households
Hector Sala, Pedro Trivín
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15221
Behavioral Responses to Supply-Side Drug Policy During the Opioid Epidemic
Simone Balestra, Helge Liebert, Nicole Maestas, Tisamarie B. Sherry
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15220
Physicians and the Production of Health: Returns to Health Care during the Mortality Transition
Helge Liebert, Beatrice Mäder
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15219
Incomplete Catching Up: Income among Manchurian, Yi and Han People in Rural China from 2002 to 2018
Björn Anders Gustafsson, Yudan Zhang
forthcoming in: China Quarterly
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15218
Importing Air Pollution? Evidence from China's Plastic Waste Imports
Kerstin Unfried, Feicheng Wang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15217
Gender Economics: Dead-Ends and New Opportunities
Shelly Lundberg
Forthcoming in Research in Labor Economics: 50th Celebratory Volume.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15216
Are Entrepreneurs Aware of Covered Interest Parity and Dollar Shortage?
Farhad Nariman, Almas Heshmati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15215
Little Divergence in America — Market Access and Demographic Transition in the United States
Melanie Guldi, Ahmed S. Rahman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15214
Media Capture by Banks
Ruben Durante, Andrea Fabiani, Luc Laeven, José-Luis Peydró
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15213
Do Management Practices Matter in Further Education?
Sandra McNally, Luis Schmidt, Anna Valero
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15212
Does Social Capital Matter? A Study of Hit-and-Run in US Counties
Stefano Castriota, Sandro Rondinella, Mirco Tonin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15211
Integration of Technological and Social Components in a Smart Urban Development Model: A Case Study of China
Almas Heshmati, Somayeh Koohborfardhaghighi, Christopher R. Summers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15210
Are the East African Community's Countries Ready for a Common Currency?
Thomas Kigabo-Rusuhuzwa, Almas Heshmati
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