Discussion Papers

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15702

Occupational Tasks and Wage Inequality in Germany: A Decomposition Analysis

Miriam Koomen, Uschi Backes-Gellner

published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 79, 102284

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15701

The Price and Employment Response of Firms to the Introduction of Minimum Wages

Sebastian Link

published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2024, 239, 105236

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15692

Labor Market Effects of Bounds on Domestic Outsourcing

Bruno Jiménez, Silvio Rendon

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15662

Earnings Losses and the Role of the Welfare State during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Sweden

Adrian Adermon, Lisa Laun, Patrik Lind, Martin Olsson, Jan Sauermann, Anna Sjögren

published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2024, 70 (4), 981 - 1010

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15660

Decent Wage Floors in Europe: Does the Minimum Wage Directive Get It Right?

Henri Haapanala, Ive Marx, Zachary Parolin

published in: Journal of European Social Policy, 2023, 33 (4), 421 - 435

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15647

The Role of Within-Occupation Task Changes in Wage Development

Ronald Bachmann, Gökay Demir, Colin P. Green, Arne Uhlendorff

Forthcoming in Economica

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15644

Long Social Distancing

José María Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15632

Technical Change, Task Allocation, and Labor Unions

Martyna Marczak, Thomas Beissinger, Franziska Brall

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15603

Cyclical Earnings, Career and Employment Transitions

Carlos Carrillo-Tudela, Ludo Visschers, David Wiczer

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15540

Working from Home Around the World

Cevat Giray Aksoy, José María Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Mathias Dolls, Pablo Zarate

published in: Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Fall 2022, 281–330

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15526

COVID-19 and Entrepreneurship Entry and Exit: Opportunity Amidst Adversity

Vladimir Otrachshenko, Olga Popova, Milena Nikolova, Elena Tyurina

published in: Technology in Society, 2022, 71, 102093

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15515

Measuring Small Business Dynamics and Employment with Private-Sector Real-Time Data

Andre Kurmann, Etienne Lalé, Lien Ta

published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2025, 250, 105477

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15507

Boomerang College Kids: Unemployment, Job Mismatch and Coresidence

Stefania Albanesi, Rania Gihleb, Ning Zhang

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15468

Economic Recession, Parental Unemployment and Adolescents’ Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health Outcomes in Greece

Nick Drydakis

published in: Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 2023, 23 (2), 275-298.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15465

The Wage Curve after the Great Recession

David G. Blanchflower, Alex Bryson, Jackson Spurling

published in: Economica, 2024, 91 (362), 653-668

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15429

Dynastic Home Equity

Matteo Benetton, Marianna Kudlyak, John Mondragon

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15410

Rise of the Indian Middle Class and Its Impact on the Labor Market

Andres Eggimann, Michael Jan Kendzia

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15404

The Great Canadian Recovery: The Impact of COVID-19 on Canada's Labour Market

Stephen R. G. Jones, Fabian Lange, W. Craig Riddell, Casey Warman

published in: Canadian Journal of Economics, 2023, 56 (3), 791-838

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15399

COVID-19 Private Pension Withdrawals and Unemployment Tenures

Tristram Sainsbury, Robert Breunig, Timothy Watson

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15385

The Shift to Remote Work Lessens Wage-Growth Pressures

José María Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Brent Meyer, Emil Mihaylov

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15315

Influence of Freedom of Choice on Happiness

Somayeh Koohborfardhaghighi, Christopher R. Summers, Almas Heshmati, Jörn Altmann

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15293

Monopsony Makes Firms Not Only Small but Also Unproductive: Why East Germany Has Not Converged

Rüdiger Bachmann, Christian Bayer, Heiko Stüber, Felix Wellschmied

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15273

Human Capital Growth - with Region and Gender in Perspective

Gang Liu, Barbara M. Fraumeni, Shunsuke Managi

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15270

Lockdown and Rural Joblessness in India: Gender Inequality in Employment?

Nabamita Dutta, Saibal Kar

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15254

Minimum Wage Increases and Vacancies

Marianna Kudlyak, Murat Tasci, Didem Tüzemen

This version: January 2023.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15174

Misallocation and Inequality

Nezih Guner, Alessandro Ruggieri

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15115

Inequality and Income Dynamics in Germany

Moritz Drechsel-Grau, Andreas Peichl, Johannes Schmieden, Kai D. Schmid, Hannes Walz, Stefanie Wolter

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15102

Scarring Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Italian Labour Market

Davide Fiaschi, Cristina Tealdi

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15086

Has the Willingness to Work Fallen during the COVID Pandemic?

Jason Faberman, Andreas I. Mueller, Aysegül Sahin

published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 79, 102275

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15073

Opportunity and Inequality across Generations

Winfried Koeniger, Carlo Zanella

revised version published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2022, 208, 104623

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15059

Living in Rural Areas and Self-Employment

Ignacio Belloc, José Alberto Molina, Jorge Velilla

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15030

Employer-to-Employer Transitions and Time Aggregation Bias

Antoine Bertheau, Rune Majlund Vejlin

published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 75, 102130

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15014

Firm Pay Dynamics

Niklas Engbom, Christian Moser, Jan Sauermann

published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2023, 233 (1), 396 - 423

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14984

School Closures and Effective In-Person Learning during COVID-19: When, Where, and for Whom

Andre Kurmann, Etienne Lalé

published in: Economics of Education Review, 2023, 95 (C), 102422

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14979

Zero-Hours Contracts in a Frictional Labor Market

Juan J. Dolado, Etienne Lalé, Hélène Turon

forthcoming in: The Economic Journal.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14963

Worker Beliefs about Outside Options

Simon Jäger, Christopher Roth, Nina Roussille, Benjamin Schoefer

published in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2024, 139 (3), 1505–1556,

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14943

Minimum Wages and Insurance within the Firm

Effrosyni Adamopoulou, Francesco Manaresi, Omar Rachedi, Emircan Yurdagul

forthcoming in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2027

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14906

The Gender Application Gap: Do Men and Women Apply for the Same Jobs?

Jonas Fluchtmann, Anita Marie Glenny, Nikolaj Harmon, Jonas Maibom

published in: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2024, 16 (2), 182–219

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14869

Equilibrium Job Turnover and the Business Cycle

Carlos Carrillo-Tudela, Alex Clymo, Melvyn Coles

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14847

Population Growth, Immigration and Labour Market Dynamics

Michael Elsby, Jennifer C. Smith, Jonathan Wadsworth

published in: Demography, 2024, 61 (5), 1559–1584.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14845

The Economics of Being LGBT. A Review: 2015-2020

Nick Drydakis

published in: Julie. A. Gedro and Tonette. S. Rocco (eds), The Routledge Handbook of LGBTQ Identity in Organizations and Society, London: Routledge, 2024

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14822

Nonlinearities and Workers' Heterogeneity in Unemployment Dynamics

Stéphane Adjemian, Frédéric Karamé, François Langot

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14804

On the Persistence of the China Shock

David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson

published in: Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2021, 381-476

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14798

The Persistence of Wages

Anabela Carneiro, Pedro Portugal, Pedro Raposo, Paulo M. M. Rodrigues

published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2023, 233 (2), 596 - 611

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14791

The Geography of Job Creation and Job Destruction

Moritz Kuhn, Iourii Manovskii, Xincheng Qiu

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14777

Major Streams in the Economics of Inequality: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Literature since 1950s

Pedro G. Lima, Pedro N. Teixeira, Sandra T. Silva

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14700

Adverse Working Conditions and Immigrants' Physical Health and Depression Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study in Greece

Nick Drydakis

published in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2022, 95 (2), 539 - 556

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14588

Canadian Labour Market Dynamics during COVID-19

Stephen R. G. Jones, Fabian Lange, W. Craig Riddell, Casey Warman

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14582

Search and Reallocation in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the UK

Carlos Carrillo-Tudela, Camila Comunello, Alex Clymo, Annette Jäckle, Ludo Visschers, David Zentler-Munro

published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 81, 102328

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14519

How Did the COVID-19 Crisis Affect Different Types of Workers in the Developing World?

Maurice Kugler, Mariana Viollaz, Daniel Duque, Isis Gaddis, David Newhouse, Amparo Palacios-Lopez, Michael Weber

published in: World Development, 2023, 170, 106331

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14501

Search, Screening and Sorting

Xiaoming Cai, Pieter A. Gautier, Ronald P. Wolthoff

forthcoming in: American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14496

Sexual Orientation and Earnings. A Meta-Analysis 2012-2020

Nick Drydakis

published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2022, 35, 409 - 440

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14479

Young People between Education and the Labour Market during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy

Davide Fiaschi, Cristina Tealdi

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14459

Dispersion in Dispersion: Measuring Establishment-Level Differences In Productivity

Cindy Cunningham, Lucia Foster, Cheryl Grim, John C. Haltiwanger, Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia, Jay Stewart, Zoltan Wolf

published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2023, 69 (4), 999-1032

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14425

Immigration and the UK Economy after Brexit

Jonathan Portes

published in: Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2022, 38 (1), 82-96,

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14381

The Heterogeneous Impact of Short-Time Work: From Saved Jobs to Windfall Effects

Pierre Cahuc, Francis Kramarz, Sandra Nevoux

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14372

Women, Violence and Work: Threat of Sexual Violence and Women's Decision to Work

Tanika Chakraborty, Nafisa Lohawala

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14329

Short-Time Work and Precautionary Savings

Thomas Dengler, Britta Gehrke

forthcoming in: The Economic Journal, 2026

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14294

Working Beyond the Normal Retirement Age in Urban China and Urban Russia

Björn Anders Gustafsson, Ludmila Nivorozhkina, Haiyuan Wan

published in: IZA Journal of Development and Migration, 2021, 12 (1)

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14261

Gender, Selection into Employment, and the Wage Impact of Immigration

George J. Borjas, Anthony Edo

forthcoming in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2026

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14254

A General Methodology to Measure Labour Market Dynamics

Davide Fiaschi, Cristina Tealdi

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14248

Labor Demand Response to Labor Supply Incentives: Lessons from the German Mini-Job Reform

Gabriela Galassi

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14226

Accounting for Limited Commitment between Spouses When Estimating Labor-Supply Elasticities

Christian Bredemeier, Jan Gravert, Falko Juessen

published in: Review of Economic Dynamics, 2023, 51, 547-578

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14212

Cross-Country Connectedness in Inflation and Unemployment: Measurement and Macroeconomic Consequences

Binh Thai Pham, Hector Sala

published in: Empirical Economics, 2022, 62, 1123 - 1146

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14175

Hours, Employment, and Earnings of American Manufacturing Workers from the Nineteenth to the Twenty-First Centuries

John H. Pencavel

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14166

Policies to Help the Working Class in the Aftermath of COVID-19: Lessons from the Great Recession

Richard V. Burkhauser, Kevin Corinth, Douglas Holtz-Eakin

published in: Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2021, 695 (1), 314 - 330

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14162

Do Non-tariff Barriers to Trade Save American Jobs and Wages?

Marco Leonardi, Elena Meschi

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14138

Recruiting Intensity, Hires, and Vacancies: Evidence from Firm-Level Data

Eliza Forsythe, Russell Weinstein

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14017

The Recovery from the Great Recession: A Long, Evolving Expansion

Jay C. Shambaugh, Michael R. Strain

published in: Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2021, 695 (1), 24 - 28

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13958

Did a Successful Fight against the COVID-19 Pandemic Come at a Cost? Impacts of the Outbreak on Employment Outcomes in Vietnam

Hai-Anh H Dang, Cuong Viet Nguyen

published in: World Development, 2023, 161, 106129

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13887

Job Stability, Earnings Dynamics, and Life-Cycle Savings

Moritz Kuhn, Gasper Ploj

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13886

Federal Unemployment Reinsurance and Local Labor-Market Policies

Marek Ignaszak, Philip Jung, Keith Kuester

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13858

Does Employment Protection Unprotect Workers? The Labor Market Effects of Job Reinstatements in Peru

Bruno Jiménez, Silvio Rendon

published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 80, 102286

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13742

Lives Saved during Economic Downturns: Evidence from Australia

Kadir Atalay, Rebecca Edwards, Stefanie Schurer, David Ubilava

published in: Health Economics, 2021, 30 (10), 2452 - 2467

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13681

Employment Reallocation over the Business Cycle: Evidence from Danish Data

Antoine Bertheau, Henning Bunzel, Rune Majlund Vejlin

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13678

Recruiting Intensity and Hiring Practices: Cross-Sectional and Time-Series Evidence

Benjamin Lochner, Christian Merkl, Heiko Stüber, Nicole Gürtzgen

published in: Labour Economics, 2021, 68, 101939

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13666

Long Live the Vacancy

Christian Haefke, Michael Reiter

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13643

Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the CARES Act on Earnings and Inequality

Matias Cortes, Eliza Forsythe

published as 'Distributional Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the CARES Act' in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2023, 21 (2), 325-349.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13617

The One-Child Policy Amplifies Economic Inequality across Generations in China

Yewen Yu, Yi Fan, Junjian Yi

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13608

Import Competition and Gender Differences in Labor Reallocation

Hani Mansour, Pamela Medina, Andrea Velasquez

published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 76, 102149.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13605

How Robots Change Within-Firm Wage Inequality

Erling Barth, Marianne Roed, Pal Schone, Janis Umblijs

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13557

Rising Concentration and Wage Inequality

Matias Cortes, Jeanne Tschopp

published in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2024, 126 (2), 320-354

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13538

Divergence in Labour Force Growth: Should Wages and Prices Grow Faster in Germany?

Thomas Beissinger, Joël Hellier, Martyna Marczak

published in: Comparative Economic Studies, 2025, 67, 949-988. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41294-025-00266-0

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13526

Minimum Wage and Financially Distressed Firms: Another One Bites the Dust

Fernando Alexandre, Pedro Bação, João Cerejeira, Hélder Costa, Miguel Portela

published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 24, 102088

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13472

Measuring Employer-to-Employer Reallocation

Shigeru Fujita, Giuseppe Moscarini, Fabien Postel-Vinay

published in: American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2024, 16 (3), 1–51

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13439

The Lockdown Impact on Unemployment for Heterogeneous Workers

Malak Kandoussi, François Langot

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13438

Uncertainty Shocks and Unemployment Dynamics

Malak Kandoussi, François Langot

published in: Economics Letters, 2022, 201, 110760

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13415

The Agricultural Productivity Gap and Self-Employment Bias in the Labor Income Share

Saumik Paul, Liam Thomas

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13393

Recessions and Occupational Match Quality: The Role of Age, Gender, and Education

John T. Addison, Liwen Chen, Orgul Demet Ozturk

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13366

Unequal Consequences of COVID-19 across Age and Income: Representative Evidence from Six Countries

Michèle Belot, Syngjoo Choi, Egon Tripodi, Eline van den Broek-Altenburg, Julian C. Jamison, Nicholas W. Papageorge

published as 'Unequal consequences of Covid 19: representative evidence from six countries' in: Review of Economics of the Household, 2021, 19, 769–783

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13353

The Short-Run Macro Implications of School and Child-Care Closures

Nicola Fuchs-Schündeln, Moritz Kuhn, Michèle Tertilt

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13325

Why Didn't the College Premium Rise Everywhere? Employment Protection and On-the-Job Investment in Skills

Matthias Doepke, Ruben Gaetani

published in: American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2024, 16 (3), 268–309

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13307

Unemployment and Endogenous Reallocation over the Business Cycle

Carlos Carrillo-Tudela, Ludo Visschers

published in: Econometrica, 2021, 91 (3), 1119-1153

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13294

Unemployment Paths in a Pandemic Economy

Nicolas Petrosky-Nadeau, Robert G. Valletta

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13240

Recruitment Policies, Job-Filling Rates and Matching Efficiency

Carlos Carrillo-Tudela, Hermann Gartner, Leo Kaas

published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2023, 21 (6), 2413 - 2459

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13239

The Accumulation of Human and Market Capital in the United States: The Long View, 1948–2013

Barbara M. Fraumeni, Michael S. Christian, Jon D. Samuels

published in: Barbara M. Fraumeni (Ed.), Human Capital Measurement, Academic Press, 2021, 167 - 197

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13237

Job Search during the COVID-19 Crisis

Lena Hensvik, Thomas Le Barbanchon, Roland Rathelot

published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2021, 194, 104349

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13206

Investigating the Genetic Architecture of Non-Cognitive Skills Using GWAS-By-Subtraction

Perline A. Demange, Margherita Malanchini, Travis T. Mallard, Pietro Biroli

published in: Nature Genetics, 2021, 53, 35 - 44

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13187

The Perceived Well-Being and Health Costs of Exiting Self-Employment

Milena Nikolova, Boris Nikolaev, Olga Popova

published in: Small Business Economics, 2021, 57(4), 1819-1836

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13185

The Long Run Earnings Effects of a Credit Market Disruption

Effrosyni Adamopoulou, Marta De Philippis, Enrico Sette, Eliana Viviano