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IZA Discussion Papers

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The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising over 14,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics. 

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101 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15898
On the Emergence of Cooperative Industrial and Labor Relations
Gabriele Cardullo, Maurizio Conti, Andrea Ricci, Sergio Scicchitano, Giovanni Sulis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15893
Unions as Insurance: Employer–Worker Risk Sharing and Workers' Outcomes during COVID-19
Nils Braakmann, Boris Hirsch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15635
The Dynamics of Power in Labor Markets: Monopolistic Unions versus Monopsonistic Employers
Samuel Dodini, Kjell G. Salvanes, Alexander Willén
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15632
Technical Change, Task Allocation, and Labor Unions
Martyna Marczak, Thomas Beissinger, Franziska Brall
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15552
Collective Bargaining for Women: How Unions Can Create Female-Friendly Jobs
Viola Corradini, Lorenzo Lagos, Garima Sharma
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15500
The German Model of Industrial Relations: Balancing Flexibility and Collective Action
Simon Jäger, Shakked Noy, Benjamin Schoefer
published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2022, 36 (4), 53 - 80
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15293
Monopsony Makes Firms Not Only Small but Also Unproductive: Why East Germany Has Not Converged
Rüdiger Bachmann, Christian Bayer, Heiko Stüber, Felix Wellschmied
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15080
Robots and Unions: The Moderating Effect of Organised Labour on Technological Unemployment
Henri Haapanala, Ive Marx, Zachary Parolin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15079
Differential Patterns between Private and Public Sector Wages in Spain
Alba Couceiro de León, Juan J. Dolado
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15008
Worker Representation
Alex Bryson, John Forth
forthcoming in: T. Eriksson (ed) Handbook of Labour Studies, Edward Elgar.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14849
Labor Unions and the Electoral Consequences of Trade Liberalization
Pedro Molina Ogeda, Emanuel Ornelas, Rodrigo R. Soares
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14465
What Does Codetermination Do?
Simon Jäger, Shakked Noy, Benjamin Schoefer
published in: ILR Review, 2022, 75 (4), 857-890.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14283
Wage Flexibility under Sectoral Bargaining
David Card, Ana Rute Cardoso
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2022, 20 (5), 2062 - 2097
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14208
Collective Bargaining Rights, Policing, and Civilian Deaths
Jamein Cunningham, Donn. L. Feir, Rob Gillezeau
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14102
Are Unions Detrimental to Innovation? Theory and Evidence
Fabio Berton, Stefano Dughera, Andrea Ricci
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13799
Robots and Worker Voice: An Empirical Exploration
Filippo Belloc, Gabriel Burdin, Fabio Landini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13747
Do Public Subsidies of Union Membership Increase Union Membership Rates?
Erling Barth, Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13551
H. Gregg Lewis: Perhaps the Father of Modern Labor Economics
Daniel S. Hamermesh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13465
Union Membership and Collective Bargaining: Trends and Determinants
Claus Schnabel
published in: K. F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, Cham, 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13175
Wage Differentials, Bargaining Protocols, and Trade Unionism in Mid-Twentieth Century American Labor Markets
John Pencavel
forthcoming in the Industrial and Labor Relations Review
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13015
Unions, Tripartite Competition and Innovation
Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
published in: Research in Labor Economics, 2021, 49, 41-65
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12809
Productivity Dynamics: The Role of Competition in a Service Industry
Thomas Breda, Alex Bryson, John Forth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12546
Creative Destruction, Social Security Uptake and Union Networks
Harald Dale-Olsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12515
Unions and Firms' Investments: A Unified View
Fabio Berton, Stefano Dughera, Andrea Ricci
published as 'A simple model of holdup, union voice, and firm investments' in: S.W. Polachek, K. Tatsiramos, G. Russo and G. van Houten (eds.): Workplace productivity and management practices (Research in Labor Economics, 49), 2021, 67 - 84
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12258
Disability and the Unionized Workplace
Mason Ameri, Mohammad Ali, Lisa Schur, Douglas L. Kruse
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12093
Wage Flexibility in a Unionized Economy with Stable Wage Dispersion
Mikael Carlsson, Iida Häkkinen Skans, Oskar Nordström Skans
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12089
Labor-Market Concentration and Labor Compensation
Yue Qiu, Aaron Sojourner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12008
Unions, Two-Tier Bargaining and Physical Capital Investment: Theory and Firm-Level Evidence from Italy
Gabriele Cardullo, Maurizio Conti, Giovanni Sulis
revised version forthcoming as 'A Model of Unions, Two-Tier Bargaining and Capital Investment' in: Labour Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11964
Unions and Wage Inequality: The Roles of Gender, Skill and Public Sector Employment
David Card, Thomas Lemieux, W. Craig Riddell
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11894
Wages, Creative Destruction, and Union Networks
Harald Dale-Olsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11860
The "Good Workplace": The Role of Joint Consultative Committees, Unions and HR Policies in Employee Ratings of Workplaces in Britain
Michael Barry, Alex Bryson, Rafael Gomez, Bruce E. Kaufman, Guenther Lomas, Adrian Wilkinson
published in: Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1108/JPEO-09-2018-0024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11617
Where Does Profit Sharing Work Best? A Meta-Analysis on the Role of Unions, Culture, and Values
Chris Doucouliagos, Patrice Laroche, Douglas L. Kruse, T. D. Stanley
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11615
State Substitution for the Trade Union Good: The Case of Paid Holiday Entitlements
John Forth, Alex Bryson
published in: Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership, 2019, 2 (1), 5 - 23
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11518
The One Constant: A Causal Effect of Collective Bargaining on Employment Growth?
Tobias Brändle, Laszlo Goerke
published in: Scottish Journal of Political Economic, 2018, 65 (5), 445 - 478
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11378
Worker Representation and Temporary Employment in Germany: The Deployment and Extent of Fixed-Term Contracts and Temporary Agency Work
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Philipp Grunau, Lutz Bellmann
revised version published in: Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership, 2019, 2 (1), 24-46.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11309
Firm Wage Premia, Industrial Relations, and Rent Sharing in Germany
Boris Hirsch, Steffen Müller
revised version published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2020, 73 (5), 1119-1146
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11111
Union Density, Productivity and Wages
Erling Barth, Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
published in: Economic Journal, 2020, 130 (631), 1898 - 1936
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10446
The Effects of International Migration on Native Workers' Unionisation in Austria
José-Ignacio Antón, René Böheim, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer
published online as 'The effect of migration on unionization in Austria' in: Empirical Economics, 02 March 2022
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10435
Gender Differences in the Union Wage Premium? A Comparative Case Study
Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen, Kristine Nergaard
published in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2020, 26 (2), 173 - 190
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10292
Technical Efficiency, Unions and Decentralized Labor Contracts
Francesco Devicienti, Alessandro Manello, Davide Vannoni
published in: European Journal of Operational Research, no. 260(3), 2017
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10043
UK Trades Unions and the Problems of Collective Action
Paul Willman, Alex Bryson, John Forth
published as 'UK Unions, Collective Action and the Cost Disease' in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2020, 58 (2), 447 - 470
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9963
Explaining Cross-National Variation in Workplace Employee Representation
John Forth, Alex Bryson, Anitha George
published in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2017, 23 (4), 415-433
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9876
Unions and the Economic Basis of Attitudes
Michael White, Alex Bryson
published in: Industrial Relations Journal, 2016, 47 (4), 360-378
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9770
Health and Safety Risks in Britain's Workplaces: Where are They and Who Controls Them?
Alex Bryson
published in: Industrial Relations Journal, 2016, 47 (5-6), 547-566
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9466
What Do Unions Do in Times of Economic Crisis? Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe
Artjoms Ivlevs, Michail Veliziotis
published in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2017, 23 (1), 81-96
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9412
The Welfare Effects of Globalization with Labor Market Regulation
Tapio K. Palokangas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9410
Temporary Employment, Demand Volatility and Unions: Firm-Level Evidence
Francesco Devicienti, Paolo Naticchioni, Andrea Ricci
published in: Industrial and Labor Relation Review, 2018, 71 (1), 174-207
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8802
The Impact of Temporary Agency Work on Trade Union Wage Setting: A Theoretical Analysis
Thomas Beissinger, Philipp Baudy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8516
Hiring Discrimination against Pro-Union Applicants: The Role of Union Density and Firm Size
Stijn Baert, Eddy Omey
revised version published in: De Economist, 2015, 163, 263 - 280
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8422
Mandated versus Negotiated Severance Pay
Stéphane Auray, Samuel Danthine, Markus Poschke
forthcoming in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8259
Nurse Unions and Patient Outcomes
Arindrajit Dube, Ethan Kaplan, Owen Thompson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8220
Labour-Market Institutions and the Dispersion of Wage Earnings
Wiemer Salverda, Daniele Checchi
published in: A. Atkinson and F. Bourguignon (eds.): Handbook of Income Distribution, 2, 2015, 1535–1727
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8034
Wage Determination and Imperfect Competition
Alison L. Booth
published in: Labour Economics, 2014, 30, 53-58
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7964
Union Organizing Decisions in a Deteriorating Environment: The Composition of Representation Elections and the Decline in Turnout
Henry S Farber
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2015, 68(5), 1126-1156
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7870
Chinese Unions and Enterprises Performance
Tony Fang, Ying Ge
published in: Asian Business & Management, 2019,18, 281–300.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7313
An Anatomy of Public Sector Unions
Barry Hirsch
published in: Michael Green and Samuel Estreicher (eds.), The Challenge for Collective Bargaining: Proceedings of the NYU 65th Annual Conference on Labor, LexisNexis, 2013
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7232
The Changing Size Distribution of U.S. Trade Unions and Its Description by Pareto's Distribution
John Pencavel
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2014, 67 (1), 138-170
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6799
Fairness Considerations in Labor Union Wage Setting: A Theoretical Analysis
Matthias Strifler, Thomas Beissinger
published in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2016, 63 (3), 303-330
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6792
Union Membership and Density: Some (Not So) Stylized Facts and Challenges
Claus Schnabel
published in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2013, 19 (3), 255-272
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6757
Unions, Wage Gaps, and Wage Dispersion: New Evidence from the Americas
Fernando Rios-Avila, Barry Hirsch
published in: Industrial Relations, 2014, 53 (1), 1-27.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6534
The Determinants of Earnings Inequalities: Panel Data Evidence from South Africa
Andrew Kerr, Francis J. Teal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6483
Performance Related Pay and Firm Productivity: New Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in Italy
Claudio Lucifora, Federica Origo
published as 'Performance-Related Pay and Firm Productivity: Evidence from a Reform in the Structure of Collective Bargaining' in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2015, 68(3), 606-632
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6394
A Longitudinal Study of Migration Propensities for Mixed Ethnic Unions in England and Wales
Zhiqiang Feng, Maarten van Ham, Paul Boyle, Gillian M. Raab
published as: 'A longitudinal study of migration propensities for mixed ethnic unions in England and Wales' in: [Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies], 2014, 40 (3), 384-403
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5342
Unions, Dynamism, and Economic Performance
Barry Hirsch
published in: Cynthia Estlund and Michael Wachter (eds.), Research Handbook on the Economics of Labor and Employment Law, Edward Elgar, 2012, pp. 107-145
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5256
What Do Unions Do to Pension Performance?
William E. Even, David A. Macpherson
revised version published in: Economic Inquiry, 2014, 52 (3), 1173-1189
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5033
Rational Choice and Voter Turnout: Evidence from Union Representation Elections
Henry S Farber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4554
What Do Unions Do to Temporary Employment?
Andrea Salvatori
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4091
Economic Growth with Political Lobbying and Wage Bargaining
Tapio K. Palokangas
revised version published in: IFAC Papers on Control Applications of Optimization 7 (2010)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3786
Trade as a Wage Disciplining Device
Damiaan Persyn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3747
Union Membership Effect on Wage Premiums: Evidence from Organized Manufacturing Industries in India
Amit Kumar Bhandari
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3705
The Economics of Labor Market Intermediation: An Analytic Framework
David Autor
published in: David Autor (ed.), Studies of Labor Market Intermediation, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3680
Can Policy Interact with Culture? Minimum Wage and the Quality of Labor Relations
Philippe Aghion, Yann Algan, Pierre Cahuc
revised version published as 'Civil Society and the State: The Interplay Between Cooperation and Minimum Wage Regulation' in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2011, 9 (1), 3 - 42
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3660
How Successful Have Trade Unions Been? A Utility-Based Indicator of Union Well-Being
John Pencavel
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2009, 62 (2), 47-156.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3597
New Estimates of the Effects of Minimum Wages in the U.S. Retail Trade Sector
John T. Addison, McKinley L. Blackburn, Chad Cotti
published in: Labour Economics, 2009, 16 (4), 397-408
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3436
Union Decline in Britain
David G. Blanchflower, Alex Bryson
published in: Brown, W. et al. (eds.) - The Evolution of the Modern Workplace, Cambridge University Press, 2009
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3375
Wage Gaps Large and Small
Barry Hirsch
published in: Southern Economic Journal, 2008, 74 (4), 915-933
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3055
The Wage Impact of Trade Unions in the UK Public and Private Sectors
David G. Blanchflower, Alex Bryson
published in: Economica, 2010, 77 (305), 92-209
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2930
Sluggish Institutions in a Dynamic World: Can Unions and Industrial Competition Coexist?
Barry Hirsch
published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2008, 22 (1), 153-176
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2770
Employment Outcomes and the Interaction Between Product and Labor Market Deregulation: Are They Substitutes or Complements?
Giuseppe Fiori, Giuseppe Nicoletti, Stefano Scarpetta, Fabio Schiantarelli
published as "Employment Effects of Product and Labour Market Reforms: Are There Synergies?" in: Economic Journal, 2012, 122 (558), 79-104
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2518
Workplace Industrial Relations in Britain, 1980-2004
David G. Blanchflower, Alex Bryson, John Forth
published in: Industrial Relations Journal, 2007, 38(4), 285-302
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2384
Wage Determination in the U.S. Airline Industry: Union Power under Product Market Constraints
Barry Hirsch
published in: D. Lee (ed.), Advances in Airline Economics, Vol. 2: The Economics of Airline Institutions, Operations and Marketing, Elsevier 2007
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2362
The Rise and Fall of Private Sector Unionism: What Next for the NLRA?
Jeffrey M. Hirsch, Barry Hirsch
published in: Florida State University Law Review, 2007, 34 (4), 1133-1180
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2016
A Cross-Country Study of Union Membership
David G. Blanchflower
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2007, 45 (1), 1-28
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1871
Tarifpolitik und Entgeltflexibilität in Ostdeutschland
Holger Bonin
published in: Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung / Journal for Labour Market Research, 2005, 38 (2-3), 147-164
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1681
Labour Market Institutions and the Personal Distribution of Income in the OECD
Daniele Checchi, Cecilia García-Peñalosa
published in: Economica, 2010, 77 (307), 413-450
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1545
Union Strategy and Optimal Income Taxation
Sebastian G. Kessing, Kai A. Konrad
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2006, 90(1-2), 393-402
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1435
Training and Union Wages
Christian Dustmann, Uta Schönberg
revised version published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2009, 91 (2), 363-376
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1385
The Effects of Unions on Wage Inequality: The Italian Case in the 1990s
Daniele Checchi, Laura Pagani
published in: Politica Economica, 2005, 1, 41-68
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1188
The Effect of Worker Representation on Employment Behavior in Germany: Another Case of -2.5%
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
published in: Industrial Relations, 2006, 45 (1), 1-25
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1157
Unions, Firing Costs and Unemployment
Leonor Modesto
published in: Labour, 2008, 22 (3), 509 - 546
IZA Discussion Paper No. 896
What Can We Learn About the Decline in U.S. Union Membership from International Data?
Solomon Polachek
published in: Phanindra V. Wunnava (ed.), The Changing Forms of Unions: New Forms of Representation, M.E. Sharpe 2004
IZA Discussion Paper No. 892
What Do Unions Do for Economic Performance?
Barry Hirsch
published in: Journal of Labor Research, 2004, 25 (3), 415-455
IZA Discussion Paper No. 862
Union Voice
John T. Addison, Clive R. Belfield
published in: Journal of Labor Research, 2004, 25 (4), 563-597
IZA Discussion Paper No. 818
The Surprising Retreat of Union Britain
John Pencavel
published in: David Card, Richard Blundell, and Richard B. Freeman (eds.), Seeking a Premier Economy: The Economic Effects of British Economic Reforms, 1980-2000, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 2004, 181-232
IZA Discussion Paper No. 720
Labour Market Regulation, Productivity-Improving R&D and Endogenous Growth
Tapio K. Palokangas
published as "Union-Firm Bargaining, Productivity Improvement and Endogenous Growth" in: Labour, 2004, 18 (2), 191-205
IZA Discussion Paper No. 618
Oligopsony, Institutions and the Efficiency of General Training
Alison L. Booth, Marco Francesconi, Gylfi Zoega
published in: J. Messina, C. Michelacci, J. Turunen and G. Zoega (eds.), Proceedings of the 2004 ECB/CEPR Labour Market Workshop, Edward Elgar 2006
IZA Discussion Paper No. 479
Unions and Employment Growth: The One Constant?
John T. Addison, Clive R. Belfield
published in: Industrial Relations, 2004, 43 (2), 305-323
IZA Discussion Paper No. 393
Union Bargaining Power: A View from Japan
Scott M. Fuess Jr.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 229
Unions, Increasing Returns and Endogenous Fluctuations
Rui Coimbra, Teresa Lloyd-Braga, Leonor Modesto
published as 'Endogenous fluctuations in unionized economies with productive externalities' in: Economic Theory, 2005, 26 (3), 629-649
IZA Discussion Paper No. 225
An Analysis of Labour Adjustment Costs in Unionized Economies
Leonor Modesto, Jonathan P. Thomas
published in: Labour Economics, 2001, 8 (4), 475-501
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