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IZA Discussion Papers

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The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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1,041 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13378
Inequality in Personality over the Life Cycle
Miriam Gensowski, Mette Gørtz, Stefanie Schurer
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2021, 184, 46-77
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13366
Unequal Consequences of COVID-19 across Age and Income: Representative Evidence from Six Countries
Michèle Belot, Syngjoo Choi, Egon Tripodi, Eline van den Broek-Altenburg, Julian C. Jamison, Nicholas W. Papageorge
published as 'Unequal consequences of Covid 19: representative evidence from six countries' in: Review of Economics of the Household, 2021, 19, 769–783
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13359
What Accounts for the Rising Share of Women in the Top 1%?
Richard V. Burkhauser, Nicolas Herault, Stephen P. Jenkins, Roger Wilkins
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2023, 69 (1), 1 - 33
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13356
Reconciling Changes in Wage Inequality with Changes in College Selectivity Using a Behavioral Model
Christian Belzil, Jörgen Hansen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13326
Inequality Measurement and Tax/Transfer Policy
Patricia Apps, Ray Rees
revised version published in: International Tax and Public Finance, 2022, 29, 953–984
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13317
The Contribution of Payroll Taxation to Wage Inequality in France
Antoine Bozio, Thomas Breda, Malka Guillot
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13305
Centralized Admission Systems and School Segregation: Evidence from a National Reform
Macarena Kutscher, Shanjukta Nath, Sergio Urzua
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2023, 221, 104863
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13292
Ex Ante Inequality of Opportunity in Health among the Elderly in China: A Distributional Decomposition Analysis of Biomarkers
Lanlin Ding, Andrew M. Jones, Peng Nie
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2022, 68 (4), 922-950
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13279
The Evolution of the US Family Income-Schooling Relationship and Educational Selectivity
Christian Belzil, Jörgen Hansen
published in: Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2021, 35 (7), 841-859
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13267
Automation, Globalization and Vanishing Jobs: A Labor Market Sorting View
Ester Faia, Sébastien Laffitte, Maximilian Mayer, Gianmarco Ottaviano
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13264
The Impacts of COVID-19 on Minority Unemployment: First Evidence from April 2020 CPS Microdata
Kenneth A. Couch, Robert W. Fairlie, Huanan Xu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13249
Social Stability Challenged: Pandemics, Inequality and Policy Responses
Cristiano Perugini, Marko Vladisavljevic
published in: Journal of Policy Modeling, 2021, 43 (1), 146-160
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13235
Modelling the Distributional Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis
Cathal O'Donoghue, Denisa Maria Sologon, Iryna Kyzyma, John McHale
published in: Fiscal Studies, 2020, 41 (2), 321 - 336
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13222
The Insights and Illusions of Consumption Measurements
Erich Battistin, Michele De Nadai, Nandini Krishnan
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2023,161, 102991
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13212
Workforce Composition, Productivity and Pay: The Role of Firms in Wage Inequality
Chiara Criscuolo, Alexander Hijzen, Cyrille Schwellnus, Erling Barth, Wen-Hao Chen, Richard Fabling, Priscilla Fialho, Katarzyna Grabska, Ryo Kambayashi, Timo Leidecker, Oskar Nordström Skans, Capucine Riom, Duncan H.W. Roth, Balazs Stadler, Richard Upward, Wouter Zwysen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13199
What Determines the Capital Share over the Long Run of History?
Erik Bengtsson, Enrico Rubolino, Daniel Waldenström
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13183
Inequality in the Impact of the Coronavirus Shock: Evidence from Real Time Surveys
Abi Adams-Prassl, Teodora Boneva, Marta Golin, Christopher Rauh
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2020, 189, 104245
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13179
Inequality and Panel Income Changes: Conditions for Possibilities and Impossibilities
Robert Duval Hernández, Gary S. Fields, George H. Jakubson
published as 'Inequality and Panel Income Changes: Conditions for Possibilities and Impossibilities' in: International Economic Review, 2023, 64 (1), 295-324.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13175
Wage Differentials, Bargaining Protocols, and Trade Unionism in Mid-Twentieth Century American Labor Markets
John H. Pencavel
published in: ILR Review, 2022, 75 (1), 139 - 167.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13157
Are Universities Important for Explaining Unequal Participation in Student Mobility? A Comparison between Germany, Hungary, Italy and the UK
Sylke V. Schnepf, Elena Bastianelli, Zsuzsa Blaskó
revised version published online as 'What can explain the socio-economic gap in international student mobility uptake? Similarities between Germany, Hungary, Italy and the UK' in: European Education Research Journal, 2024, 23 (4), 479 - 502
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13124
Inequality in Socio-Emotional Skills: A Cross-Cohort Comparison
Orazio Attanasio, Richard Blundell, Gabriella Conti, Giacomo Mason
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2020, 191, 104171
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13100
Cream Skimming by Health Care Providers and Inequality in Health Care Access: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment
Anna Werbeck, Ansgar Wübker, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2021, 188, 1325-1350
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13082
Accounting for Wealth Concentration in the US
Barıș Kaymak, David Leung, Markus Poschke
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13070
Was Falling Inequality in All Latin American Countries a Data-Driven Illusion? Income Distribution and Mobility Patterns in Uruguay 2009-2016
Gabriel Burdin, Mauricio De Rosa, Andrea Vigorito, Joan Vilá
revised version published as 'Falling inequality and the growing capital income share: Reconciling divergent trends in survey and tax data' in: World Development, 2022, 152, 105783
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13057
Comparing Distributions of Ordinal Data
Stephen P. Jenkins
published in: The Stata Journal, 2020, 20 (3), 505–531
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13044
Long-Term Evolution of Inequality of Opportunity
Maurizio Bussolo, Daniele Checchi, Vito Peragine
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2023, 21, 277 - 323
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13041
Short and Long-Run Labor Market Effects of Developing Country Exports: Evidence from Bangladesh
Raymond Robertson, Deeksha Kokas, Diego Cardozo Medeiros, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13016
Hours Worked and the U.S. Distribution of Real Annual Earnings 1976–2016
Iván Fernández-Val, Franco Peracchi, Aico van Vuuren, Francis Vella
published in: Journal of Applied Economics, 2024, 39 (4), 659 - 678
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13008
Buy Flexible, Pay More: The Role of Temporary Contracts on Wage Inequality
Andrea Albanese, Giovanni Gallo
published in: Labour Economics 2020, 64, 101814
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13003
Wage Inequality in Germany after the Minimum Wage Introduction
Mario Bossler, Thorsten Schank
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2023, 41 (3), 813 - 857
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12998
Recoupling Economic and Social Prosperity
Katharina Lima de Miranda, Dennis J. Snower
published in: Global Perspectives, 2020, 1 (1), 11867
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12990
Between Firm Changes in Earnings Inequality: The Dominant Role of Industry Effects
John C. Haltiwanger, James R. Spletzer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12983
Ask and You Shall Receive? Gender Differences in Regrades in College
Cher H Li, Basit Zafar
published in: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2023, 15 (2), 359 - 394
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12972
Satisfaction with Life, Happiness, and Inequality – a Pseudo-Panel Study
Søren Jensen, Peder J. Pedersen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12971
Long-Run Trends in the U.S. SES-Achievement Gap
Eric A. Hanushek, Paul E. Peterson, Laura M. Talpey, Ludger Woessmann
published in: Education Finance and Policy, 2022, 17 (4), 608-640
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12963
Going Beyond GDP with a Parsimonious Indicator: Inequality-Adjusted Healthy Lifetime Income
David E. Bloom, Victoria Y. Fan, Vadim Kufenko, Osondu Ogbuoji, Klaus Prettner, Gavin Yamey
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12950
Decomposing US Income Inequality à La Shapley: Race Matters, but Gender Too
Frédéric Chantreuil, Kévin Fourrey, Isabelle Lebon, Therese Rebiere
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12942
Do Cash Windfalls Affect Wages? Evidence from R&D Grants to Small Firms
Sabrina T. Howell, J. David Brown
published in: Review of Financial Studies, 2023, 36 (5), 1889 - 1929
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12918
Pension Reform and the Efficiency-Equity Trade-Off: Impacts of Removing an Early Retirement Subsidy
Asbjørn Goul Andersen, Simen Markussen, Knut Røed
published in: Labour Economics, 2021, 72, 102050
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12914
The Impact of a Minimum Wage Change on the Distribution of Wages and Household Income
Paul Redmond, Karina Doorley, Seamus McGuinness
published in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2021, 73 (3),1034 - 1056
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12912
The Effect of Unfair Chances and Gender Discrimination on Labor Supply
Nickolas Gagnon, Kristof Bosmans, Arno Riedl
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12910
On the Precarious Link between the Gini Coefficient and the Incentive to Migrate
Oded Stark, Lukasz Byra, Grzegorz Kosiorowski
published in: Economics Letters, 2020, 187, 108880
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12873
Health Inequality among Chinese Older Adults: The Role of Childhood Circumstances
Binjian Yan, Xi Chen, Thomas M. Gill
published in: Journal of The Economics of Ageing, 2020, 17, 100237
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12821
Firms' Wage Structures, Workers' Fairness Perceptions, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions: Evidence from Linked Employer-Employee Data
Jens Mohrenweiser, Christian Pfeifer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12811
Inequality Comparisons with Ordinal Data
Stephen P. Jenkins
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2021, 67 (3), 547- 563
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12810
Better Off? Distributional Comparisons for Ordinal Data about Personal Well-Being
Stephen P. Jenkins
published in: New Zealand Economic Papers, 2020, 54 (3), 211-238
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12776
Improving Employment and Earnings in 21st Century Labor Markets: An Introduction
Erica L. Groshen, Harry J. Holzer
published in: RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 2019, 5 (1), 1-19;
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12757
Income Growth and its Distribution from Eisenhower to Obama: The Growing Importance of In-Kind Transfers (1959-2016)
James Elwell, Kevin Corinth, Richard V. Burkhauser
published in D. Furchtgott-Roth (ed.), United States Trends in Income, Wealth, Consumption, and Well-Being; OUP, Oxford, 2020, 90-124.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12750
Recruit to Reject? Harvard and African American Applicants
Peter Arcidiacono, Josh Kinsler, Tyler Ransom
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2022, 88, 102255
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12740
The Intergenerational Transmission of Health in the United States: A Latent Variables Analysis
Timothy J. Halliday, Bhashkar Mazumder, Ashley Wong
published in: Health Economics, 2020, 29 (3), 367-381
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12737
Job Satisfaction and Coworker Pay in Canadian Firms
Mohsen Javdani, Brian Krauth
published in: Canadian Journal of Economics, 2020, 53 (1), 212-248
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12734
Reevaluating Distributional Consequences of the Transition to Market Economy in Poland: New Results from Combined Household Survey and Tax Return Data
Michał Brzeziński, Michal Myck, Mateusz Najsztub
revised version published as 'Sharing the gains of transition: evaluating changes in income inequality and redistribution in Poland using combined survey and tax return data' in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2022, 73, 102121
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12661
Changing Returns to Occupational Skill and Women's Wages
Felix Schran
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12647
Occupation Growth, Skill Prices, and Wage Inequality
Michael Johannes Böhm, Hans-Martin von Gaudecker, Felix Schran
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2024, 42 (1), 201–243
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12623
Climate Change, Inequality, and Human Migration
Michal Burzynski, Christoph Deuster, Frédéric Docquier, Jaime de Melo
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2022, 20 (3), 1145 - 1197
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12608
Catching up Is Hard to Do: Undergraduate Prestige, Elite Graduate Programs, and the Earnings Premium
Joni Hersch
published in: Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, 2019, 10 (3), 503 - 553
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12553
Economic Polarization and Antisocial Behavior: An Experiment
Maria Bigoni, Stefania Bortolotti, Efşan Nas Özen
published in: Games and Economic Behavior, 2021, 126, 387 - 401
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12529
The 2011 Break in the Part-Time Indicator and the Evolution of Wage Inequality in Germany
Bernd Fitzenberger, Arnim Seidlitz
published in: Journal for Labour Market Research, 2020, 54, 1(2020)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12475
Repeated Shocks and Preferences for Redistribution
Giovanni Gualtieri, Marcella Nicolini, Fabio Sabatini
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2019, 167: 53-71
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12473
Which Ladder to Climb? Decomposing Life Cycle Wage Dynamics
Christian Bayer, Moritz Kuhn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12472
Is Employment Polarization Informative about Wage Inequality and Is Employment Really Polarizing?
Jennifer Hunt, Ryan Nunn
published as 'Has U.S. employment really polarized? A critical reappraisal' in: Labour Economics, 2022, 75, 102117
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12468
Higher Tax and Less Work: An Optimal Response to Relative Income Concern
Felix FitzRoy, Jim Jin, Michael A. Nolan
published as 'Higher tax and less work: reverse 'Keep up with the Joneses' and rising inequality' in: Journal of Economics, 2023, 139 (3), 177-190,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12451
Pre- and Post-Birth Components of Intergenerational Persistence in Health and Longevity: Lessons from a Large Sample of Adoptees
Evelina Björkegren, Mikael Lindahl, Mårten Palme, Emilia Simeonova
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2022, 57 (1), 112-142
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12436
Societal Inequalities Amplify Gender Gaps in Math
Thomas Breda, Elyès Jouini, Clotilde Napp
published in: Science Magazine, 2018, 359 (6381), 1219-1220
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12436
Societal Inequalities Amplify Gender Gaps in Math
Thomas Breda, Elyès Jouini, Clotilde Napp
published in: Science Magazine, 2018, 359 (6381), 1219-1220
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12434
Individual Consequences of Occupational Decline
Per-Anders Edin, Tiernan Evans, Georg Graetz, Sofia Hernnäs, Guy Michaels
published in: Economic Journal, 2023, 133 (654), 2178–2209
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12428
Digitalization and the Future of Work: Macroeconomic Consequences
Melanie Arntz, Terry Gregory, Ulrich Zierahn-Weilage
published in: Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12390
The Measurement of Health Inequalities: Does Status Matter?
Joan Costa-Font, Frank A. Cowell
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2022, 20, 299–325
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12350
The Distribution of Well-Being among Europeans
Andrea Brandolini, Alfonso Rosolia
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12316
Life Expectancy and Parental Education
Mathias Huebener
published in: Social Science & Medicine, 2019, Vol. 232, 351-365
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12302
Like (Grand)Parent, like Child? Multigenerational Mobility across the EU
Marco Colagrossi, Beatrice d'Hombres, Sylke V. Schnepf
revised version published in: European Economic Review, 2020, 130, 103600
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12293
Automation and New Tasks: How Technology Displaces and Reinstates Labor
Daron Acemoglu, Pascual Restrepo
published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2019, 33 (2), 3 - 30
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12292
The Wrong Kind of AI? Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Labor Demand
Daron Acemoglu, Pascual Restrepo
published in: Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 2020, 13 (1), 25 - 35
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12273
'And Yet, It Moves': Intergenerational Mobility in Italy
Paolo Acciari, Alberto Polo, Giovanni L. Violante
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2022, 14 (3), 118 - 163
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12246
Access to Imported Intermediates and Intra-Firm Wage Inequality
Ying Ge, Tony Fang, Yeheng Jiang
published in: World Economy, 2019, 42 (8), 2364-2384.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12227
Managing the Impact of Climate on Migration: Evidence from Mexico
Isabelle Chort, Maëlys de la Rupelle
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12218
The Race against the Robots and the Fallacy of the Giant Cheesecake: Immediate and Imagined Impacts of Artificial Intelligence
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12214
Firms and Wage Inequality in Central and Eastern Europe
Iga Magda, Jan Gromadzki, Simone Moriconi
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2021, 49 (2), 499 - 552
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12199
Inequality and Trade Policy: Pro-Poor Bias of Contemporary Trade Restrictions
Beyza Ural Marchand
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2019, 65, 123-152.​​​​
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12118
Selection and Educational Attainment: Why Some Children Are Left Behind? Evidence from a Middle-Income Country
Luciana Méndez-Errico, Xavier Ramos
published in: Education Economics, 2022, 30 (6), 624-643
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12116
Mortality in Midlife for Subgroups in Germany
Peter Haan, Anna Hammerschmid, Julia Schmieder
published in: Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 2019, 14, 100182
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12088
Schooling Forsaken: Education and Migration
Ilhom Abdulloev, Gil S. Epstein, Ira N. Gang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12070
Inequality of Opportunity in Education: Accounting for the Contributions of Sibs, Schools and Sorting across East Africa
Paul Anand, Jere R. Behrman, Hai-Anh H Dang, Sam Jones
published as 'Decomposing Learning Inequalities in East Africa: How Much Does Sorting Matter?' in: World Bank Economic Review, 2022, 36 (1), 219-243
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12053
University Tuition Fees and High School Students' Educational Intentions
Michael Bahrs, Thomas Siedler
published in: Fiscal Studies, 2019, 40 (2), 117-147
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12048
Regional Migration and Wage Inequality in the West African Economic and Monetary Union
Esther Mirjam Girsberger, Romuald Meango, Hillel Rapoport
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2020, 48 (2), 385-404
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12046
The Race between Demand and Supply: Tinbergen's Pioneering Studies of Earnings Inequality
James J. Heckman
published in: De economist, 2019, 167, 243–258
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12046
The Race between Demand and Supply: Tinbergen's Pioneering Studies of Earnings Inequality
James J. Heckman
published in: De economist, 2019, 167, 243–258
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12044
Decomposing Real Wage Changes in the United States
Iván Fernández-Val, Aico van Vuuren, Francis Vella
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12034
Inequality and Market Concentration, When Shareholding Is More Skewed Than Consumption
Joshua S. Gans, Andrew Leigh, Martin Schmalz, Adam Triggs
published in: Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2019, 35 (3), 550 - 563
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12017
Learning from the
Olivier B. Bargain, Holguer Xavier Jara Tamayo, Prudence Magejo, Miracle Benhura
published as 'Income Distribution and the Potential of Redistributive Systems in Africa: A Decomposition Approach ' in: Journal of African Economies, 2022, 31 (4), 293 - 328
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12015
Income Inequality and the Size of Government: A Causal Analysis
Martin Guzi, Martin Kahanec
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12002
Labor Market Adjustment to Third Party Competition: Evidence from Mexico
Raymond Robertson, Timothy J. Halliday, Sindhu Vasireddy
published in: World Economy, 2020, 43 (7), 1977 - 2006
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11964
Unions and Wage Inequality: The Roles of Gender, Skill and Public Sector Employment
David Card, Thomas Lemieux, W. Craig Riddell
published in: Canadian Journal of Economics, 2020, 53 (1), 140 - 173
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11959
International Migration and the Distribution of Income in New Zealand Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan Areas
Omoniyi Alimi, David C. Maré, Jacques Poot
published in: New Zealand Economic Papers, 2022, 56 (3), 272-295
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11953
Housing Expenditures and Income Inequality
Christian Dustmann, Bernd Fitzenberger, Markus Zimmermann
published in: Economic Journal, 2022, 132 (645), 1709 - 1736
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11885
Capital Market Integration and Gender Inequality
Mizuki Komura, Hikaru Ogawa
published in: Review of Development Economics, 2019, 23(3), 1387-1413.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11884
A Different Perspective on the Evolution of UK Income Inequality
Anthony B. Atkinson, Stephen P. Jenkins
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2020, 66 (2), 253-266
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11883
Inequality, Reordering and Divergent Growth: Processes of Neighbourhood Change in Dutch Cities
Tal Modai-Snir, Maarten van Ham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11838
Top Incomes in Germany, 1871-2014
Charlotte Bartels
published in: Journal of Economic History, 2019, 79 (3), 669-707
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11827
Which Ladder to Climb? Wages of Workers by Job, Plant, and Education
Christian Bayer, Moritz Kuhn
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