IZA Discussion Papers

published as 'Digital Entrepreneurship' in: Liebregts, W., van den Heuvel, WJ., van den Born, A. (eds), Data Science for Entrepreneurship. Classroom Companion: Business. Springer, Cham, 2023, 279-303

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13436

Entrepreneurial Recovery from COVID-19: Decentralization, Democratization, Demand, Distribution, and Demography

Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13390

Does Emigration Drain Entrepreneurs?

Massimo Anelli, Gaetano Basso, Giuseppe Ippedico, Giovanni Peri

published as 'Emigration and Entrepreneurial Drain' in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2023, 15 (2), 218–252

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13173

Tenancy by the Entirety and the Value of Wealth Insurance for Entrepreneurs

Jeffrey Traczynski

published in: Journal of Law, Finance and Accounting, 2020, 5 (2), 337 - 359

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12690

Catching up or Lagging Behind? The Long-Term Business and Innovation Potential of Subsidized Start-Ups out of Unemployment

Marco Caliendo, Steffen Künn, Martin Weissenberger

published in: Research Policy, 2020, 49 (10), 1-14

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12607

Entrepreneurial Persistence beyond Survival: Measurement and Determinants

Marco Caliendo, Maximilian Göthner, Martin Weißenberger

published in: Journal of Small Business Management, 2020, 58 (3), 617-647.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12499

Entrepreneurship over the Business Cycle in the United States: A Decomposition

Frank M. Fossen

revised version published in: Small Business Economics, 2021, 57, 1837-1855

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12325

The Impact of Soft-Skills Training for Entrepreneurs in Jamaica

Diego Ubfal, Irani Arraiz, Diether Beuermann, Michael Frese, Alessandro Maffioli, Daniel Verch

published in: World Development, 2022, 152, 105787

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12189

Transitioning from Solo Self-Employed to Microbusiness Employer: Local Economic Environment or Owner Characteristics?

Andrew Henley

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11650

Skills, Scope, and Success: An Empirical Look at the Start-up Process in Creative Industries in Germany

Karsten Kohn, Solvejg A. Wewel

published in: Creativity and Innovation Management, 2018, 27 (3), 295-318

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11195

Cities and Entrepreneurs over Time: Like a Horse and Carriage?

Wim Naudé

revised version published as 'Urbanisation and Entrepreneurship in Development: Like a Horse and Carriage? 'in: Dastbaz,M., Naudé, W. and Manoochehri, J. (eds.), Smart Futures, Challenges of Urbanisation, and Social Sustainability, Springer, 2018, 29 - 47

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11155

How Does Firm Survival Differ between Business Takeovers and New Venture Start-ups?

Guoqian Xi, Jörn Block, Frank Lasch, Frank Robert, Roy Thurik

published as 'The survival of business takeovers and new venture start-ups' in: Industrial and Corporate Change, 2020, 29 (3), 797 - 826

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9984

Gendered Entrepreneurship Networks

Simen Markussen, Knut Røed

revised version published as 'The Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship - The Role of Peer Effects' in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2017, 134, 356-373

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9919

Entrepreneurial Choices of Initial Human Capital Endowments and New Venture Success

Vera Rocha, Mirjam C. van Praag, Timothy B. Folta, Anabela Carneiro

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9817

Is European Entrepreneurship in Crisis?

Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9806

Size of Training Firms: The Role of Firms, Luck, and Ability in Young Workers' Careers

Steffen Müller, Renate Neubäumer

published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2018, 39 (5), 658-673

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9744

The Entrepreneurship Beveridge Curve

Thomas Gries, Stefan Jungblut, Wim Naudé

published in: International Journal of Economic Theory, 2016, 12 (2), 151-165

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9521

Entrepreneurship and the Reallocation of African Farmers

Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9242

The Power of (Non) Positive Thinking: Self-Employed Pessimists Earn More than Optimists

Christopher Dawson, David Emmanuel de Meza, Andrew Henley, Reza Arabsheibani

published as 'Curb your enthusiasm: Optimistic entrepreneurs earn less' in: European Economic Review, 2019, 111, 53 - 69

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9232

The Post Crisis Growth in the Self-Employed: Volunteers or Reluctant Recruits?

Andrew Henley

published in: Regional Studies, 2017, 51, 1312 - 1323

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8981

The Rise of Female Entrepreneurs: New Evidence on Gender Differences in Liquidity Constraints

Robert M. Sauer, Tanya Wilson

published in: European Economic Review, 2016, 86, 73-86

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8577

Risk, Uncertainty and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from a Lab-in-the-Field Experiment

Martin Koudstaal, Randolph Sloof, Mirjam C. van Praag

published in: Management Science, 2016, 62 (10), 2897 - 2915

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8564

Young Entrepreneurs in Rural Africa: Prevalence, Determinants, Productivity

Paula Nagler, Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8524

Labor Productivity in Rural African Enterprises: Empirical Evidence from the LSMS-ISA

Paula Nagler, Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8295

Non-Farm Enterprise Productivity and Spatial Autocorrelation in Rural Africa: Evidence from Ethiopia and Nigeria

Nkechi S. Owoo, Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8237

Jacks-of-All-Trades? The Effect of Balanced Skills on Team Performance

Laura Rosendahl Huber, Randolph Sloof, Mirjam C. van Praag

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8111

Is Religion Associated with Entrepreneurial Activity?

Andrew Henley

published as 'Does Religion Influence Entrepreneurial Behaviour?' in: International Small Business Journal, 2017, 35 (5), 597 - 617

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8008

Non-Farm Entrepreneurship in Rural Africa: Patterns and Determinants

Paula Nagler, Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7889

Skill Variety, Innovation and New Business Formation

Jolanda Hessels, Udo Brixy, Wim Naudé, Thomas Gries

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7796

Foreign Direct Investment and Domestic Entrepreneurship: Blessing or Curse?

Seçil Hülya Danakol, Saul Estrin, Paul Reynolds, Utz Weitzel

published as 'Foreign direct investment via M&A and domestic entrepreneurship: blessing or curse?' in: Small Business Economics, 2017, 48 (3), 599 - 612

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7669

Immigration and Entrepreneurship

Robert W. Fairlie, Magnus Lofstrom

published in: Barry Chiswick and Paul Miller (eds.), Handbook on the Economics of International Immigration, 1B, Elsevier, 2015

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7653

The Wider Economic Impacts of High-Skilled Migrants: A Survey of the Literature

Max Nathan

published in: IZA Journal of Migration 2014, 3:4

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7547

"Romanticizing Penniless Entrepreneurs?" The Relationship between Start-Ups and Human Wellbeing across Countries

Wim Naudé, José Ernesto Amorós, Oscar Cristi

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7542

Survival of Spinoffs and Other Startups: First Evidence for the Private Sector in Germany, 1976-2008

Daniel Fackler, Claus Schnabel

substantially revised version published as 'Spinoffs in Germany: Characteristics, Survival, and the Role of their Parents', in: Small Business Economics, 2016, 46 (1), 93-114 ( co-authored by Alexandra Schmucker,)

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7507

Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: Theory, Evidence and Policy

Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7346

Firm-Level Heterogeneity and the Decision to Export: A Real Option Approach

Wim Naudé, Thomas Gries, Natasa Bilkic

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7284

Team Heterogeneity in Startups and its Development over Time

Ulrich Kaiser, Bettina Müller

published in: Small Business Economics, 2015, 45 (4), 787-804

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7121

Unemployment Insurance and Entrepreneurship

Knut Røed, Jens Fredrik Skogstrøm

revised version published in: Labour: Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, 2014, 26 (4), 430-448

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7044

Ability Dispersion and Team Performance: A Field Experiment

Sander M. Hoogendoorn, Simon C. Parker, Mirjam C. van Praag

published online in: Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 30 November 2017

IZA Discussion Paper No. 6947

Gender, Risk and Venture Creation Intentions

Christopher Dawson, Andrew Henley

published in: Journal of Small Business Management, 2015, 53(2), 501-515

IZA Discussion Paper No. 6844

Entrepreneurship: Cause or Consequence of Financial Optimism?

Christopher Dawson, David Emmanuel de Meza, Andrew Henley, Reza Arabsheibani

published in: Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 2014, 23(4), 717–742

IZA Discussion Paper No. 6731

Ethnic Diversity and Team Performance: A Field Experiment

Sander M. Hoogendoorn, Mirjam C. van Praag

revised version available here

IZA Discussion Paper No. 6411

Information and Competition Entry

Mara Ewers

IZA Discussion Paper No. 6200

Risk, Balanced Skills and Entrepreneurship

Chihmao Hsieh, Simon C. Parker, Mirjam C. van Praag

IZA Discussion Paper No. 6103

Transitions to Entrepreneurship and Industry-Specific Barriers

Magnus Lofstrom, Timothy Bates, Simon C. Parker

published as 'Why Are Some People More Likely to Become Small-Businesses Owners than Others: Entrepreneurship Entry and Industry-specific Barriers' in: Journal of Business Venturing, 2014, 29(2), 232–251

IZA Discussion Paper No. 6035

Alte Idee, neues Programm: Der Gründungszuschuss als Nachfolger von Überbrückungsgeld und Ich-AG

Marco Caliendo, Jens Hogenacker, Steffen Künn, Frank Wießner

published in: Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung / Journal for Labour Market Research, 2012, 45 (2), 99-123

IZA Discussion Paper No. 5790

Searching for the Entrepreneurial Personality: New Evidence and Avenues for Further Research

Marco Caliendo, Alexander S. Kritikos

published in: Journal of Economic Psychology, 2012, 33 (2), 319-324

IZA Discussion Paper No. 5566

Personality Characteristics and the Decision to Become and Stay Self-Employed

Marco Caliendo, Frank M. Fossen, Alexander S. Kritikos

revised version published in: Small Business Economics, 2014, 42 (4), 787-814

IZA Discussion Paper No. 5373

Creative Unemployment

Knut Røed, Jens Fredrik Skogstrøm

revised version published as 'Job loss and Entrepreneurship' in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2014, 76 (5), 727-744

IZA Discussion Paper No. 5370

Trust, Positive Reciprocity, and Negative Reciprocity: Do These Traits Impact Entrepreneurial Dynamics?

Marco Caliendo, Frank M. Fossen, Alexander S. Kritikos

published in: Journal of Economic Psychology, 2012, 33 (2), 394-409

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4778

What's the Difference?! Gender, Personality, and the Propensity to Start a Business

Marina Furdas, Karsten Kohn

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4661

"I Want to, But I Also Need to": Start-Ups Resulting from Opportunity and Necessity

Marco Caliendo, Alexander S. Kritikos

published in: Erik Lehmann and M. Keilbach, M. (eds.), From Industrial Organization to Entrepreneurship: A Tribute to David B. Audretsch, Springer, New York, 2019, 247-265

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4628

Returns for Entrepreneurs vs. Employees: The Effect of Education and Personal Control on the Relative Performance of Entrepreneurs vs. Wage Employees

Mirjam C. van Praag, Arjen van Witteloostuijn, Justin van der Sluis

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4250

Entrepreneurship: Origins and Returns

Helge Berglann, Espen R. Moen, Knut Røed, Jens Fredrik Skogstrøm

published in: Labour Economics, 2011, 18 (2), 180-193

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4245

Who Values the Status of the Entrepreneur?

Mirjam C. van Praag

published in: Handbook of Research on Innovation And Entrepreneurship, Edward Elgar Publishers, 2011

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4221

How Does Entry Regulation Influence Entry into Self-Employment and Occupational Mobility?

Susanne Prantl, Alexandra Spitz-Oener

published in: Economics of Transition, 2009, 17 (4), 769-802

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4195

Intrapreneurship or Entrepreneurship?

Simon C. Parker

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3880

Die Nachhaltigkeit von geförderten Existenzgründungen aus Arbeitslosigkeit: Eine Bilanz nach fünf Jahren

Marco Caliendo, Steffen Künn, Frank Wießner

published in: Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung / Journal for Labour Market Research, 2010, 42(4), 269-291

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3648

If You Are So Smart, Why Aren't You an Entrepreneur? Returns to Cognitive and Social Ability: Entrepreneurs versus Employees

Joop Hartog, Mirjam C. van Praag, Justin van der Sluis

published in: Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 2010, 19 (4), 947-989

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3644

Businesswomen in Germany and Their Performance by Ethnicity: It Pays to Be Self-Employed

Amelie F. Constant

published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2009, 30 (1-2), 145-162

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3525

The Impact of Risk Attitudes on Entrepreneurial Survival

Marco Caliendo, Frank M. Fossen, Alexander S. Kritikos

revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2010, 76 (1), 45-63

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3360

Start-Up Subsidies in East Germany: Finally, a Policy that Works?

Marco Caliendo

published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2009, 30(7), 625-647

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3220

Start-Ups by the Unemployed: Characteristics, Survival and Direct Employment Effects

Marco Caliendo, Alexander S. Kritikos

revised version published in: Small Business Economics, 2010, 35(1), 71-92

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3114

Die reformierte Gründungsförderung für Arbeitslose: Chancen und Risiken

Marco Caliendo, Alexander S. Kritikos

published in: Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, 2009, 10(2), 189-213

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3058

Why Are the Returns to Education Higher for Entrepreneurs than for Employees?

Justin van der Sluis, Mirjam C. van Praag, Arjen van Witteloostuijn

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3014

What Is the Value of Entrepreneurship? A Review of Recent Research

Mirjam C. van Praag, Peter H. Versloot

published in: Small Business Economics, 2007, 29 (4), 351-382

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2992

A Study of Academic Entrepreneurs Using Venture Capital Data

Junfu Zhang

published under the title 'Why Do Some U.S. Universities Generate More Venture-Backed Academic Entrepreneurs than Others?' in: Venture Capital, 2009, 11(2), 133-162

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2964

The Advantage of Experienced Start-Up Founders in Venture Capital Acquisition: Evidence from Serial Entrepreneurs

Junfu Zhang

published in: Small Business Economics, 2011, 36(2), 187-208

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2813

Self-Employment and Parenthood: Exploring the Impact of Partners, Children and Gender

Ruta Aidis, Cécile Wetzels

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2687

Is Entrepreneurial Success Predictable? An Ex-Ante Analysis of the Character-Based Approach

Marco Caliendo, Alexander S. Kritikos

published in: Kyklos, 2008, 61(2), 189-214

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2660

Turning Unemployment into Self-Employment: Effectiveness and Efficiency of Two Start-Up Programmes

Hans J. Baumgartner, Marco Caliendo

revised version published in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2008, 70(3), 347-373

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2475

Entrepreneurship and the Process of Firms’ Entry, Survival and Growth

Enrico Santarelli, Marco Vivarelli

published in: Industrial and Corporate Change, 2007, 16(3), 455-488

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2382

The Entrepreneur's Mode of Entry: Business Takeover or New Venture Start

Simon C. Parker, Mirjam C. van Praag

published in: Journal of Business Venturing, 2011, 27 (1), 31-46

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2264

The Jack-of-All-Trades Entrepreneur: Innate Talent or Acquired Skill?

Olmo Silva

published in: Economics Letters, 2007, 97 (2), 118-123

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2168

Risk Attitudes of Nascent Entrepreneurs: New Evidence from an Experimentally-Validated Survey

Marco Caliendo, Frank M. Fossen, Alexander S. Kritikos

revised version published in: Small Business Economics, 2009, 32 (2), 153-167

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2161

Institutions, Networks and Entrepreneurship Development in Russia: An Exploration

Ruta Aidis, Saul Estrin

published in: Journal of Business Venturing, 2008, 23 (6), 656-672

IZA Discussion Paper No. 1712

Entrepreneurship Among Married Couples in the United States: A Simultaneous Probit Approach

Simon C. Parker

published in: Labour Economics, 2008, 15 (3), 515-537

IZA Discussion Paper No. 1440

The Making of Entrepreneurs in Germany: Are Native Men and Immigrants Alike?

Amelie F. Constant, Klaus F. Zimmermann

published in: Small Business Economics, 2006, 26 (3), 279-300

IZA Discussion Paper No. 1386

Self-Employment Dynamics Across the Business Cycle: Migrants Versus Natives

Amelie F. Constant, Klaus F. Zimmermann

substantially revised version published as 'Self-employment against employment or unemployment: Markov transitions across the business cycle' in: Eurasian Business Review, 2014, 4 (1), 51-87

IZA Discussion Paper No. 1343

What Makes Small Firms Grow? Finance, Human Capital, Technical Assistance, and the Business Environment in Romania

J. David Brown, John S. Earle, Dana Lup

published in: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2005, 54 (1), 33-70

IZA Discussion Paper No. 1234

Immigrant versus Native Businesswomen: Proclivity and Performance

Amelie F. Constant

substantially revised version published in: Kyklos, 2006, 59 (4), 465-480

IZA Discussion Paper No. 940

What Makes an Entrepreneur and Does It Pay? Native Men, Turks, and Other Migrants in Germany

Amelie F. Constant, Yochanan Shachmurove, Klaus F. Zimmermann

published in: International Migration, 2007, 45 (4), 69-98