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IZA Discussion Papers

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The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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96 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17709
Political Spillovers of Worker Representation: With or Without Workplace Democracy?
Uwe Jirjahn
revised version forthcoming in: Analyse und Kritik - Journal of Philosophy and Social Theory
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17616
Hiring Subsidies and Temporary Work Agencies
Natalia Bermúdez-Barrezueta, Sam Desiere, Giulia Tarullo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17615
Unions and Employers' Associations in Germany: A Survey of Their Membership, Density and Bargaining Coverage
Claus Schnabel
published in: Journal for Labour Market Research, 2025, 59, 7(2025)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17350
Employee Performance and Mental Well-Being: The Mitigating Effects of Transformational Leadership During Crisis
Kristina Czura, Florian Englmaier, Hoa Ho, Lisa Spantig
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17152
Worker Representatives
Julian Budde, Thomas Dohmen, Simon Jäger, Simon Trenkle
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17005
The Demise of Works Councils in Germany
Susanne Kohaut, Claus Schnabel
forthcoming in: Industrielle Beziehungen (German Journal of Industrial Relations)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16883
The Use of Performance Appraisals and Employees' Presenteeism Behavior
Christian Grund, Anna Nießen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16848
Sick of Working from Home?
Dominique Goux, Eric Maurin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16727
Corporate Globalization and Worker Representation
Uwe Jirjahn
published in: Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16621
Minimum Wage Non-compliance: The Role of Co-determination
Laszlo Goerke, Markus Pannenberg
substantially revised version published online in: European Journal of Law and Economics, 14 September 2024,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16476
The Wage Effects of Employers' Associations: A Case Study of the Private Schools Sector
Pedro S. Martins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16333
Outside Options and Worker Motivation
Alexander Ahammer, Matthias Fahn, Flora Stiftinger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15898
On the Emergence of Cooperative Industrial and Labor Relations
Gabriele Cardullo, Maurizio Conti, Andrea Ricci, Sergio Scicchitano, Giovanni Sulis
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2024, 62 (3), 568 - 590
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15844
Is There a Union Wage Premium in Germany and Which Workers Benefit Most?
Marina Bonaccolto-Töpfer, Claus Schnabel
published in: Economies, 2023, 11 (2), 50
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15809
Worker Satisfaction and Worker Representation: The Jury Is Still Out
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
published online as 'Job satisfaction and workplace representation in Europe' in: Manchester School, 12 September 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15488
Training, Worker Mobility, and Employer Coordination
Pedro S. Martins, Jonathan P. Thomas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15444
Political Spillovers of Workplace Democracy in Germany
Uwe Jirjahn, Thi Xuan Thu Le
revised version published in: Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 2024, 95 (1), 5-31
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15112
Uncovered Workers in Plants Covered by Collective Bargaining: Who Are They and How Do They Fare?
Boris Hirsch, Philipp Lentge, Claus Schnabel
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2022, 60 (4), 929-945
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15008
Worker Representation
Alex Bryson, John Forth
published in: T. Eriksson (ed.), Elgar Encyclopedia of Labour Studies , Edward Elgar, 2023, 237–241
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14873
Personnel Adjustments during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Did Co-Determination Make a Difference?
Daniel Fackler, Claus Schnabel, Jens Stegmaier
published in: Journal for Labour Market Research, 2024, 58, 4 (2024)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14163
Voice at Work
Jarkko Harju, Simon Jäger, Benjamin Schoefer
revise and resubmit: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14143
Wage Determination in the Shadow of the Law: The Case of Works Councilors in Germany
Laszlo Goerke, Markus Pannenberg
substantially revised version published in: Economic and Industrial Democracy, 2024, 45 (1), 38 - 115
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13327
Wage Growth Distribution and Changes over Time: 2001-2018
Guyonne Kalb, Jordy Meekes
published in: Australian Economic Review, 2021, 54 (1), 76-93
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13285
Management Practices, Worker Commitment, and Workplace Representation
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13076
Paying Outsourced Labor: Direct Evidence from Linked Temp Agency-Worker-Client Data
Andres Drenik, Simon Jäger, Pascuel Plotkin, Benjamin Schoefer
published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2023, 105 (1), 206–216.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13005
Behavioral Aspects of Communication in Organizations
Fortuna Casoria, Arno Riedl, Peter Werner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12799
Labor in the Boardroom
Simon Jäger, Benjamin Schoefer, Jörg Heining
published in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2021, 136 (2), 669-725.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12787
Climbing the Ladders of Job Satisfaction and Employees' Organizational Commitment: A Semi-Nonparametric Approach
José António Cabral Vieira
published as 'Climbing the ladders of job satisfaction and employee organizational commitment: cross-country evidence using a semi-nonparametric approach' in: Journal of Applied Economics, 2023, 26 (1), 2163581.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12767
Owners, External Managers, and Industrial Relations in German Establishments
Arnd Kölling, Claus Schnabel
substantially revised version published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2022, 60 (2), 424-443
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12670
Works Councils and Performance Appraisals
Christian Grund, Dirk Sliwka, Krystina Titz
published in: Journal of Participation & Employee Ownership, 2020, 3, 29-50
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12597
Personal Attitudes, Job Characteristics and Health
Lutz Bellmann, Olaf Hübler
published as 'Personality traits, working conditions and health: an empirical analysis based on the German Linked Personnel Panel, 2013 - 2017 ' in: Review of Managerial Science, 2022, 16, 283 - 318
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12438
Dissonant Works Councils and Establishment Survivability
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Philipp Grunau, Lutz Bellmann
revised version published as 'Works Council "Disaffection" and Establishment Survivability" in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2023, 70 (1), 38 - 67
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12344
Works Councils and Organizational Gender Policies in Germany
Uwe Jirjahn, Jens Mohrenweiser
revised version published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2021, 59 (4), 1020-1048
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11871
Works Councils, Training and Employee Satisfaction
Lutz Bellmann, Olaf Hübler, Ute Leber
revised version published as 'Works council and training effects on satisfaction' in: Applied Economics Letters, 2019, 26(14), 1177-1181
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11860
The
Michael Barry, Alex Bryson, Rafael Gomez, Bruce E. Kaufman, Guenther Lomas, Adrian Wilkinson
published in: Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership, 2019, 2 (1), 60-90
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11616
Do German Works Councils Counter or Foster the Implementation of Digital Technologies?
Sabrina Genz, Lutz Bellmann, Britta Matthes
published in: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2019, 239 (3), 523 - 564
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11523
Performance Pay and Enterprise Productivity: The Details Matter
Takao Kato, Antti Kauhanen
published in: Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership, 2018, 1 (1), 61-73
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11518
The One Constant: A Causal Effect of Collective Bargaining on Employment Growth?
Tobias Brändle, Laszlo Goerke
published in: Scottish Journal of Political Economic, 2018, 65 (5), 445 - 478
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11506
What Do Workers Want? The Shortfall in Employee Participation at the European Workplace
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
revised version published as 'What Do Workers Want? The Representation Gap at the EU Establishment as Perceived by Their Workplace Representatives' in: Research in Labor Economics, 2020, 49, 1-39
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11309
Firm Wage Premia, Industrial Relations, and Rent Sharing in Germany
Boris Hirsch, Steffen Müller
revised version published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2020, 73 (5), 1119-1146
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11223
The Twin Track Model of Employee Voice: An Anglo-American Perspective on Union Decline and the Rise of Alternative Forms of Voice
Alex Bryson, Richard B. Freeman, Rafael Gomez, Paul Willman
published in: Holland, P., Teicher, J. and Donaghey, J. (eds.) Employee Voice at Work, Springer, 2019
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11064
The German Model of Industrial Relations: (Where) Does It Still Exist?
Michael Oberfichtner, Claus Schnabel
published in: Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik), 2019, 239 (1), 5-37
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10964
Do Good Working Conditions Make You Work Longer? Evidence on Retirement Decisions Using Linked Survey and Register Data
Petri Böckerman, Pekka Ilmakunnas
published as 'Do Good Working Conditions Make You Work Longer? Analyzing Retirement Decisions Using Linked Survey and Register Data' in: Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 2020, 17, 100192
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10899
Workplace Employee Representation and Industrial Relations Performance: New Evidence from the 2013 European Company Survey
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
published in: Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik (Journal of Economics and Statistics), 2019, 239 (1), 111-154
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10750
The Role of Works Councils for Severance Payments
Christian Grund, Johannes Martin
published in: International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2021, 32, 871-892.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10621
Benefit Generosity and Injury Duration: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Regression Kinks
Benjamin Hansen, Tuan Nguyen, Glen R. Waddell
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10576
Ceding Control: An Experimental Analysis of Participatory Management
Philip Mellizo, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Peter Hans Matthews
published in: Journal of the Economic Science Association, 2017, 3, 62 - 74
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10575
Strikes, Employee Workplace Representation, Unionism, and Trust: Evidence from Cross-Country Data
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2019, 159, 109-133.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9963
Explaining Cross-National Variation in Workplace Employee Representation
John Forth, Alex Bryson, Anitha George
published in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2017, 23 (4), 415-433
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9587
Collective Bargaining Systems and Macroeconomic and Microeconomic Flexibility: The Quest for Appropriate Institutional Forms in Advanced Economies
John T. Addison
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 2016, 5: 19
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9323
Pacts for Employment and Competitiveness as a Role Model? Their Effects on Firm Performance
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Katalin Evers, Lutz Bellmann
revised version published as 'Contract Innovation in Germany: An Economic Evaluation of Pacts for Competitiveness' in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2017, 55(3), 500-526.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8943
Unions and Collective Bargaining in the Wake of the Great Recession
John T. Addison, Pedro Portugal, Hugo Vilares
revised version published as 'Unions and Collective Bargaining in the Wake of the Great Recession: Evidence from Portugal' in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2017, 55(3), 551-576.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8516
Hiring Discrimination against Pro-Union Applicants: The Role of Union Density and Firm Size
Stijn Baert, Eddy Omey
revised version published in: De Economist, 2015, 163, 263 - 280
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8441
Examining the Relationship between Employee Resistance to Changes in Job Conditions and Wider Organisational Change: Evidence from Ireland
Hugh Cronin, Seamus McGuinness
published in: Evidence Based HRM, 2015, 4 (1), 30 - 48
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8359
Changes in Bargaining Status and Intra-Plant Wage Dispersion in Germany: A Case of (Almost) Plus Ça Change?
John T. Addison, Arnd Kölling, Paulino Teixeira
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8257
Union Decline and the Coverage Wage Gap in Germany
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Jens Stephani, Lutz Bellmann
published in: Journal of Labor Research, 2015, 36 (3), 301-317.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7871
Collective Bargaining and Innovation in Germany: Cooperative Industrial Relations?
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Katalin Evers, Lutz Bellmann
revised version published as 'Collective Bargaining and Innovation in Germany: A Case of Cooperative Industrial Relations?' in: Industrial Relations, 2017, 56(1), 73-121.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7870
Chinese Unions and Enterprises Performance
Tony Fang, Ying Ge
published in: Asian Business & Management, 2019,18, 281–300.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7555
China's 2008 Labor Contract Law: Implementation and Implications for China's Workers
Mary Gallagher, John T. Giles, Albert Park, Meiyan Wang
revised version published in: Human Relations, 2015, 68 (2), 197-235
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7498
Mit Neo-Korporatismus durch die Krise? Die Rolle des Sozialen Dialogs in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz
Werner Eichhorst, J. Timo Weishaupt
published in: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, 2013, 59 (3), 313-335
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7195
Investment under Company-Level Pacts
Lutz Bellmann, Hans-Dieter Gerner, Olaf Hübler
published in: Economic and Industrial Democracy, 2015, 36(3), 501-522
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7022
Separating Introduction Effects from Selectivity Effects: The Differences in Employment Patterns of Co-Determined Firms
Rafael Gralla, Kornelius Kraft
published in: Labour, 2018, 32 (1), 93-111
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7021
Higher Wages, Overstaffing or Both? The Employer's Assessment of Problems Regarding Wage Costs and Staff Level in Co-Determined Establishments
Rafael Gralla, Kornelius Kraft
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6984
High-Performance Management Practices and Employee Outcomes in Denmark
Annalisa Cristini, Tor Eriksson, Dario Pozzoli
published in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2013, 60 (3), 232-266
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6010
Does Institutional Diversity Account for Pay Rules in Germany and Belgium?
Stephan Kampelmann, François Rycx
published in: Socio-Economic Review, 2013, 11 (1), 131-157
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5987
The Structure of Collective Bargaining and Worker Representation: Change and Persistence in the German Model
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Alex Bryson, André Pahnke
revised version published as 'Collective Agreement Status and Survivability: Change and Persistence in the German Model' in: Labour, 2013, 27 (3), 288-309
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5868
And I Will Try to Fix You: A Study of Heterogeneity in Job Satisfaction with Implications for Flexible Employment Contracts
Aekapol Chongvilaivan, Nattavudh Powdthavee
published as 'Do Different Work Characteristics Have Different Distributional Impacts on Job Satisfaction? A Study of Slope Heterogeneity in Workers’ Well-Being' in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2014, 52 (3), 426-444
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5677
Labor Disputes and Labor Flows
Henri Fraisse, Francis Kramarz, Corinne Prost
published in: ILR Review, 2015, 68 (5), 1043-1077
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5672
The Heterogeneous Economic Consequences of Works Council Relations
Christian Pfeifer
published in: Schmollers Jahrbuch, 2011, 131 (1), 59-71
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5464
Works Councils, Wages, and Job Satisfaction
Christian Grund, Andreas Schmitt
published in: Applied Economics, 2013, 45 (3), 299-310
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5228
Wage Cyclicality under Different Regimes of Industrial Relations
Hermann Gartner, Thorsten Schank, Claus Schnabel
published in: Industrial Relations, 2013, 52 (2), 516-540
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5111
The Productivity Effects of Profit Sharing, Employee Ownership, Stock Option and Team Incentive Plans: Evidence from Korean Panel Data
Takao Kato, Ju Ho Lee, Jang-Soo Ryu
published in: Tor Eriksson (ed.), Advances in the Economic Analysis of Participatory and Labor-Managed Firms Volume 11, Bingley: Emerald, 2010
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5030
The State of Collective Bargaining and Worker Representation in Germany: The Erosion Continues
John T. Addison, Alex Bryson, Paulino Teixeira, André Pahnke, Lutz Bellmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4956
High Performance Work Practices and Employee Voice: A Comparison of Japanese and Korean Workers
Kiu-Sik Bae, Hiroyuki Chuma, Takao Kato, Dong-Bae Kim, Isao Ohashi
published in: Industrial Relations, 2011, 50 (1), 1-29
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4502
The Extent of Collective Bargaining and Workplace Representation: Transitions between States and their Determinants. A Comparative Analysis of Germany and Great Britain
John T. Addison, Alex Bryson, Paulino Teixeira, André Pahnke, Lutz Bellmann
revised version published in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2013, 60 (2), 182-209.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4126
Works Councils and Separations: Voice, Monopoly, and Insurance Effects
Boris Hirsch, Thorsten Schank, Claus Schnabel
published in: Industrial Relations, 2010, 49 (4), 566-592
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3105
Market Characteristics, Intra-Firm Coordination, and the Choice of Human Resource Management Systems: Evidence from New Japanese Data
Takao Kato, Hideo Owan
published as 'Market characteristics, intra-firm coordination, and the choice of human resource management systems: Theory and evidence' in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2011, 80 (3), 375-396
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2635
Trade Union Membership and Works Councils in West Germany
Laszlo Goerke, Markus Pannenberg
published in: Industrielle Beziehungen, 2007, 14 (2), 154-175
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2460
The Economics of Prozac: Do Employees Really Gain from Strong Employment Protection?
Etienne Wasmer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2450
Assessing Job Flows across Countries: The Role of Industry, Firm Size and Regulations
John C. Haltiwanger, Stefano Scarpetta, Helena Schweiger
published as 'Cross country differences in job reallocation: The role of industry, firm size and regulations' in: Labour Economics, 2014, 26, 11-25
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1968
Does the Quality of Industrial Relations Matter for the Macro Economy? A Cross-Country Analysis Using Strikes Data
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
published as 'Are Good Industrial Relations Good for the Economy?' in: German Economic Review, 2009, 10 (3), 253 - 269
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1762
The Choice of the Agenda in Labor Negotiations: Efficiency and Behavioral Considerations
Manfred Königstein, Marie Claire Villeval
revised version published as 'Efficiency and Behavioral Considerations in Labor Negotiations' in: Journal of Economic Psychology, 2010, 31 (4), 599-611.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1620
The Determinants of Firm Performance: Unions, Works Councils, and Employee Involvement/High Performance Work Practices
John T. Addison
published in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2005, 52 (3), 406-450
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1387
Sex Differences in Managerial Style: From Individual Leadership to Organisational Labour Relationships
Eduardo Melero Martín
IZA Discussion Paper No. 882
The Firm as a Pool of Factor Complementarities
Assar Lindbeck, Dennis J. Snower
IZA Discussion Paper No. 875
Severance Payments for Dismissed Employees in Germany
Christian Grund
revised version published in: European Journal of Law and Economics, 2006, 22, 49-71
IZA Discussion Paper No. 862
Union Voice
John T. Addison, Clive R. Belfield
published in: Journal of Labor Research, 2004, 25 (4), 563-597
IZA Discussion Paper No. 718
Consistency in Organization
Ekkehart Schlicht
final version published in: Journal of Theoretical and Institutional Economics, 2008, 164(4), 612–623
IZA Discussion Paper No. 562
Changes in Collective Bargaining in the U.K.
John T. Addison, W. Stanley Siebert
published in: John T. Addison and Claus Schnabel (eds.), International Handbook of Trade Unions, Cheltenham and Northampton, 2003, 415-460
IZA Discussion Paper No. 479
Unions and Employment Growth: The One Constant?
John T. Addison, Clive R. Belfield
published in: Industrial Relations, 2004, 43 (2), 305-323
IZA Discussion Paper No. 474
Unions, Works Councils and Plant Closings in Germany
John T. Addison, Lutz Bellmann, Arnd Kölling
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2004, 42 (1), 125-148
IZA Discussion Paper No. 455
Unions and Establishment Performance: Evidence from the British Workplace Industrial/Employee Relations Surveys
John T. Addison, Clive R. Belfield
published in: Phanindra V. Wunnava (ed.), The Changing Role of Unions: New Forms of Representation, Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, April 2004
IZA Discussion Paper No. 422
The Long Awaited Reform of the German Works Constitution Act
John T. Addison, Lutz Bellmann, Claus Schnabel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Industrial Relations, 2004, 43 (2), 392-420
IZA Discussion Paper No. 322
Works Councils and Collective Bargaining in Germany: The Impact on Productivity and Wages
Olaf Hübler, Uwe Jirjahn
revised version published in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2003, 50 (4), 471-491
IZA Discussion Paper No. 277
Evaluating an Innovative Redundancy-Retraining Project: The Austrian Steel Foundation
Rudolf Winter-Ebmer
published as 'Coping with a structural crisis: evaluating an innovative redundancy-retraining project' in: International Journal of Manpower, 2006, 27 (8), 700 - 721
IZA Discussion Paper No. 56
Centralized Bargaining, Multi-Tasking and Work Incentives
Assar Lindbeck, Dennis J. Snower
published as 'Centralized bargaining and reorganized work: Are they compatible?' in: European Economic Review, 2001, 45 (10), 1851-1875
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