The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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118 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17864
Robots Replacing Trade Unions: Novel Data and Evidence from Western Europe
Paolo Agnolin, Massimo Anelli, Italo Colantone, Piero Stanig
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17764
China’s Import Competition, Innovation and the Role of Unions
Alessia Matano, Paolo Naticchioni
published in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2025, 73, 423-433
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17709
Political Spillovers of Worker Representation: With or Without Workplace Democracy?
Uwe Jirjahn
revised version published in: Analyse und Kritik - Journal of Philosophy and Social Theory, 2025, 47 (1), 5-30
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17670
Rigid Yet Resilient: Firms' Margins of Adjustment to Demand Shocks in Regulated Labour Markets
Claudio Lucifora, Federica Origo
published in: Labour Economics, 2025, 94, 102706
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17657
Short-Time Work and Unionization
Daniele Biancardi, Claudio Lucifora, Federica Origo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17544
Automation, Trade Unions and Atypical Employment
Piotr Lewandowski, Wojciech Szymczak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17381
The Rules of the Game: Local Wage Bargaining and the Gender Pay Gap
Maria Olsson, Oskar Nordström Skans
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17326
Accounting for the Growth of Real Wages of U.S. Manufacturing Production Workers since the Nineteenth Century
John H. Pencavel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17208
Worker Power, Immigrant Sorting, and Firm Dynamics
Mikko Silliman, Alexander Willén
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17152
Worker Representatives
Julian Budde, Thomas Dohmen, Simon Jäger, Simon Trenkle
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17140
An Analysis of the Changes in British Workers' Real Wages since the 19th Century
John H. Pencavel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17116
Offshoring and the Decline of Unions
Jakob R. Munch, William W. Olney
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17034
Union Bargaining Power and the Amenity-Wage Tradeoff
Lorenzo Lagos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16870
Slouching Towards Decentralization. An Equilibrium Approach for Collective Bargaining.
Gabriele Cardullo
published online in: Italian Economic Journal, 28 February 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16697
How Do Firms Respond to Unions?
Samuel Dodini, Anna Stansbury, Alexander Willén
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16588
The Impact of Right-to-Work Laws on Long Hours and Work Schedules
Rania Gihleb, Osea Giuntella, Jian Qi Tan
published in: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2024, 43 (3), 696-713
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16185
The Career Effects of Union Membership
Samuel Dodini, Kjell G. Salvanes, Alexander Willén, Li Zhu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15898
On the Emergence of Cooperative Industrial and Labor Relations
Gabriele Cardullo, Maurizio Conti, Andrea Ricci, Sergio Scicchitano, Giovanni Sulis
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2024, 62 (3), 568 - 590
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15893
Unions as Insurance: Employer–Worker Risk Sharing and Workers' Outcomes during COVID-19
Nils Braakmann, Boris Hirsch
published in: Industrial Relations, 2024, 63 (2), 152-171
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15635
The Dynamics of Power in Labor Markets: Monopolistic Unions versus Monopsonistic Employers
Samuel Dodini, Kjell G. Salvanes, Alexander Willén
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15632
Technical Change, Task Allocation, and Labor Unions
Martyna Marczak, Thomas Beissinger, Franziska Brall
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15552
Collective Bargaining for Women: How Unions Can Create Female-Friendly Jobs
Viola Corradini, Lorenzo Lagos, Garima Sharma
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15500
The German Model of Industrial Relations: Balancing Flexibility and Collective Action
Simon Jäger, Shakked Noy, Benjamin Schoefer
published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2022, 36 (4), 53 - 80
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15293
Monopsony Makes Firms Not Only Small but Also Unproductive: Why East Germany Has Not Converged
Rüdiger Bachmann, Christian Bayer, Heiko Stüber, Felix Wellschmied
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15080
Robots and Unions: The Moderating Effect of Organised Labour on Technological Unemployment
Henri Haapanala, Ive Marx, Zachary Parolin
published in: Economic and Industrial Democracy, 2023, 44 (3), 827-852
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15079
Differential Patterns between Private and Public Sector Wages in Spain
Alba Couceiro de León, Juan J. Dolado
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15008
Worker Representation
Alex Bryson, John Forth
published in: T. Eriksson (ed.), Elgar Encyclopedia of Labour Studies , Edward Elgar, 2023, 237–241
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14849
Labor Unions and the Electoral Consequences of Trade Liberalization
Pedro Molina Ogeda, Emanuel Ornelas, Rodrigo R. Soares
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2025, 23 (1), 236-280
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14465
What Does Codetermination Do?
Simon Jäger, Shakked Noy, Benjamin Schoefer
published in: ILR Review, 2022, 75 (4), 857-890.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14283
Wage Flexibility under Sectoral Bargaining
David Card, Ana Rute Cardoso
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2022, 20 (5), 2062 - 2097
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14208
Collective Bargaining Rights, Policing, and Civilian Deaths
Jamein Cunningham, Donn. L. Feir, Rob Gillezeau
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14102
Are Unions Detrimental to Innovation? Theory and Evidence
Fabio Berton, Stefano Dughera, Andrea Ricci
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13799
Robots and Worker Voice: An Empirical Exploration
Filippo Belloc, Gabriel Burdin, Fabio Landini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13747
Do Public Subsidies of Union Membership Increase Union Membership Rates?
Erling Barth, Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2025, 229, 106855
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13551
H. Gregg Lewis: Perhaps the Father of Modern Labor Economics
Daniel S. Hamermesh
published in: Robert A. Cord (ed.), The Palgrave Companion to Chicago Economics, Vol. II, Palgrave Macmillan, 2024, 574-594,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13465
Union Membership and Collective Bargaining: Trends and Determinants
Claus Schnabel
published in: K. F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, Cham, 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13175
Wage Differentials, Bargaining Protocols, and Trade Unionism in Mid-Twentieth Century American Labor Markets
John H. Pencavel
published in: ILR Review, 2022, 75 (1), 139 - 167.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13015
Unions, Tripartite Competition and Innovation
Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
published in: Research in Labor Economics, 2021, 49, 41-65
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12809
Productivity Dynamics: The Role of Competition in a Service Industry
Thomas Breda, Alex Bryson, John Forth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12546
Creative Destruction, Social Security Uptake and Union Networks
Harald Dale-Olsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12515
Unions and Firms' Investments: A Unified View
Fabio Berton, Stefano Dughera, Andrea Ricci
published as 'A simple model of holdup, union voice, and firm investments' in: S.W. Polachek, K. Tatsiramos, G. Russo and G. van Houten (eds.): Workplace productivity and management practices (Research in Labor Economics, 49), 2021, 67 - 84
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12258
Disability and the Unionized Workplace
Mason Ameri, Mohammad Ali, Lisa Schur, Douglas L. Kruse
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12093
Wage Flexibility in a Unionized Economy with Stable Wage Dispersion
Mikael Carlsson, Iida Häkkinen Skans, Oskar Nordström Skans
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12089
Labor-Market Concentration and Labor Compensation
Yue Qiu, Aaron Sojourner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12008
Unions, Two-Tier Bargaining and Physical Capital Investment: Theory and Firm-Level Evidence from Italy
Gabriele Cardullo, Maurizio Conti, Giovanni Sulis
revised version published as 'A Model of Unions, Two-Tier Bargaining and Capital Investment' in: Labour Economics, 2020, 67, 101936
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11964
Unions and Wage Inequality: The Roles of Gender, Skill and Public Sector Employment
David Card, Thomas Lemieux, W. Craig Riddell
published in: Canadian Journal of Economics, 2020, 53 (1), 140 - 173
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11894
Wages, Creative Destruction, and Union Networks
Harald Dale-Olsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11860
The
Michael Barry, Alex Bryson, Rafael Gomez, Bruce E. Kaufman, Guenther Lomas, Adrian Wilkinson
published in: Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership, 2019, 2 (1), 60-90
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11617
Where Does Profit Sharing Work Best? A Meta-Analysis on the Role of Unions, Culture, and Values
Chris Doucouliagos, Patrice Laroche, Douglas L. Kruse, T. D. Stanley
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11615
State Substitution for the Trade Union Good: The Case of Paid Holiday Entitlements
John Forth, Alex Bryson
published in: Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership, 2019, 2 (1), 5 - 23
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