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The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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93 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18072
Unbiased and Accurate: Measuring Sensitive Outcomes Through Ballot-Bag Surveys
Bruno Crépon, Ahmed Elsayed, Jules Gazeaud
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18029
Measuring the Unmeasurable? Systematic Evidence on Scale Transformations in Subjective Survey Data
Caspar F. Kaiser, Anthony Lepinteur
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17960
Do Better Journals Publish Better Estimates?
David Slichter, Nhan Tran
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17744
The Sources of Researcher Variation in Economics
Nick Huntington-Klein, Claus C. Portner, Sebastian Gallegos, et al.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17490
The Hidden Value of Adult Informal Care in Europe
Joan Costa-Font, Cristina Vilaplana-Prieto
published in: Health Economics, 2025, 34 (4), 791-812
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17362
The Effectiveness of Teamwork for Student Academic Outcomes: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Ritwik Banerjee, Niels-Hugo Blunch, Daniele Cassese, Nabanita Datta Gupta, Paolo Pin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17241
The Productivity Impact of Global Warming: Firm-Level Evidence for Europe
Nicola Gagliardi, Elena Grinza, François Rycx
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16694
When Randomization Is Not Feasible: The Case of Parenting Skills Programs
Daniela Del Boca, Chiara D. Pronzato, Lucia Schiavon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16694
When Randomization Is Not Feasible: The Case of Parenting Skills Programs
Daniela Del Boca, Chiara D. Pronzato, Lucia Schiavon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16628
Gender Gaps in Financial Literacy: A Multi-Arm RCT to Break the Response Bias in Surveys
Laura Hospido, Nagore Iriberri, Margarita Machelett
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16188
Oaxaca-Blinder Meets Kitagawa: What Is the Link?
Ronald L. Oaxaca, Eva Sierminska
published in: PLoS One, 2025, 20 (5), e0321874.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16121
A Theory of Non-Coasean Labor Markets
Andrés Blanco, Andres Drenik, Christian Moser, Emilio Zaratiegui
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15284
Accounting for Firms in Ethnicity Wage Gaps throughout the Earnings Distribution
Van Phan, Carl Singleton, Alex Bryson, John Forth, Felix Ritchie, Lucy Stokes, Damian Whittard
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15263
Automated Chat Application Surveys Using Whatsapp: Evidence from Panel Surveys and a Mode Experiment
Jennifer Fei, Jessica Sadye Wolff, Michael Hotard, Hannah Ingham, Saurabh Khanna, Duncan Lawrence, Beza Tesfaye, Jeremy Weinstein, Vasil Yasenov, Jens Hainmueller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14995
What Leads to Measurement Errors? Evidence from Reports of Program Participation in Three Surveys
Pablo Celhay, Bruce D. Meyer, Nikolas Mittag
published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2024, 238 (2), 105581
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14923
Visual Inference and Graphical Representation in Regression Discontinuity Designs
Christina Korting, Carl Lieberman, Jordan Matsudaira, Zhuan Pei, Yi Shen
published in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2023, 138 (3), 1977–2019,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14432
Can You Teach an Old Dog New Tricks? New Evidence on the Impact of Tenure on Productivity
Nicola Gagliardi, Elena Grinza, François Rycx
published as 'Workers' Tenure and Firm Productivity: New Evidence from Matched Employer-employee Data' in: Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 2023, 62 (1), 3-33
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13813
Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: It Is Not Who You Teach, but How You Teach
George Orlov, Douglas McKee, James Berry, Austin Boyle, Thomas J. DiCiccio, Tyler Ransom, Alex Rees-Jones, Joerg Stoye
published in: Economics Letters, 2021, 202, 109812
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13653
Measuring Gender Attitudes Using List Experiments
Niaz Asadullah, Elisabetta De Cao, Fathema Zhura Khatoon, Zahra Siddique
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2021, 34: 367-400
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13551
H. Gregg Lewis: Perhaps the Father of Modern Labor Economics
Daniel S. Hamermesh
published in: Robert A. Cord (ed.), The Palgrave Companion to Chicago Economics, Vol. II, Palgrave Macmillan, 2024, 574-594,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13372
Evidence for a Two-Women Quota in University Departments across Disciplines
Lena Janys
published as 'Testing the Presence of Implicit Hiring Quotas with Application to German Universities' in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2024, 106 (3), 627–637
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13290
A Unifying Approach to Measuring Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation
Antonio M. Bento, Noah Miller, Mehreen Mookerjee, Edson Severnini
published in: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2023, 121, 102843
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13044
Long-Term Evolution of Inequality of Opportunity
Maurizio Bussolo, Daniele Checchi, Vito Peragine
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2023, 21, 277 - 323
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12922
Policy Evaluation Using Causal Inference Methods
Denis Fougère, Nicolas Jacquemet
published in: Nigar Hashimzade and Michael A. Thornton (eds.), Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Empirical Microeconomics, Cheltenham Glos: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12845
The Romano-Wolf Multiple Hypothesis Correction in Stata
Damian Clarke, Joseph P. Romano, Michael Wolf
published in: Stata Journal, 2020, 13 (4), 812-843
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12395
Do Measures of Risk Attitude in the Laboratory Predict Behavior under Risk in and outside of the Laboratory?
Gary Charness, Thomas Garcia, Theo Offerman, Marie Claire Villeval
revised version published in: Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 2020, 60, 99-123
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12041
Average Gaps and Oaxaca's Blinder Decompositions: A Cautionary Tale about Regression Estimates of Racial Differences in Labor Market Outcomes
Tymon Sloczynski
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2020, 73 3), 705–729
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12013
Wage Differentials by Bargaining Regime in Spain (2002-2014): An Analysis Using Matched Employer-Employee Data
Raul Ramos, Esteban Sanromá, Hipólito Simón
published in: Journal of Policy Modeling, 2022, 44 (2), 375-395
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11959
International Migration and the Distribution of Income in New Zealand Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan Areas
Omoniyi Alimi, David C. Maré, Jacques Poot
published in: New Zealand Economic Papers, 2022, 56 (3), 272-295
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11797
Quasi-Experimental Methods in Environmental Economics: Opportunities and Challenges
Olivier Deschenes, Kyle C. Meng
published in: Handbook of Environmental Economics, 2018, Volume 4, 285-332
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11796
Methods Matter: P-Hacking and Causal Inference in Economics
Abel Brodeur, Nikolai Cook, Anthony Heyes
published as 'Methods Matter: P-Hacking and Publication Bias in Causal Analysis in Economics' in: American Economic Review, 2020, 110 (11), 3634-3660
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11543
The Impact of Sickness Absenteeism on Productivity: New Evidence from Belgian Matched Panel Data
Elena Grinza, François Rycx
published in: Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 2020, 59 (1), 150-194
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11122
Revisiting Interregional Wage Differentials: New Evidence from Spain with Matched Employer-Employee Data
Inés P. Murillo Huertas, Raul Ramos, Hipólito Simón
published in: Journal of Regional Science, 2020, 60 (2), 296-347
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10918
Social Insurance and Health
Nicolas R. Ziebarth
short version published as 'Social Insurance and Health' in: Baltagi, B. H. and Moscone, F. (eds.), Health Econometrics, Emerald Publishing, 1st ed., 2018.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10918
Social Insurance and Health
Nicolas R. Ziebarth
short version published as 'Social Insurance and Health' in: Baltagi, B. H. and Moscone, F. (eds.), Health Econometrics, Emerald Publishing, 1st ed., 2018.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10432
The Effect of One Laptop per Child on Teachers' Pedagogical Practices and Students' Use of Time at Home
Gustavo Yamada, Pablo Lavado, Guadalupe Montenegro
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9864
Federal Minimum Wage Hikes Do Reduce Teenage Employment: The Time Series Effects of Minimum Wages in the US Revisited
Stephen Bazen, Velayoudom Marimoutou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9857
Procedures for Eliciting Time Preferences
David Freeman, Paola Manzini, Marco Mariotti, Luigi Mittone
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organisation, 2016, 126 (Part A), 235–242
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9820
Estimating the Size of the Shadow Economy: Methods, Problems and Open Questions
Friedrich Schneider, Andreas Buehn
published as 'Shadow Economy: Estimation Methods, Problems, Results and Open questions' in: Open Economics, 2018, 1, 1-29
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9820
Estimating the Size of the Shadow Economy: Methods, Problems and Open Questions
Friedrich Schneider, Andreas Buehn
published as 'Shadow Economy: Estimation Methods, Problems, Results and Open questions' in: Open Economics, 2018, 1, 1-29
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9765
Eliciting Risk Preferences: Firefighting in the Field
Utteeyo Dasgupta, Subha Mani, Smriti Sharma, Saurabh Singhal
published as 'Internal and external validity: Comparing two simple risk elicitation tasks' in: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 2019, 81, 39 - 46
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9463
The Impact of Part-Time Work on Firm Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from Italy
Francesco Devicienti, Elena Grinza, Davide Vannoni
published in: Industrial and Corporate Change, 2018, 27 (2), 321 - 347
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9438
The Use and Impact of Job Search Procedures by Migrant Workers in China
Tony Fang, Morley Gunderson, Carl Lin
published in: China Economic Review, 2016, 37(0), 154-165
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9376
Secondary Childcare in the ATUS: What Does It Measure?
Jay Stewart, Mary Dorinda Allard
published in: C. Kalenkoski and G. Foster (eds.): The Economics of Multitasking, New York, 2015, 145-171
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9036
Average Wage Gaps and Oaxaca–Blinder Decompositions
Tymon Sloczynski
superseded by IZA Discussion Paper No. 12041
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8939
Virtually No Effect? Different Uses of Classroom Computers and their Effect on Student Achievement
Oliver Falck, Constantin Mang, Ludger Woessmann
published in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2018, 80 (1), 1-38
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8724
Share Capitalism and Worker Wellbeing
Alex Bryson, Andrew E. Clark, Richard B. Freeman, Colin P. Green
published in: Labour Economics, 2016, 42, 151-158
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8705
Field Experiments in Strategy Research
Aaron K. Chatterji, Michael Findley, Nathan M. Jensen, Stephan Meier, Daniel Nielson
published in: Strategic Management Journal, 2016, 37 (1), 116–132,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8681
Immigration and Economic Growth in the OECD Countries, 1986-2006
Ekrame Boubtane, Jean-Christophe Dumont, Christophe Rault
published in: Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, 2016, 68 (2), 340 - 360
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8662
Mapping 'Information Economy' Businesses with Big Data: Findings for the UK
Max Nathan, Anna Rosso, Francois Bouet
published in: Research Policy, 2015, 44 (9), 1714 - 1733
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8286
Screening for Honesty
Bradley Ruffle, Yossef Tobol
substantially revised version available as IZA DP No. 9860
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8278
The Shadow Economy and Shadow Labor Force: A Survey of Recent Developments
Friedrich Schneider
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8278
The Shadow Economy and Shadow Labor Force: A Survey of Recent Developments
Friedrich Schneider
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8178
Entropy Methods for Identifying Hedonic Models
Arnaud Dupuy, Alfred Galichon, Marc Henry
published in: Mathematics and Financial Economics, 2014, 8 (4), 405-416
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8158
Public-Private Sector Wage Differentials by Type of Contract: Evidence from Spain
Raul Ramos, Esteban Sanromá, Hipólito Simón
published in: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics, 2014, 208 (1), 107-141
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8082
The Power of Hydroelectric Dams: Agglomeration Spillovers
Edson Severnini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8049
Matching Methods in Practice: Three Examples
Guido W. Imbens
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2015, 50 (2), 373 - 419
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8049
Matching Methods in Practice: Three Examples
Guido W. Imbens
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2015, 50 (2), 373 - 419
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8028
Decomposition of Differences in PISA Results in Middle Income Countries
Sandra Nieto, Raul Ramos
published in: Prospects, 2015, 45(3), 325-343
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7768
After-School Care and Parents' Labor Supply
Christina Felfe, Michael Lechner, Petra Thiemann
revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2016, 42, 62-75
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7315
Population Average Gender Effects
Tymon Sloczynski
superseded by IZA Discussion Paper No. 9036
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7154
Framing Effects in an Employee Savings Scheme: A Non-Parametric Analysis
Peter Kooreman, Bertrand Melenberg, Henriëtte M. Prast, Nathanaël Vellekoop
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7153
The Drivers of Happiness Inequality: Suggestions for Promoting Social Cohesion
Leonardo Becchetti, Riccardo Massari, Paolo Naticchioni
published in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2014, 66(2), 419-442
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7024
How Should Peer-Review Panels Behave?
Daniel Sgroi, Andrew J. Oswald
published in: Economic Journal, 2013, 123 (570), 255-278
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7017
One Man's Blessing, Another Woman's Curse? Family Factors and the Gender-Earnings Gap of Doctors
Stefanie Schurer, Daniel Kühnle, Anthony Scott, Terence Chai Cheng
published in: Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 2016, 55(3), 385-414
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6724
The Timing of Earnings Sampling over the Life-Cycle and IV Identification of the Return to Schooling
Christian Belzil, Jörgen Hansen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6515
Decomposing the Rural-Urban Differential in Student Achievement in Colombia Using PISA Microdata
Raul Ramos, Juan Carlos Duque, Sandra Nieto
published in: Estudios de Economía Aplicada, 2016, 34 (2), 379-412.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6397
Decomposing the Composition Effect
Christoph Rothe
published as 'Decomposing the Composition Effect: The Role of Covariates in Determining Between-Group Differences in Economic Outcomes' in: Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 2015, 33 (3), 323-337
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6378
The Pitfalls of Work Requirements in Welfare-to-Work Policies: Experimental Evidence on Human Capital Accumulation in the Self-Sufficiency Project
Chris Riddell, W. Craig Riddell
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2014, 117, 39-49
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6339
Characterizing the Instrumental Variable Identifying Assumption as Sample Selection Conditions
Christian Belzil, Jörgen Hansen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5783
Coverage of Infertility Treatment and Fertility Outcomes: Do Women Catch Up?
Matilde P. Machado, Anna Sanz-de-Galdeano
published in: SERIEs - Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, 2015, 6 (4), 407-439.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5683
Europe Agreements and Trade Balance: Evidence form Four New EU Members
Guglielmo Maria Caporale, Christophe Rault, Robert Sova, Anamaria Sova
published in: Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 2012, 21 (6), 839-863
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5328
Empirical Methods in the Economics of International Immigration
Fernando A. Lozano, Michael D. Steinberger
published in: Carlos Vargas-Silva et al. (eds.) Handbook on Research Methods on Migration, Edward Elgar, 2012
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5306
How to Think About Time-Use Data: What Inferences Can We Make About Long- and Short-Run Time Use from Time Diaries?
Harley Frazis, Jay Stewart
published in: Annales d’Economie et Statistique, 2012, 105/106, 231-246
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4986
Concave-Monotone Treatment Response and Monotone Treatment Selection: With an Application to the Returns to Schooling
Tsunao Okumura, Emiko Usui
published in: Quantitative Economics, 2014, 5 (1), 175-194
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4835
The Distinction between Dictatorial and Incentive Policy Interventions and its Implication for IV Estimation
Christian Belzil, Jörgen Hansen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4253
How Does Retirement Affect Health?
Stefanie Behncke
published as 'Does retirement trigger ill health?' in: Health Economics, 2012, 21 (3), 282 - 300
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3800
Alternative Approaches to Evaluation in Empirical Microeconomics
Richard Blundell, Monica Costa Dias
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2009, 44 (3), 565-640
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3782
On the Bilateral Trade Effects of Free Trade Agreements between the EU-15 and the CEEC-4 Countries
Guglielmo Maria Caporale, Christophe Rault, Anamaria Sova, Robert Sova
published in: Review of World Economics, 2009, 145 (2), 189-206
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3645
Management Economics in a Large Retail Organization
W. Stanley Siebert, Nick Zubanov
published in: Management Science, 2011, 56(8), 1398-1414
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3517
Belief Elicitation in Experiments: Is there a Hedging Problem?
Mariana Blanco, Dirk Engelmann, Alexander K. Koch, Hans-Theo Normann
published in: Experimental Economics, 2010, 13 (4), 412-438.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3426
Evolution of Capital Structure in East Asia: Corporate Inertia or Endeavours?
Nigel Driffield, Sarmistha Pal
published in: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (Statistics in Society), 2010, 173 (1), 1- 29
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3149
Unemployed and Their Caseworkers: Should They Be Friends or Foes?
Stefanie Behncke, Markus Frölich, Michael Lechner
published in: Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Series A (Statistics in Society), 2010, 173 (1), 67-92
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2614
Empirical Modeling of Deprivation Contagion among Social Exclusion Dimensions (Using MCMC Methods)
Ambra Poggi, Xavier Ramos
published in: Jacques Silber (ed.), The Measurement of Individual Well-Being and Group Inequalities: Essays in Memory of Z.M. Berrebi, Routledge, 2010
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2315
Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: What Do We Really Know?
Friedrich Schneider
published in: Economies: The Open-Access, Open-Assesment E-Journal, 2007, 1
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2202
Does the Quality of Training Programs Matter? Evidence from Bidding Processes Data
Alberto Chong, Jose C. Galdo
updated version published in: Labour Economics, 2012, 19 (6), 970-986
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2142
Who Pays for Performance?
Erling Barth, Bernt Bratsberg, Torbjørn Haegeland, Oddbjørn Raaum
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2008, 20 (1), 8-29
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1521
Interfirm Mobility, Wages, and the Returns to Seniority and Experience in the U.S.
Moshe Buchinsky, Denis Fougère, Francis Kramarz, Rusty Tchernis
published in: Review of Economic Studies, 2010, 77 (3), 972-1001
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1425
Gender Differences Across the Earnings Distribution: Evidence from NLS:86 & HSB:92
Spyros Konstantopoulos, Amelie F. Constant
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1177
The Exhaustion of Unemployment Benefits in Belgium: Does it Enhance the Probability of Employment?
Bart Cockx, Jean Ries
IZA Discussion Paper No. 843
Simulation and Estimation of Hedonic Models
James J. Heckman, Rosa Matzkin, Lars Nesheim
published in: T. Kehoe, T.N. Srinivasan, and J. Whalley (eds.)- Frontiers in Applied General Equilibrium, Cambridge, 2005, 277 - 340
IZA Discussion Paper No. 837
What You Always Wanted to Know About Censoring But Never Dared to Ask – Parameter Estimation for Censored Random Vectors
Wendelin Schnedler
published in: Econometric Reviews, 2005, 24 (2), 195-217
IZA Discussion Paper No. 141
The Effects of Public Sector Sponsored Training on Individual Employment Performance in East Germany
Reinhard Hujer, Marc Wellner
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