The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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1,375 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17860
The Gender Gap in Career Trajectories: Do Firms Matter?
David Card, Francesco Devicienti, Mariacristina Rossi, Andrea Weber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17857
Protection for Whom? The Political Economy of Protective Labor Laws for Women
Matthias Doepke, Hanno Foerster, Anne Hannusch, Michèle Tertilt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17850
Balancing Work and Care: How Workplace Factors Can Mitigate the Gendered Impacts of Caregiving
Peyman Firouzi Naeim, David W. Johnston, Maryam Naghsh Nejad
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17845
How Do Firms Respond to Parental Leave Absences?
Anne Ardila Brenøe, Ursa Krenk, Andreas Steinhauer, Josef Zweimüller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17842
The Landscape of Self-Employment in India: Trends, Constraints and Policy Prescriptions
Farzana Afridi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17840
Gender Norms, Stereotypical Beliefs, and Competitiveness
Alexander K. Koch, Julia Nafziger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17837
Gender Gaps in Early Childhood Development in Latin America and the Caribbean
Samuel Berlinski, Anna Sanz-de-Galdeano, Alba Sóñora-Noya
published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2025, 57, 101472
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17833
Bequest Division: The Roles of Parental Motives and Children’s Gender Composition
Warn N. Lekfuangfu, Javier Olivera, Philippe Van Kerm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17817
The Daughter Penalty
Damian Clarke, Sonia R. Bhalotra, Angelina Nazarova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17817
The Daughter Penalty
Damian Clarke, Sonia R. Bhalotra, Angelina Nazarova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17813
How Tinted Are Your Glasses? Gender Views, Beliefs and Recommendations in Hiring
Anna Hochleitner, Fabio Tufano, Giovanni Facchini, Valeria Rueda, Markus Eberhardt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17807
Gender, Perceived Discrimination and the Overruling of Roe v. Wade
Núria Rodríguez-Planas, Alan Secor
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17801
Female Representation and Talent Allocation in Entrepreneurship: The Role of Early Exposure to Entrepreneurs
Mikkel Mertz, Maddalena Ronchi, Viola Salvestrini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17800
Planning for Family Succession
Ciprian Domnisoru, Robert A. Miller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17767
Global Evidence on Gender Gaps and Child Poverty in Consumption
Ulugbek Aminjonov, Olivier B. Bargain, Maira Colacce
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17750
Preferences for Gender Diversity in High-Profile Jobs
Celina Högn, Lea Mayer, Johannes Rincke, Erwin Winkler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17750
Preferences for Gender Diversity in High-Profile Jobs
Celina Högn, Lea Mayer, Johannes Rincke, Erwin Winkler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17733
Top-Performing Girls Are More Impactful Peer Role Models than Boys, Teachers Say
Sofoklis Goulas, Rigissa Megalokonomou, Panagiotis Sotirakopoulos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17694
Estimating the Effect of Working from Home on Parents' Division of Childcare and Housework: A New Panel IV Approach
Simone Schüller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17687
Revisiting the Dunning-Kruger Effect: Composite Measures and Heterogeneity by Gender
Anna Adamecz, Radina Ilieva, Nikki Shure
published in: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 2025, 116, 102362
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17674
The Long-Term Effects of Teachers' Gender Stereotypes on Labor Outcomes
Joan Jennifer Martinez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17674
The Long-Term Effects of Teachers' Gender Stereotypes on Labor Outcomes
Joan Jennifer Martinez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17673
Unpacking the Child Penalty Using Personnel Data: How Promotion Practices Widen the Gender Pay Gap
Yoko Okuyama, Takeshi Murooka, Shintaro Yamaguchi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17666
Behind the Screen: Gender Differences in the Creator Economy
Francesca Gioia, Leo Morabito
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17653
Families’ Career Investments and Firms’ Promotion Decisions
Frederik Almar, Benjamin Friedrich, Ana Reynoso, Bastian Schulz, Rune Majlund Vejlin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17649
The Delayed Acceptance of Female Research in Economics
Stephan B. Bruns, Anthony Doucouliagos, Chris Doucouliagos, Johannes König, T. D. Stanley, Katarina Zigova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17634
Homebound Happiness? Teleworkability of Jobs and Emotional Well-Being During Labor and Non-labor Activities
Juliane Hennecke, Andreas Knabe
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17632
Gender Bias in Student Evaluations of Teaching: Do Debiasing Campaigns Work?
Sara Ayllón, Camila Zamora
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17632
Gender Bias in Student Evaluations of Teaching: Do Debiasing Campaigns Work?
Sara Ayllón, Camila Zamora
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17630
The Gendered Impact of Social Norms on Financial Access and Capital Misallocation
Arti Grover, Mariana Viollaz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17624
Can Paternity Leave Reduce the Gender Earnings Gap?
Yaya Diallo, Fabian Lange, Laetitia Renée
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17621
One Cohort at a Time: A New Perspective on the Declining Gender Pay Gap
Jaime Arellano-Bover, Nicola Bianchi, Salvatore Lattanzio, Matteo Paradisi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17602
Gender and Top Lifetime Earnings Inequality: Ten New Facts from Brazil
Tomás R. Martinez, Antonio Martins-Neto, Ursula Mello
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17601
When Mothers Out-Earn Fathers: Effects on Fathers' Decisions to Take Paternity and Parental Leave
Paola Biasi, Maria De Paola, Francesca Gioia
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17588
Couples' Remote Work Arrangements and Labor Supply
Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia, Victoria Vernon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17584
Inequality in the Economics Profession
Karan Singhal, Eva Sierminska
forthcoming in: Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, Cham.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17583
The Impact of Overtime Limits on Firms and Workers: Evidence from Japan's Work Style Reform
Gabriel Burdin, Ryo Kambayashi, Takao Kato
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17564
Gender Identity and Economic Decision Making
Anne Ardila Brenøe, Zeynep Eyibak, Lea Heursen, Eva Ranehill, Roberto A. Weber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17564
Gender Identity and Economic Decision Making
Anne Ardila Brenøe, Zeynep Eyibak, Lea Heursen, Eva Ranehill, Roberto A. Weber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17558
Gender Inequality in the Labor Market: Continuing Progress?
Francine D. Blau
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17558
Gender Inequality in the Labor Market: Continuing Progress?
Francine D. Blau
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17543
The Causal Impact of Gender Norms on Mothers' Employment Attitudes and Expectations
Henning Hermes, Marina Krauß, Philipp Lergetporer, Frauke Peter, Simon Wiederhold
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17543
The Causal Impact of Gender Norms on Mothers' Employment Attitudes and Expectations
Henning Hermes, Marina Krauß, Philipp Lergetporer, Frauke Peter, Simon Wiederhold
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17537
Are Women Blamed More for Giving Incorrect Financial Advice?
Martin Abel, Emma Bomfim, Izzy Cisneros, Jackson Coyle, Song Eraou, Martha Gebeyehu, Gerardo Hernandez, Julian Juantorena, Lizzy Kaplan, Danielle Marquez, Jack Mullen, Peyton Mulhern, Ayana Opong-Nyantekyi, Rin Osathanugrah, Joe Paul, Austin Philie, Luke Tingley, Jingyi Wang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17530
Pensions and Depression: Gender-Disaggregated Evidence from the Elderly Poor in India
Amanda Guimbeau, Nidhiya Menon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17505
Twenty-Five Hours in a Day: On Job Flexibility and the Intrahousehold Allocation of Time and Money
Iris Kesternich, Frederic Vermeulen, Alexander Wintzéus
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17482
Psychology of Debt in Rural South India
Arnaud Natal, Christophe Jalil Nordman
published online in: Journal of Development Studies, 2 February 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17480
Designing Gender Equity: Evidence from Hiring Practices
Tatiana Mocanu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17451
Parental Leave and Discrimination in the Labor Market
Julia Schmieder, Doris Weichselbaumer, Clara Welteke, Katharina Wrohlich
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17437
The Reversal of the Gender Gap in Education: Exploring its Consequences for Partnering, Employment and Voting Behaviour
Martin Nordin, Maria Stanfors
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17420
Matching on Gender and Sexual Orientation
Edoardo Ciscato, Marion Goussé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17408
Incorporating Changes in Race, Gender, and Academic Field at Colleges and Universities - A Comment on 'The Ebbing Tide: How Will Higher Education Adapt to Demographic Change?'
Francisca M. Antman
forthcoming in: John Y. Campbell and Kaye Husbands Fealing (eds.), Financing Institutions of Higher Education, University of Chicago Press for NBER.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17407
The Role of Social Mobility Experience in Zero-Sum Beliefs
Kelly J. Liu, Alois Stutzer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17405
Do Women Pay for Working from Home? Exploring Gender Gaps in Pay and Wellbeing by Work Location in the UK Cohort Studies
Bożena Wielgoszewska, Alex Bryson, Heather Joshi, David Wilkinson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17401
Do Women on Boards Matter? Network and Spillover Effects on Gender Gaps within Firms
Emma von Essen, Nina Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17381
The Rules of the Game: Local Wage Bargaining and the Gender Pay Gap
Maria Olsson, Oskar Nordström Skans
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17380
Educational Hypogamy Is Associated with a Smaller Child Penalty on Women's Earnings
Nadia Steiber, Lara Lebedinski, Bernd Liedl, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17379
Child Penalties in Labour Market Skills
Jonas Jessen, Lavinia Kinne, Michele Battisti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17377
Nonbinary Gender Identities and Earnings: Evidence from a National Census
Christopher S. Carpenter, Donn. L. Feir, Krishna Pendakur, Casey Warman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17377
Nonbinary Gender Identities and Earnings: Evidence from a National Census
Christopher S. Carpenter, Donn. L. Feir, Krishna Pendakur, Casey Warman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17376
Do Americans Favor Female or Male Politicians? Evidence from Experimental Elections
Panu Poutvaara, Andreas Graefe
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17376
Do Americans Favor Female or Male Politicians? Evidence from Experimental Elections
Panu Poutvaara, Andreas Graefe
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17375
Hard Times, Hard Attitudes? The Effect of Economic Downturns on Gender Norms
Inés Berniell, Leonardo Gasparini, Mariana Marchionni, Mariana Viollaz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17375
Hard Times, Hard Attitudes? The Effect of Economic Downturns on Gender Norms
Inés Berniell, Leonardo Gasparini, Mariana Marchionni, Mariana Viollaz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17371
School Closures and Parental Labor Supply: Differential Effects of Anticipated and Unanticipated Closures
Sofia Schroeter, Rafael Lalive, Kalaivani Karunanethy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17370
Dividing Housework between Partners: Individual Preferences and Social Norms
Danilo Cavapozzi, Marco Francesconi, Cheti Nicoletti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17370
Dividing Housework between Partners: Individual Preferences and Social Norms
Danilo Cavapozzi, Marco Francesconi, Cheti Nicoletti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17354
Spousal Labor Supply: Decoupling Gender Norms and Earning Status
Elliott Isaac
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17334
The Motherhood Penalty: Gender Norms, Occupational Sorting, and Labor Supply
Césarine Boinet, Jonathan Norris, Agnese Romiti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17333
The Effects of Board Gender Quotas: A Meta-Analysis
Costanza De Acutis, Andrea Weber, Elisabeth Wurm
published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 91, 102634
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17330
Who Benefits from Single-Sex Schooling? Evidence on Mental Health, Peer Relationships, and Academic Achievements
Dain Jung, Jun Hyung Kim, Do Won Kwak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17324
Wealth Creators or Inheritors? Unpacking the Gender Wealth Gap from Bottom to Top and Young to Old
Charlotte Bartels, Eva Sierminska, Carsten Schröder
published in: Economics Letters, 2025, 246, 111997
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17324
Wealth Creators or Inheritors? Unpacking the Gender Wealth Gap from Bottom to Top and Young to Old
Charlotte Bartels, Eva Sierminska, Carsten Schröder
published in: Economics Letters, 2025, 246, 111997
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17318
Women's Sexual Orientation and Occupational Tasks: Partners, Prejudice, and Motherhood
Raquel Carrasco, Ana Nuevo-Chiquero
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17309
Child Penalties and Parental Role Models: Classroom Exposure Effects
Henrik Jacobsen Kleven, Giulia Olivero, Eleonora Patacchini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17295
50 Years of Breakthroughs and Barriers: Women in Economics, Policy, and Leadership
Francine D. Blau, Lisa M. Lynch
published as 'Fifty Years of Breakthroughs and Barriers: Women in Economics, Policy, and Leadership' in: ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2024, 711 (1), 225-244
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17293
Unraveling the Gender Wage Gap: Exploring Early Career Patterns among University Graduates
Malte Sandner, Ipek Yükselen
published online in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2 November 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17288
Fetal Pollution Exposure, Cognitive Ability, and Gender-Specific Parental Investment
Xin Zhang, Yixuan Wang, Xingyi Hu, Xi Chen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17285
Unequal Hiring Wages and Their Impact on the Gender Pay Gap
Tho Pham, Daniel Schaefer, Carl Singleton
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17282
He Said, She Said: Who Gets Believed When Spreading (Mis)Information
Nuzaina Khan, David Rand, Olga Shurchkov
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17281
Aggregate Implications of Barriers to Female Entrepreneurship
Gaurav Chiplunkar, Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17271
Gender Role Models in Education
Sofoklis Goulas, Bhagya N. Gunawardena, Rigissa Megalokonomou, Yves Zenou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17267
Evaluating Yourself and Your Peers
Mingye Ma, Gerhard Riener, Youzong Xu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17261
The Impact of Role Models on Youths' Aspirations, Gender Attitudes and Education in Somalia
Elijah Kipchumba, Catherine Porter, Danila Serra, Munshi Sulaiman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17255
The Gender Wage Gap across Life: Effects of Genetic Predisposition Towards Higher Educational Attainment
Alex Bryson, Tim Morris, David Bann, David Wilkinson
forthcoming in: Economics and Human Biology
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17245
Measuring Bias in Job Recommender Systems: Auditing the Algorithms
Shuo Zhang, Peter J. Kuhn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17240
Gendered Language in Academic Evaluations: Evidence from the Italian University System
Matilde Casamonti, Natalia Zinovyeva
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17219
Closing the Gender Gap: Promoting Labour Market Participation
Jorgen M. Harris, Eleonora Patacchini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17219
Closing the Gender Gap: Promoting Labour Market Participation
Jorgen M. Harris, Eleonora Patacchini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17216
Beyond the Degree: Fertility Outcomes of 'First in Family' Graduates
Anna Adamecz, Anna Lovász, Suncica Vujic
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17210
Parental Leave: Economic Incentives and Cultural Change
James Albrecht, Per-Anders Edin, Raquel Fernández, Jiwon Lee, Peter Skogman Thoursie, Susan Vroman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17196
The Effect of Export Market Access on Labor Market Power: Firm-Level Evidence from Vietnam
Trang Hoang, Devashish Mitra, Hoang Pham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17170
The Long Run Gender Origins of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Australia's Convict History
Sefa Awaworyi Churchill, Simon Chang, Russell Smyth, Trong-Anh Trinh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17151
Gender Gaps in Time Use: Pan-European Evidence from School Closures during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Benjamin Elsner, Manvi Jindal, Massimiliano Mascherini, Sanna Nivakoski
forthcoming in: Economic and Social Review
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17134
Separate Housework Spheres
Jonas Jessen, Sebastian Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Felix Weinhardt, Jan Berkes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17127
Effects of Parental Death on Labor Market Outcomes and Gender Inequalities
Mathias Fjællegaard Jensen, Ning Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17126
The Labor Market Effects of Drug-Related Violence in a Transit Country
Andres Ham Gonzalez, Juanita Ruiz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17123
Beyond Borders: Do Gender Norms and Institutions Affect Female Businesses?
Holger Görg, Ina C. Jäkel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17122
Education, Gender, and Family Formation
Hanna Virtanen, Mikko Silliman, Tiina Kuuppelomäki, Kristiina Huttunen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17115
The #Metoo Movement and Judges' Gender Gap in Decisions
Xiqian Cai, Shuai Chen, Zhengquan Cheng
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