The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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140 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17934
The Inequality and Mobility of Exposure to European Soviet Communism
Joan Costa-Font, Anna Nicinska, Melcior Rossello Roig
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17661
Government Support in Times of Crisis: Transfers and the Road to Socialism
Felipe González, Mounu Prem
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17172
Natural Disasters and Acceptance of Intimate Partner Violence: The Global Evidence
Astghik Mavisakalyan, Vladimir Otrachshenko, Olga Popova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17115
The #Metoo Movement and Judges' Gender Gap in Decisions
Xiqian Cai, Shuai Chen, Zhengquan Cheng
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16779
Can Voluntary Adult Education Reduce Unemployment? Causal Evidence from East Germany after Reunification
Li Kathrin Kaja Rupieper, Stephan L. Thomsen
published in: Journal for Labour Market Research, 2025, 59, 2 (2025)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16558
How and Why the Gender Pension Gap in Urban China Decreased between 1988 and 2018
Björn Anders Gustafsson, Peng Zhang, Hanrui Jia
published in: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2025, 73 (2), 651–678
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16484
Does Economic Freedom Moderate Perceived Corruption for Firms in India?
Nabamita Dutta, Saibal Kar, Adam Stivers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16255
China's Urban Poor – Comparing Twice Poverty between Residents and Migrants in 2013 and 2018
Björn Anders Gustafsson, Ding Sai
published in: China Economic Review, 2023, 80, 102012
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16238
Maternity Benefits and Marital Stability after Birth: Evidence from the Soviet Baltic Republics
Elizabeth Brainerd, Olga Malkova
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2023, 36 (4), 2309-2345
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16026
Religion and Cooperation across the Globe
Felipe Valencia Caicedo, Thomas Dohmen, Andreas Pondorfer
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2023, 215, 479–489.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15922
Understanding the Distributional Impacts of Increases in Fuel Prices on Poverty and Inequality in Paraguay
Gustavo J. Canavire Bacarreza, Lyliana Gayoso de Ervin, Juan José Galeano, Juan Pablo Baquero
published in: Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Económico, 2023, 21 (39), 77 - 108
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15816
Children of Communism: The Former Party Membership and Demand for Redistribution
Alexander Libman, Olga Popova
revised version published in: Eastern European Economics, 2023, 61 (3), 199-237
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15569
The Anti-Corruption Campaign and the Inter-Generational Transmission of Working in Bureaucracy: Evidence from China
Shuai Chen, Erqi Ge
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15219
Incomplete Catching Up: Income among Manchurian, Yi and Han People in Rural China from 2002 to 2018
Björn Anders Gustafsson, Yudan Zhang
published in: China Quarterly, 2023, 253, 197 - 213.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14833
The COVID-19 Curtain: Can Past Communist Regimes Explain the Vaccination Divide in Europe?
Inés Berniell, Yarine Fawaz, Anne Laferrere, Pedro Mira, Elizaveta Pronkina
published in: Social Science & Medicine, 2023, 321, 115759
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14771
Comparing Receipt of Social Assistance in Urban and Rural China and the Role of Ethnicity
Björn Anders Gustafsson, Ding Sai
published in: China: An International Journal (CIJ), 2022, 20 (3), 122 - 139
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14712
Double-Edged Sword: Persistent Effects of Communism on Life Satisfaction
Vladimir Otrachshenko, Milena Nikolova, Olga Popova
revised version published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2023, 36(3), 1139–1185
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14535
Self-Employment in Rural China: Its Development, Characteristics, and Relation to Income
Björn Anders Gustafsson, Yudan Zhang
published in: China & World Economy, 2022, 30 (1), 136-165
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14531
The Rise of China's Global Middle Class in International Perspective
Terry Sicular, Xiuna Yang, Björn Anders Gustafsson
published in: China & World Economy, 2022, 30 (1), 5 - 27
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14458
Calling Baumol: What Telephones Can Tell Us about the Allocation of Entrepreneurial Talent in the Face of Radical Institutional Changes
Alina Sorgner, Michael Wyrwich
revised version published in: Journal of Business Venturing, 2022, 37(5), 106246
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14315
What Explains Vietnam's Exceptional Performance in Education Relative to Other Countries? Analysis of the 2012 and 2015 Pisa Data
Hai-Anh H Dang, Paul Glewwe, Khoa Vu, Jongwook Lee
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2023, 96, 102434.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14307
Sooner Rather Than Later: Social Networks and Technology Adoption
Shyamal Chowdhury, Varun Satish, Munshi Sulaiman, Yi Sun
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2022, 203, 466-482
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14093
Can Information Influence the Social Insurance Participation Decision of China's Rural Migrants?
John T. Giles, Xin Meng, Sen Xue, Guochang Zhao
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2021,150,102645.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13940
China's Great Boom as a Historical Process
Loren Brandt, Thomas G. Rawski
published in: In: Ma, D, and von Glahn, R. (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of China, Cambridge University Press, 2022, 775-828
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13936
Corruption and Mental Health: Evidence from Vietnam
Smriti Sharma, Saurabh Singhal, Finn Tarp
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2021, 185, 125-137
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13850
Comrades in the Family? Soviet Communism and Informal Family Insurance
Joan Costa-Font, Anna Nicinska
published in: Kyklos, 2023, 76 (4), 526-612
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13385
From Pink-Collar to Lab Coat: Cultural Persistence and Diffusion of Socialist Gender Norms
Naomi Friedman-Sokuler, Claudia Senik
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2025, 38, 11
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13171
Echo Effects of Early-Life Health Shocks: The Intergenerational Consequences of Prenatal Malnutrition during the Great Leap Forward Famine in China
Jinhu Li, Nidhiya Menon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13103
Political Networks across the Globe
Simon Commander, Stavros Poupakis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13032
The Separation and Reunification of Germany: Rethinking a Natural Experiment Interpretation of the Enduring Effects of Communism
Sascha O. Becker, Lukas Mergele, Ludger Woessmann
published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2020, 34 (2), 143-171
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12951
The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Firms' Product and Labor Market Power
Sabien Dobbelaere, Quint Wiersma
published in: Industrial and Corporate Change, 2025, 34 (1), 210 - 233
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12761
Former Communist Party Membership and Present-Day Entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern Europe
Artjoms Ivlevs, Milena Nikolova, Olga Popova
published in: Small Business Economics, 2021, 57 (4), 1783-1800
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12734
Reevaluating Distributional Consequences of the Transition to Market Economy in Poland: New Results from Combined Household Survey and Tax Return Data
Michał Brzeziński, Michal Myck, Mateusz Najsztub
revised version published as 'Sharing the gains of transition: evaluating changes in income inequality and redistribution in Poland using combined survey and tax return data' in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2022, 73, 102121
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12658
Transition from Plan to Market, Height and Well-Being
Alicia Adsera, Francesca Dalla Pozza, Sergei Guriev, Lukas Kleine-Rueschkamp, Elena Nikolova
published as 'Height and well-being during the transition from plan to market' in: Economic Policy, 2021, 36 (105), 77 - 120
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12345
Catching up with the West: Chinese Pathways to the Global Middle Class
Björn Anders Gustafsson, Xiuna Yang, Terry Sicular
published in: China Journal, 2020, 84, 102-127
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12222
Implications of the Polish 1999 Administrative Reform for Regional Socio-Economic Development
Michal Myck, Mateusz Najsztub
published in: Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, 2020, 28 (4), 559–579
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12220
Policy in the Pipeline: Identifying Regional Public Investment Priorities Using a Natural Experiment
Michal Myck, Mateusz Najsztub
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11594
Former Communist Party Membership and Bribery in the Post-Socialist Countries
Artjoms Ivlevs, Timothy Hinks
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2018, 46 (4), 1411-1422
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11532
Math, Girls and Socialism
Quentin Lippmann, Claudia Senik
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2018, 46 (3), 874-888.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11342
Shocked by Therapy? Unemployment in the First Years of the Socio-Economic Transition in Poland and its Long-Term Consequences
Michal Myck, Monika Oczkowska
published in: Economics of Transition, 2018, 26 (4), 695-724
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11250
Wage Inequality and Structural Change
Joanna Tyrowicz, Magdalena Smyk
published in Social Indicators Research, 2019, 141(2), 503-538
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10445
International Migration, Return Migration, and their Effects: A Comprehensive Review on the Romanian Case
Remus Gabriel Anghel, Alina Botezat, Anatolie Coșciug, Ioana Manafi, Monica Roman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10364
Gender Differences in Willingness to Compete: The Role of Culture and Institutions
Alison L. Booth, Elliott Fan, Xin Meng, Dandan Zhang
published in: Economic Journal, 2019, 129 (618), 734 - 764
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10277
Spatial Segregation and Socio-Economic Mobility in European Cities
Maarten van Ham, Tiit Tammaru, Elise de Vuijst, Merle Zwiers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10139
Informal Employment in China: Trends, Patterns and Determinants of Entry
Zhe Liang, Simon Appleton, Lina Song
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9713
The Economics of Healthy Ageing in China
Almas Heshmati
published as 'The Social and Economics of Healthy Ageing in China' in: World Health Design, 2016, 64-70
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9678
Long-Lasting Effects of Socialist Education
Nicola Fuchs-Schündeln, Paolo Masella
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9660
When Do Gender Wage Differences Emerge? A Study of Azerbaijan's Labor Market
Francesco Pastore, Sarosh Sattar, Nistha Sinha, Erwin R. Tiongson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9641
Leader Networks and Transaction Costs: A Chinese Experiment in Interjurisdictional Contracting
Nancy H. Chau, Yu Qin, Weiwen Zhang
published as 'Leader Networks and Interjurisdictional Contracting in Land Conversion Quotas' in: Land Economics, 2024, 100 (3), 568-587
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9540
Left Behind but Doing Good? Civic Engagement in Two Post-Socialist Countries
Milena Nikolova, Monica Roman, Klaus F. Zimmermann
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2017, 45 (3), 658 - 684
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