The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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73 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17900
The Green Path: FDI’s Influence on Asia’s Sustainable Economic Growth
Anh Le Ngoc, Almas Heshmati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17368
The Demand-Side Story: Structural Change and the Decline in Female Labour Force Participation in India
Ashwini Deshpande, Jitendra Singh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17226
Competition in the Labor Market: The Wage Effect of Employer Concentration in China
Jianan Liu, Hongbo Cai, Carl Lin
published in: Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 2025, 64 (3), 343–379
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16553
The Plant-Level View of Korea's Growth Miracle and Slowdown
Munseob Lee, Yongseok Shin
published in: Canadian Journal of Economics, 2024, 57 (3), 704–725
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16397
Youth Labor Force Participation, Education, and Human Capital in Asia, by Gender, 1990-2019
Barbara M. Fraumeni
published in: Indian Economic Review, 2024, 59, 69 - 94
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16007
Political Connections, Business Groups and Innovation
Simon Commander, Saul Estrin, Thamashi De Silva
published in: Comperative Economic Studies, 2024, 66, 639–660
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15152
A Tale of Parallel Processes of Gender (In-)Equality: How Big Is the Glass Ceilings for MENA Women?
Ömer Tuğsal Doruk, Francesco Pastore
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14725
One Country, Two Systems: Evidence on Retirement Patterns in China
John T. Giles, Xiaoyan Lei, Gewei Wang, Yafeng Wang, Yaohui Zhao
published in: Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 2023, 22 (2), 188-210
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14639
Dropping Out, Being Pushed Out or Can’t Get in? Decoding Declining Labour Force Participation of Indian Women
Ashwini Deshpande, Jitendra Singh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14583
Government Intervention and Business Response as Determinants of Business Continuity amid COVID-19: The Case of Jordan and Morocco
Anthony Fakhoury, Ali Fakih
published in: International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 2023, 17 (2), 196-219
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14531
The Rise of China's Global Middle Class in International Perspective
Terry Sicular, Xiuna Yang, Björn Anders Gustafsson
published in: China & World Economy, 2022, 30 (1), 5 - 27
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14466
The Making of a Lost Generation: Child Labor among Syrian Refugees in Turkey
Meltem Dayioglu-Tayfur, Murat Güray Kirdar, Ismet Koc
published in: International Migration Review; 2024, 8 (3), 1075-1113
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14093
Can Information Influence the Social Insurance Participation Decision of China's Rural Migrants?
John T. Giles, Xin Meng, Sen Xue, Guochang Zhao
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2021,150,102645.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13815
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Gendered Division of Paid and Unpaid Work: Evidence from India
Ashwini Deshpande
published in: Economia Politica, 2022, 39, 75 - 100
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13597
Access to Land and Tenancy Practices on Tanah Bengkok: Evidence from Java, Indonesia
Takashi Kurosaki, Saumik Paul, Firman Witoelar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13104
Confidence in Public Institutions and the Run up to the October 2019 Uprising in Lebanon
Ali Fakih, Paul Makdissi, Walid Marrouch, Rami V. Tabri, Myra Yazbeck
published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2022, 228 (1), 205-227
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13017
Technical Progress and Induced Innovation in China: A Variable Profit Function Approach
Gary Wong, Belton M. Fleisher, Min Qiang Zhao, William H. McGuire
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12956
Analyzing Female Employment Trends in South Asia
Fatima Najeeb, Matias Morales, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12955
The Relationship between Female Labor Force Participation and Violent Conflicts in South Asia
Raymond Robertson, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Matias Morales
published in: Contemporary South Asia, 2023, 31 (3), 371 - 389
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12318
Military Intervention via Drone Strikes
Rafat Mahmood, Michael Jetter
published in: Economic Journal, 2023, 133 (650), 787-811
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11656
Inter-Spousal Communication in Consanguineous Marriages: Evidence from Egypt
Aastha Rajan, George S Naufal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11638
Twins, Family Size, and Female Labor Force Participation in Iran
Mahdi Majbouri
published in: Applied Economics, 2018, 51 (4), 387–397
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11523
Performance Pay and Enterprise Productivity: The Details Matter
Takao Kato, Antti Kauhanen
published in: Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership, 2018, 1 (1), 61-73
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11363
Does Marital Status Affect How Firms Interpret Job Applicants' Un/Employment Histories?
Margaret Maurer-Fazio, Sili Wang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11322
Fertility and the Puzzle of Female Employment in the Middle East
Mahdi Majbouri
published in: Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, 2020, 28, 225–244
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10635
The Great Chinese Inequality Turnaround
Ravi Kanbur, Yue Wang, Xiaobo Zhang
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2021, 49 (2), 467 - 482
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10566
Cognitive Skills, Noncognitive Skills, and School-to-Work Transitions in Rural China
Paul Glewwe, Qiuqiong Huang, Albert Park
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2017, 134, 141-164
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10392
Growth with Equity: Income Inequality in Vietnam, 2002–14
Dwayne Benjamin, Loren Brandt, Brian McCaig
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2017, 15, 25 - 46
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10168
The Impact of Fundamentalist Terrorism on School Enrolment: Evidence from North-Western Pakistan, 2004-09
Sarah Khan, Andrew Seltzer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10073
How Do Pre-School and/or School-Age Children Affect Parents' Likelihood of Migration and Off-Farm Work in Rural China's Minority Regions?
Sai Ding, Xiao-Yuan Dong, Margaret Maurer-Fazio
published online in: Feminist Economics, 2018, 24 (2), 77 - 99
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9974
Decomposition Analysis of Earnings Inequality in Rural India: 2004-2012
Shantanu Khanna, Deepti Goel, René Morissette
published in: IZA Journal of Labor & Development, 2016, 5 (18)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9640
Remittances and Expenditure Patterns of the Left Behinds in Rural China
Sylvie Démurger, Xiaoqian Wang
published in: China Economic Review, 2016, 37, 177-190
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9485
Bad Karma or Discrimination? Male-Female Wage Gaps among Salaried Workers in India
Ashwini Deshpande, Deepti Goel, Shantanu Khanna
published in: World Development, 2018, 102, 331-344
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9404
What Factors Influence Firm Perceptions of Labour Market Constraints to Growth in the MENA Region?
Ali Fakih, Pascal L. Ghazalian
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2015, 36 (8), 1181-1206
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9343
Cultural and Ethnic Differences in the Transitions from Work to 'Retirement' of Rural Elders in China’s Minority Regions
Rachel Connelly, Margaret Maurer-Fazio
published in: B. Gustafsson, R. Hasmath. S. Ding (eds), Ethnicity and Inequality in China, New York and Oxford: Routledge, 2021, 82-109. / published in Chinese, Beijing, 2017, 56-83.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9226
Do Social Networks Improve Chinese Adults' Subjective Well-being?
Xiaoyan Lei, Yan Shen, James P. Smith, Guangsu Zhou
published in: Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 2015, 6, 57 - 67
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9216
Can I Have Permission to Leave the House? Return Migration and the Transfer of Gender Norms
Michele Tuccio, Jackline Wahba
published as 'Return Migration and the Transfer of Gender Norms: Evidence from the Middle East' in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2018, 46 (4), 1006 - 1029
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9213
Left Behind, At Risk, and Vulnerable Elders in Rural China: What the RUMIC Data Reveal about the Extent, Causes, and Consequences of Being Left Behind
Rachel Connelly, Margaret Maurer-Fazio
published in: China Economic Review, 2016, 37, 140 - 153
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8930
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, Disruptions to Education, and the Returns to Schooling in Urban China
John T. Giles, Albert Park, Meiyan Wang
published in: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2019, 68(1), 131-164
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8929
Income Convergence and the Flow out of Poverty in India, 1994-2005
Paola Andrea Barrientos Quiroga, Niels-Hugo Blunch, Nabanita Datta Gupta
published in: Indian Economic Journal, 2018, 66 (1-2), 1-24
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8923
Migration Externalities in Chinese Cities
Pierre-Philippe Combes, Sylvie Démurger, Shi Li
published in: European Economic Review, 2015, 76, 152-167
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8842
Do Negative Native-Place Stereotypes Lead to Discriminatory Wage Penalties in China's Migrant Labor Markets?
Margaret Maurer-Fazio, Rachel Connelly, Ngoc-Han Thi Tran
published in Handbook on Migration, Identity and Well-Being in China, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8605
"As Rare as a Panda": How Facial Attractiveness, Gender, and Occupation Affect Interview Callbacks at Chinese Firms
Margaret Maurer-Fazio, Lei Lei
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2015, 36(1), 68-85
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8253
The Consequences of Increased Enforcement of Legal Minimum Wages in a Developing Country: An Evaluation of the Impact of the Campaña Nacional de Salarios Mínimos in Costa Rica
T. H. Gindling, Nadwa Mossaad, Juan Diego Trejos
slightly revised version published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2015, 68(3), 666-707
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8079
The Impact of Oil Revenues on the Iranian Economy and the Gulf States
Christian Dreger, Teymur Rahmani
published in: OPEC Energy Review, 2016, 40 (1), 36 - 49
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8068
The Role of Coresidency with Adult Children in the Labor Force Participation Decisions of Older Men and Women in China
Rachel Connelly, Margaret Maurer-Fazio, Dandan Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8003
Can the UAE Avoid the Oil Curse by Economic Diversification?
Ilham Haouas, Almas Heshmati
published in: International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 2017, 144, 7-23
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7795
Public-Private Entanglement: Entrepreneurship in a Hybrid Political Order, the Case of Lebanon
Nora Stel, Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7727
Left-Behind Children and Return Decisions of Rural Migrants in China
Sylvie Démurger, Hui Xu
published in: IZA Journal of Migration, 2015, 4:10
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7724
Returns to Foreign Language Skills in a Developing Country: The Case of Turkey
Antonio Di Paolo, Aysit Tansel
published in: Journal of Development Studies, 2015, 51(4), 407-421
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7573
Making Sense of Arab Labor Markets: The Enduring Legacy of Dualism
Ragui Assaad
published in: IZA Journal of Labor & Development, 2014, 3:6
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7278
A Theoretical Model of the Chinese Labor Market
Gary S. Fields, Yang Song
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7196
China's Life Satisfaction, 1990-2010
Richard A. Easterlin, Robson Morgan, Maggie Switek, Fei Wang
published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012, 109 (25), 9775-9780
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7106
Corruption, Shadow Economy and Income Inequality: Evidence from Asia
Saibal Kar, Shrabani Saha
published in: Economic Systems, 2021, 45 (2), 100774
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6851
Trust and Trustworthiness under the Prospect Theory: A Field Experiment in Vietnam
Quang Nguyen, Marie Claire Villeval, Hui Xu
revised version published in: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2016, 64 (3), 545-572
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6293
Remittances and Children's Capabilities: New Evidence from Kyrgyzstan, 2005-2008
Antje Kroeger, Kathryn H. Anderson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5914
Intergenerational Wealth Mobility in Rural Bangladesh
Niaz Asadullah
published in: Journal of Development Studies, 2012, 48(9), 1193-1208
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5880
Evolution of the Industrial Wage Structure in China Since 1980
Ohyun Kwon, Belton M. Fleisher, Deng Quheng
substantially revised version published in: Pacific Economic Review, 2015, 20(1), 17–44 (co-authored by Simon Chang)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5650
China's Latent Human Capital Investment: Achieving Milestones and Competing for the Top
Amelie F. Constant, Bienvenue N. Tien, Klaus F. Zimmermann, Jingzhou Meng
published in: Journal of Contemporary China, 2013, 22 (79), 109-130.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5146
Inequality of Educational Opportunity in India: Changes over Time and across States
Niaz Asadullah, Gaston Yalonetzky
published in: World Development, 2012, 40 (6), 1151–1163
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5111
The Productivity Effects of Profit Sharing, Employee Ownership, Stock Option and Team Incentive Plans: Evidence from Korean Panel Data
Takao Kato, Ju Ho Lee, Jang-Soo Ryu
published in: Tor Eriksson (ed.), Advances in the Economic Analysis of Participatory and Labor-Managed Firms Volume 11, Bingley: Emerald, 2010
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4987
Inequality in Vietnamese Urban-Rural Living Standards, 1993-2006
Huong Thu Le, Alison L. Booth
revised version published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2014, 60 (4), 862–886
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4447
Could Education Promote the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process?
Mayssun El-Attar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3973
A Distributional Analysis of Social Group Inequality in Rural India
Mehtabul Azam
revised version published in: Journal of International Development, 2012, 24 (4), 415–432
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3659
Urban-Rural Consumption Inequality in China from 1988 to 2002: Evidence from Quantile Regression Decomposition
Zhaopeng (Frank) Qu, Zhong Zhao
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3576
Human Capital, Economic Growth, and Regional Inequality in China
Belton M. Fleisher, Haizheng Li, Min Qiang Zhao
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2010, 92(2), 215-231
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3284
Earnings Differences between Chinese and Indian Wage Earners, 1987–2004
Olivier B. Bargain, Sumon K. Bhaumik, Manisha Chakrabarty, Zhong Zhao
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2009, 55 (1), 562-587
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2703
Human Capital, Economic Growth, and Regional Inequality in China
Belton M. Fleisher, Haizheng Li, Min Qiang Zhao
substantially revised version published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2010, 92(2), 215-231
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1914
CEO Turnover, Firm Performance and Enterprise Reform in China: Evidence from New Micro Data
Takao Kato, Cheryl Long
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2006, 34 (4), 796 - 817
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1783
Executive Compensation, Firm Performance, and Chaebols in Korea: Evidence from New Panel Data
Takao Kato, Woochan Kim, Ju Ho Lee
published in: Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 2007, 15 (1), 36-55
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1767
Executive Compensation, Firm Performance, and Corporate Governance in China: Evidence from Firms Listed in the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges
Takao Kato, Cheryl Long
published in: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2006, 54 (4), 945-983
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1479
Demographic Determinants of Savings: Estimating and Interpreting the Aggregate Association in Asia
T. Paul Schultz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1461
Openness and Human Capital as Sources of Productivity Growth: An Empirical Investigation from the MENA Countries
Ilham Haouas, Mahmoud Yagoubi
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