The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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1,396 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14787
Online Teaching and Gender Bias
Sara Ayllón
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2022, 89, 102280
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14781
Closing the Gender Profit Gap?
Catia Batista, Sandra Sequeira, Pedro C. Vicente
published in: Management Science, 2022, 68 (12), 8515 - 9218,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14778
Gender Differences in Economics PhD Field Specializations with Correlated Choices
Eva Sierminska, Ronald L. Oaxaca
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 79, 102289
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14758
Gender Preferences in Job Vacancies and Workplace Gender Diversity
David Card, Fabrizio Colella, Rafael Lalive
published online in: Review of Economic Studies, 21 August 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14758
Gender Preferences in Job Vacancies and Workplace Gender Diversity
David Card, Fabrizio Colella, Rafael Lalive
published online in: Review of Economic Studies, 21 August 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14742
Gender Heterogeneity in Self-Reported Hypertension
Eric Bonsang, Eve Caroli, Clémentine Garrouste
published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2021, 43, 10171
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14724
The Gender Gap in Earnings Losses after Job Displacement
Hannah Illing, Johannes F. Schmieder, Simon Trenkle
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2024, 5, 2108–2147
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14722
Physical Pain, Gender, and the State of the Economy in 146 Nations
Lucía Macchia, Andrew J. Oswald
published in: Social Science & Medicine, 2021, 287, 114332
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14719
The Alabaster Ceiling: The Gender Legacy of the Papal States
Elona Harka, Luca Nunziata, Lorenzo Rocco
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14713
Gender Inequality and Caste: Field Experimental Evidence from India
Asadul Islam, Debayan Pakrashi, Soubhagya Sahoo, Liang Choon Wang, Yves Zenou
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2021, 190, 111-124.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14711
COVID-19 and the Employment Gender Gap
Taiyo Fukai, Masato Ikeda, Daiji Kawaguchi, Shintaro Yamaguchi
published as 'COVID-19 and the employment gender gap in Japan' in: Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 2023, 68, 101256.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14676
Bye Bye Ms. American Sci: Women and the Leaky STEM Pipeline
Jamin D. Speer
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2023, 93, 102371
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14675
Is Being Competitive Always an Advantage? Degrees of Competitiveness, Gender, and Premature Work Contract Termination
Samuel Lüthi, Stefan C. Wolter
published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 85, 102457
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14666
Gender Role Models and Early Career Decisions
Monique Löwe, Ulf Rinne, Hendrik Sonnabend
published in: Applied Economics Letters, 2023, 30 (11), 1526 - 1530
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14618
What Happens When Employers Can No Longer Discriminate in Job Ads?
Peter J. Kuhn, Kailing Shen
published in: American Economic Review, 2023, 113 (4), 1013 - 1048
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14618
What Happens When Employers Can No Longer Discriminate in Job Ads?
Peter J. Kuhn, Kailing Shen
published in: American Economic Review, 2023, 113 (4), 1013 - 1048
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14611
Long-Term Consequences of Teaching Gender Roles: Evidence from Desegregating Industrial Arts and Home Economics in Japan
Hiromi Hara, Núria Rodríguez-Planas
forthcoming in: Journal of Labor Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14578
Temporal Flexibility, Breaks at Work, and the Motherhood Wage Gap
José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina, Almudena Sevilla
published in: J.A. Molina (ed.), Mothers in the Labor Market, Springer, 2022, 83-105
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14572
Tackling the Gender Gap in Mathematics with Active Learning Methodologies
Maria Laura Di Tommaso, Dalit Contini, Dalila De Rosa, Francesca Ferrara, Daniela Piazzalunga, Ornella Robutti
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2024, 100, 102538
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14568
The Gendered Effects of Climate Change: Production Shocks and Labor Response in Agriculture
Farzana Afridi, Kanika Mahajan, Nikita Sangwan
published as 'The Gendered Effects of Droughts: Production Shocks and Labor Response in Agriculture' in: Labour Economics, 2022, 78, 102227
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14561
Family Ties, Geographic Mobility and the Gender Gap in Academic Aspirations
Lídia Farré, Francesc Ortega
published as 'Geographic mobility of college students and the gender gap in academic aspirations' in: Labour Economics, 2024, 90, 102550
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14551
Non-Base Compensation and the Gender Pay Gap
Boris Hirsch, Philipp Lentge
published in: Labour, 2022, 36 (3), 277-301
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14550
Gender Norms and Intimate Partner Violence
Libertad González, Núria Rodríguez-Planas
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2020, 178 (C), 223-248.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14549
Gender Norms and Women's Decision to Work: Evidence from Japan
Núria Rodríguez-Planas, Ryuichi Tanaka
published in: Review of Economics of the Household, 2022, 20, 15 - 36
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14497
Words Matter: Gender, Jobs and Applicant Behavior
Sugat Chaturvedi, Kanika Mahajan, Zahra Siddique
published as 'Gendered language in job ads and applicant behaviour: Evidence from India' in: Labour Economics, 2025, 96, 102726
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14482
Pay Gaps in the National Health Service: Observability and Disclosure
Karen A. Mumford, Edith Aguirre, Anna Einarsdóttir, Bridget Lockyer, Melisa Sayli, Benjamin A. Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14471
Cracking under Pressure? Gender Role Attitudes toward Maternal Employment in Times of a Pandemic
Natalia Danzer, Mathias Huebener, Astrid Pape, C. Katharina Spieß, Nico A. Siegel, Gert G. Wagner
substantially revised version published as 'Cracking Under Pressure? Gender Role Attitudes Toward Maternal Employment During COVID-19 in Germany' in: Feminist Economics, Feminist Economics, 2024, 30 (3), 217–254.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14457
Sharing the Caring? The Gender Division of Care Work during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany
Jonas Jessen, C. Katharina Spieß, Sevrin Waights, Katharina Wrohlich
revised version published as 'The gender division of unpaid care work throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany' in: German Economic Review, 2022, 23(4), 641-667
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14446
'It Ain't Where You're from, It's Where You're At': Hiring Origins, Firm Heterogeneity, and Wages
Sabrina Di Addario, Patrick Kline, Raffaele Saggio, Mikkel Sølvsten
published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2023, 233 (2), 340-374
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14441
The Gender Pay Gap in Ireland from Austerity through Recovery
Karina Doorley, Ivan Privalko, Helen Russell, Dora Tuda
forthcoming in: Research in Labor Economics, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14439
Peer Gender and Schooling: Evidence from Ethiopia
Daniel Borbely, Jonathan Norris, Agnese Romiti
published in: Journal of Human Capital, 2023, 17 (2), 207–249
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14433
Do Women Give Up Competing More Easily? Evidence from Speedcubers
Chao Fang, Ernest Zhang, Junfu Zhang
published in: Economics Letters, 2021, 205, 109943.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14416
Parental Disability and Teenagers' Time Allocation
Charlene M. Kalenkoski, Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia
published in: Review of Economics of the Household, 2023, 21 (4), 1379-1407
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14394
Gender Wage and Longevity Gaps and the Design of Retirement Systems
Francesca Barigozzi, Helmuth Cremer, Jean-Marie Lozachmeur
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 209, 2023, 263-287.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14394
Gender Wage and Longevity Gaps and the Design of Retirement Systems
Francesca Barigozzi, Helmuth Cremer, Jean-Marie Lozachmeur
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 209, 2023, 263-287.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14391
Sectoral Wage Gaps and Gender in Rural India
Joshua D. Merfeld
published in: American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2023, 105 (2), 434-452
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14387
Gender Differences in Student Evaluations of Teaching: Identification and Consequences
Edmund Cannon, Giam Pietro Cipriani
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14383
Signals from On High and the Power of Growth Mindset: A Natural Field Experiment in Attracting Minorities to High-Profile Positions
Jeffrey A. Flory, Andreas Leibbrandt, Christina Rott, Olga B. Stoddard
published as 'Leader Signals and 'Growth Mindset': A Natural Field Experiment in Attracting Minorities' to High-Profile Position' in: Management Science, 2024, 70 (8), 4953 - 4973
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14375
Neither Backlash nor Convergence: Dynamics of Intracouple Childcare Division after the First COVID-19 Lockdown and Subsequent Reopening in Germany
Christina Boll, Dana Müller, Simone Schüller
revised version published in: Journal for Labour Market Research, 2023, 57, 27
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14373
Gender Differences in Job Search and the Earnings Gap: Evidence from Business Majors
Patricia Cortes, Jessica Pan, Laura Pilossoph, Basit Zafar
published as 'Gender Differences in Job Search and the Earnings Gap: Evidence from the Field and Lab' in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2023, 138 (4), 2069–2126
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14368
A Generation of Italian Economists
Enrico Nano, Ugo Panizza, Martina Viarengo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14360
The Gender Gap in Income and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Karina Doorley, Cathal O'Donoghue, Denisa Maria Sologon
published in: Social Sciences, 2022, 11 (7), 311
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14350
Assessing Gender Gaps in Employment and Earnings in Africa: The Case of Eswatini
Zuzana Brixiova Schwidrowski, Susumu Imai, Thierry Kangoye, Nadege Desiree Yameogo
published in: Development Southern Africa, 2021, 38 (4), 643–663
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14335
The Impact of Selection into the Labor Force on the Gender Wage Gap
Francine D. Blau, Lawrence M. Kahn, Nikolai Boboshko, Matthew Comey
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2024, 42 (2), 1093–1133
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14325
The Return to Hours Worked within and across Occupations: Implications for the Gender Wage Gap
Jeffrey T. Denning, Brian A. Jacob, Lars Lefgren, Christian vom Lehn
published in: ILR Review, 2022, 75 (5), 1321 - 1347
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14305
Biased Teachers and Gender Gap in Learning Outcomes: Evidence from India
Sonali Rakshit, Soham Sahoo
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2023, 161, 103041
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14293
Revisiting Gender Identity and Relative Income within Households: A Cautionary Tale on the Potential Pitfalls of Density Estimators
Daniel Kühnle, Michael Oberfichtner, Kerstin Ostermann
published in: Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2021, 36 (7), 1065-1073.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14272
The Effect of a Health and Economic Shock on the Gender, Ethnic and Racial Gap in Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from COVID-19
Stefani Milovanska-Farrington
updated version published as 'The Effect of Covid-19 as an Economic Shock on the Gender and Ethnic Gap in Labor Market Outcomes' in: Studies in Microeconomics, 2021, 9 (2), 227–255
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14270
Happiness, Domains of Life Satisfaction, Perceptions, and Valuation Differences Across Genders
Stefani Milovanska-Farrington, Stephen Farrington
published in: Acta Psychologica, 2022, 230, 103720
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14266
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health: Disentangling Crucial Channels
Bettina M. Siflinger, Michaela Paffenholz, Sebastian Seitz, Moritz Mendel, Hans-Martin von Gaudecker
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