The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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2,292 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11821
Globalisation and the Gender Earnings Gap: Evidence from Sri Lanka and Cambodia 1992-2015
Raymond Robertson, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Yevgeniya Savchenko
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11814
How Wage Announcements Affect Job Search: A Field Experiment
Michèle Belot, Philipp Kircher, Paul Muller
published in: American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2022, 14 (4), 1–67
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11788
The Impact of Employment Protection on the Industrial Wage Structure
John S. Heywood, Mary O'Mahony, W. Stanley Siebert, Ana Rincon-Aznar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11778
Minimum Wages and the Labor Market Effects of Immigration
Anthony Edo, Hillel Rapoport
published in: Labour Economics, 2019, 61, Article 101753
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11773
Public Health Efforts and the Decline in Urban Mortality
D. Mark Anderson, Kerwin Kofi Charles, Daniel I. Rees
published as 'Re-Examining the Contribution of Public Health Efforts to the Decline in Urban Mortality' in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2022, 14 (2), 126-157.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11767
A Job Ladder Model with Stochastic Employment Opportunities
Jake Bradley, Axel Gottfries
published in: Quantitative Economics 2021, 12 (4), 1399-1430
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11767
A Job Ladder Model with Stochastic Employment Opportunities
Jake Bradley, Axel Gottfries
published in: Quantitative Economics 2021, 12 (4), 1399-1430
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11748
A Database on the Passage and Enactment of Recent State Minimum Wage Increases
Jeffrey Clemens, Duncan Hobbs, Michael R. Strain
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11747
Employment Adjustments Following Rises and Reductions in Minimum Wages: New Insights from a Survey Experiment
Mario Bossler, Michael Oberfichtner, Claus Schnabel
published in: Labour, 2020, 34 (3), 323-346
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11747
Employment Adjustments Following Rises and Reductions in Minimum Wages: New Insights from a Survey Experiment
Mario Bossler, Michael Oberfichtner, Claus Schnabel
published in: Labour, 2020, 34 (3), 323-346
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11728
Minimum Wages and Retirement
Mark Borgschulte, Heepyung Cho
published in: ILR Review, 2020, 73 (1), 153 - 177
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11723
Labour Immigration and Union Strength
Henning Finseraas, Marianne Roed, Pal Schone
published in: European Union Politics, 2020, 21 (1), 3-23.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11657
Has the College Wage Premium Continued to Rise? Evidence from Multiple U.S. Surveys
Jared Ashworth, Tyler Ransom
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2019, 69 (1), 149 -154.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11640
The Distribution of the Gender Wage Gap
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Manuel Fernandez Sierra
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11640
The Distribution of the Gender Wage Gap
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Manuel Fernandez Sierra
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11632
Estimating the Effect of an Increase in the Minimum Wage on Hours Worked and Employment in Ireland
Seamus McGuinness, Paul Redmond
revised verion published as 'The impact of a Minimum Wage increase on Temporary Worker Contracts' in: 2019, 40 (2), 149-173
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11622
The State of the Economy at Graduation, Wages, and Catch-up Paths: Evidence from Switzerland
Elena Shvartsman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11598
Estimating the Impacts of Payroll Taxes: Evidence from Canadian Employer-Employee Tax Data
Jonathan Deslauriers, Benoit Dostie, Robert Gagné, Jonathan Paré
published in: Canadian Journal of Economics, 2021, 54 (4), 1609-1637.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11585
Exploiting the Irish Border to Estimate Minimum Wage Impacts in Northern Ireland
Duncan McVicar, Andrew Park, Seamus McGuinness
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 2019, 8(2)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11584
Two Stories of Wage Dynamics in Latin America: Different Policies, Different Outcomes
Gustavo J. Canavire Bacarreza, Luis C. Carvajal-Osorio
published in: Journal of Labor Research, 2020, 41, 128–168,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11584
Two Stories of Wage Dynamics in Latin America: Different Policies, Different Outcomes
Gustavo J. Canavire Bacarreza, Luis C. Carvajal-Osorio
published in: Journal of Labor Research, 2020, 41, 128–168,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11579
Contract Employment as a Worker Discipline Device
Arnab K. Basu, Nancy H. Chau, Vidhya Soundararajan
revised version published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2021, 149, 102601
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11569
Innovation, Wages, and Polarization in China
Belton M. Fleisher, William H. McGuire, Yaqin Su, Min Qiang Zhao
revised version available
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11556
Do Startups Provide Employment Opportunities for Disadvantaged Workers?
Daniel Fackler, Michaela Fuchs, Lisa Hölscher, Claus Schnabel
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2019, 72 (5), 1123-1148
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11549
Vocational High School Graduate Wage Gap: The Role of Cognitive Skills and Firms
Joop Hartog, Pedro Raposo, Hugo Reis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11525
Comparing Wage Gains from Different Immigrant Legalization Programs
Sankar Mukhopadhyay
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11520
L'union fait la force? Evidence for Wage Discrimination in Firms with High Diversity
Elena Grinza, Stephan Kampelmann, François Rycx
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2020, 18 (2), 181-211
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11519
Employer Power, Labor Saving Technical Change, and Inequality
Nancy H. Chau, Ravi Kanbur
published in: Kaushik Basu, Maitreesh Ghatak, Kenneth Kletzer, Sudipto Mundle, and Eric Verhoogen (eds.), Development, Distribution, and Markets, Oxford University Press, 2021
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11519
Employer Power, Labor Saving Technical Change, and Inequality
Nancy H. Chau, Ravi Kanbur
published in: Kaushik Basu, Maitreesh Ghatak, Kenneth Kletzer, Sudipto Mundle, and Eric Verhoogen (eds.), Development, Distribution, and Markets, Oxford University Press, 2021
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11504
Downward Real Wage Rigidity and Equal Treatment Wage Contracts: Theory and Evidence
Andy Snell, Heiko Stüber, Jonathan P. Thomas
published in: Review of Economic Dynamics, 2018, 30, 265-284
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11503
A Cautionary Note on the Reliability of the Online Survey Data: The Case of Wage Indicator
Magdalena Smyk, Joanna Tyrowicz, Lucas van der Velde
published in: Sociological Methods and Research, 2021, 50 (1), 429-464
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11502
Minimum Wages and the Gender Gap in Pay: New Evidence from the UK and Ireland
Olivier B. Bargain, Karina Doorley, Philippe Van Kerm
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2019, 65 (3), 514-539
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11502
Minimum Wages and the Gender Gap in Pay: New Evidence from the UK and Ireland
Olivier B. Bargain, Karina Doorley, Philippe Van Kerm
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2019, 65 (3), 514-539
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11477
Does It Pay to Graduate from an 'Elite' University in Australia?
David Carroll, Christopher Heaton, Massimiliano Tani
published in: Economic Record, 2019, 95(310), 343-357
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11474
Changing the Structure of Minimum Wages: Firm Adjustment and Wage Spillovers
Giulia Giupponi, Stephen Machin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11474
Changing the Structure of Minimum Wages: Firm Adjustment and Wage Spillovers
Giulia Giupponi, Stephen Machin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11427
Minimum Wage Analysis Using a Pre-Committed Research Design: Evidence through 2016
Jeffrey Clemens, Michael R. Strain
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11425
The Sensitivity of Structural Labor Supply Estimations to Modeling Assumptions
Max Löffler, Andreas Peichl, Sebastian Siegloch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11423
A Tale of Two Academic Tracks
Muhammad Asali
revised version published in: Education Economics, 2019, 27 (3), 323-337.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11419
The Returns to Schooling Unveiled
Ana Rute Cardoso, Paulo Guimaraes, Pedro Portugal, Hugo Reis
part 1 of this paper published online as 'What Lies Behind the Returns to Schooling: The Role of Labor Market Sorting and Worker Heterogeneity' in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 22 August 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11402
Workers, Firms and Life-Cycle Wage Dynamics
Paul Bingley, Lorenzo Cappellari
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11402
Workers, Firms and Life-Cycle Wage Dynamics
Paul Bingley, Lorenzo Cappellari
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11386
The Optimal Graduated Minimum Wage and Social Welfare
Eliav Danziger, Leif Danziger
published in: Transitions through the Labor Market (Research in Labor Economics, Vol. 46), Emerald Publishing, 2018, 55-72.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11361
Early Gender Gaps among University Graduates
Marco Francesconi, Matthias Parey
revised version published in: European Economic Review, 2018, 109, 63-82
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11325
Overeducation Wage Penalty among Ph.D. Holders: An Unconditional Quantile Regression Analysis on Italian Data
Giuseppe Lucio Gaeta, Giuseppe Lubrano Lavadera, Francesco Pastore
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2023, 44 (6), 1096-1117
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11321
Perceived Wages and the Gender Gap in STEM Fields
Aderonke Osikominu, Gregor Pfeifer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11320
Why Women Don't Ask: Gender Differences in Fairness Perceptions of Own Wages and Subsequent Wage Growth
Christian Pfeifer, Gesine Stephan
revised version published in: Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2019, 43(2), 295-310
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11320
Why Women Don't Ask: Gender Differences in Fairness Perceptions of Own Wages and Subsequent Wage Growth
Christian Pfeifer, Gesine Stephan
revised version published in: Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2019, 43(2), 295-310
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11314
Value Added, Wages, and Labor Market Flows at the Establishment Level
Christian Merkl, Heiko Stüber
published in: Applied Economics Letters, 2019, 26, 135-142
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11313
Reallocation and the Role of Firm Composition Effects on Aggregate Wage Dynamics
Effrosyni Adamopoulou, Emmanuele Bobbio, Marta De Philippis, Federico Giorgi
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 2019, 8:3
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11312
The Shelf Life of Incumbent Workers during Accelerating Technological Change: Evidence from a Training Regulation Reform
Simon Janssen, Jens Mohrenweiser
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11311
New Evidence on Cyclical Variation in Labor Costs in the U.S.
Grace Weishi Gu, Eswar Prasad
published as 'New Evidence on Cyclical Variation in Average Labor Costs in the United States ' in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2020, 102 (5), 966–979.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11309
Firm Wage Premia, Industrial Relations, and Rent Sharing in Germany
Boris Hirsch, Steffen Müller
revised version published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2020, 73 (5), 1119-1146
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11309
Firm Wage Premia, Industrial Relations, and Rent Sharing in Germany
Boris Hirsch, Steffen Müller
revised version published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2020, 73 (5), 1119-1146
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11297
People versus Machines: The Impact of Minimum Wages on Automatable Jobs
Grace Lordan, David Neumark
published in: Labour Economics, 2018, 52, 40-53
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11295
Identifying Age Penalty in Women's Wages: New Method and Evidence from Germany 1984-2014
Joanna Tyrowicz, Lucas van der Velde, Irene van Staveren
published in: Feminist Economics, 2018, 24 (4), 108-130
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11293
Economic Pluralism in the Study of Wage Discrimination: A Note
Nick Drydakis
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2018, 39 (4), 631-636
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11266
Why Are Professors "Poorly Paid"?
Daniel S. Hamermesh
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2018, 66, 137-41
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11261
Voting Patterns and the Gender Wage Gap
Wifag Adnan, Sami H. Miaari
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2018, 146, 222-247
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11250
Wage Inequality and Structural Change
Joanna Tyrowicz, Magdalena Smyk
published in Social Indicators Research, 2019, 141(2), 503-538
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11247
Nature of the Relationship between Minimum Wage and the Shadow Economy Size: An Empirical Analysis for the Case of Romania
Adriana Anamaria Davidescu, Friedrich Schneider
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11246
The Short-Term Distributional Effects of the German Minimum Wage Reform
Marco Caliendo, Alexandra Fedorets, Malte Preuß, Carsten Schröder, Linda Wittbrodt
substantially revised version published as 'The short- and medium-term distributional effects of the German minimum wage reform' in: Empirical Economics, 2023, 64, 1149 - 1175
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11246
The Short-Term Distributional Effects of the German Minimum Wage Reform
Marco Caliendo, Alexandra Fedorets, Malte Preuß, Carsten Schröder, Linda Wittbrodt
substantially revised version published as 'The short- and medium-term distributional effects of the German minimum wage reform' in: Empirical Economics, 2023, 64, 1149 - 1175
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11246
The Short-Term Distributional Effects of the German Minimum Wage Reform
Marco Caliendo, Alexandra Fedorets, Malte Preuß, Carsten Schröder, Linda Wittbrodt
substantially revised version published as 'The short- and medium-term distributional effects of the German minimum wage reform' in: Empirical Economics, 2023, 64, 1149 - 1175
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11231
Changes across Cohorts in Wage Returns to Schooling and Early Work Experiences
Jared Ashworth, V. Joseph Hotz, Arnaud Maurel, Tyler Ransom
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2021, 39 (4), 931 - 964
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11220
The Price of Polarization: Estimating Task Prices under Routine-Biased Technical Change
Michael Johannes Böhm
revised version published in: Quantitative Economics, 2020, 11, 761-799.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11216
A Panel Study of Immigrants' Overeducation and Earnings in Australia
Le Wen, Sholeh A. Maani
published in: International Migration, 2018, 56 (2), 177-200
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11197
Why Do French Engineers Find Stable Jobs Faster than PhDs?
David N. Margolis, Luis Miotti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11191
Probing the Effects of the Australian System of Minimum Wages on the Gender Wage Gap
Barbara Broadway, Roger Wilkins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11191
Probing the Effects of the Australian System of Minimum Wages on the Gender Wage Gap
Barbara Broadway, Roger Wilkins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11190
The Short-Run Employment Effects of the German Minimum Wage Reform
Marco Caliendo, Alexandra Fedorets, Malte Preuß, Carsten Schröder, Linda Wittbrodt
published in: Labour Economics, 2018, 53, 46-62
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11179
Masculine vs Feminine Personality Traits and Women's Employment Outcomes in Britain: A Field Experiment
Nick Drydakis, Katerina Sidiropoulou, Swetketu Patnaik, Sandra Selmanovic, Vasiliki Bozani
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2018, 39 (4), 621-630
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11165
Are School-Provided Skills Useful at Work? Results of the Wiles Test
Jacek Liwiński, Francesco Pastore
published in: Research in Higher Education, 2021, 62 (1), 72-97
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11156
Comparing Micro-Evidence on Rent Sharing from Two Different Econometric Models
Sabien Dobbelaere, Jacques Mairesse
published in: Labour Economics, 2018, 52, 18-26
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11136
Economic Consequences of Political Persecution
Radim Bohacek, Michal Myck
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11122
Revisiting Interregional Wage Differentials: New Evidence from Spain with Matched Employer-Employee Data
Inés P. Murillo Huertas, Raul Ramos, Hipólito Simón
published in: Journal of Regional Science, 2020, 60 (2), 296-347
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11122
Revisiting Interregional Wage Differentials: New Evidence from Spain with Matched Employer-Employee Data
Inés P. Murillo Huertas, Raul Ramos, Hipólito Simón
published in: Journal of Regional Science, 2020, 60 (2), 296-347
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11114
Occupational Match Quality and Gender over Two Cohorts
John T. Addison, Liwen Chen, Orgul Demet Ozturk
revised version published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2020, 73(3), 730-767.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11114
Occupational Match Quality and Gender over Two Cohorts
John T. Addison, Liwen Chen, Orgul Demet Ozturk
revised version published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2020, 73(3), 730-767.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11111
Union Density, Productivity and Wages
Erling Barth, Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
published in: Economic Journal, 2020, 130 (631), 1898 - 1936
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11108
Not for the Profit, but for the Training? Gender Differences in Training in the For-Profit and Non-Profit Sectors
Benoit Dostie, Mohsen Javdani
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2020, 58 (3), 644-689.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11091
Heterogeneity and the Public Sector Wage Policy
Pedro Maia Gomes
published in: International Economic Review, 2018, 59 (3), 1469 -1489
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11091
Heterogeneity and the Public Sector Wage Policy
Pedro Maia Gomes
published in: International Economic Review, 2018, 59 (3), 1469 -1489
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11073
Spatial-Ethnic Inequalities: The Role of Location in the Estimation of Ethnic Wage Differentials
Simonetta Longhi
published as 'Does Geographical Location Matter for Ethnic Wage Gaps?' in: Journal of Regional Science, 2020, 60 (3), 538-557
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11072
Rising Wage Inequality in Germany: Increasing Heterogeneity and Changing Selection into Full-Time Work
Martin Biewen, Bernd Fitzenberger, Jakob de Lazzer
revised version published in: IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 2018, 7:10
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11071
What Really Happened to British Inequality in the Early 20th Century? Evidence from National Household Expenditure Surveys 1890–1961
Ian Gazeley, Andrew T. Newell, Kevin Reynolds, Hector Gutierrez Rufrancos
forthcoming in: Economic History Review
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11068
Employer-Provided Severance Pay: The Emergence of Job Displacement Insurance, 1930–1954
Donald O. Parsons
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11067
Voluntary Employer-Provided Severance Pay
Donald O. Parsons
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11058
Informal Search, Bad Search? The Effects of Job Search Method on Wages among Rural Migrants in Urban China
Yuanyuan Chen, Le Wang, Min Zhang
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2018, 31 (3), 837-876
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11051
Wage Cyclicalities and Labor Market Dynamics at the Establishment Level: Theory and Evidence
Christian Merkl, Heiko Stüber
revised version published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 161, 104636
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11045
The Gender Wage Gap among College Graduates in Italy
Daniela Piazzalunga
published in: Italian Economic Journal, 2018, 4 (1), 33-90
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11030
How Do Latin American Migrants in the U.S. Stand on Schooling Premium? What Does It Reveal about Education Quality in Their Home Countries?
Daniel Alonso-Soto, Hugo R. Nopo
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2018, 39(6), 855-879.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11025
The Context-Bound University Selectivity Premium
Joniada Milla
published in: Review of Economic Analysis, 2018, 10, 313 - 349 [open access]
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11014
Informality, Public Employment and Employment Protection in Developing Countries
Shaimaa Yassin, François Langot
publisehd in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2018, 46 (1), 326-348
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11004
Indirect Inference with Importance Sampling: An Application to Women's Wage Growth
Robert M. Sauer, Christopher Taber
published as 'Understanding women's wage growth using indirect inference with importance sampling' in: Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2021, 36 (4), 453 - 473
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10981
Measuring Labour Differences between Natives, Non-Natives, and Natives with an Ethnic-Minority Background
Nick Drydakis
published in: Economics Letters, 2017, 161, 27 - 30
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10975
What Drives the Gender Wage Gap? Examining the Roles of Sorting, Productivity Differences, and Discrimination
Isabelle Sin, Steven Stillman, Richard Fabling
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10974
The Dynamics of Gender Earnings Differentials: Evidence from Establishment Data
Erling Barth, Sari Pekkala Kerr, Claudia Olivetti
published in: European Economic Review, 2021, 134, 103713
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10960
Job Search Behavior among the Employed and Non-Employed
Jason Faberman, Andreas I. Mueller, Aysegül Sahin, Giorgio Topa
published in: Econometrica, 2022, 90 (4),1743-1779
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10957
Inclusive Recruitment? Hiring Discrimination against Older Workers
Nick Drydakis, Peter MacDonald, Vasiliki Bozani, Vangelis Chiotis
published in: Arenas, A., Di Marco, D., Munduate, L., Euwema, M.C. (Eds.), Shaping Inclusive Workplaces through Social Dialogue, New York: Springer Publishing, 2017, 87-102
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