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IZA Discussion Papers

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The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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2,292 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13878
The Impact of Minimum Wages on Wages, Wage Spillovers, and Employment in China: Evidence from Longitudinal Individual-Level Data
Tony Fang, Morley Gunderson, Carl Lin
published in: Review of Development Economics, 2021, 25 (2), 854–877
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13867
Heterogeneous Impacts of the Decentralization of Collective Bargaining
Antti Kauhanen, Terhi Maczulskij, Krista Riukula
published online as 'The incidence and effects of decentralized wage bargaining in Finland' in: Journal of Labor Research, 5 April 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13867
Heterogeneous Impacts of the Decentralization of Collective Bargaining
Antti Kauhanen, Terhi Maczulskij, Krista Riukula
published online as 'The incidence and effects of decentralized wage bargaining in Finland' in: Journal of Labor Research, 5 April 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13867
Heterogeneous Impacts of the Decentralization of Collective Bargaining
Antti Kauhanen, Terhi Maczulskij, Krista Riukula
published online as 'The incidence and effects of decentralized wage bargaining in Finland' in: Journal of Labor Research, 5 April 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13860
Labor-Market Conditions and Leadership Styles
Robert Dur, Ola Kvaløy, Anja Schöttner
revised version published in: Management Science, 2022, 68 (4), 3150-3168
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13782
The Effects of International Scrutiny on Manufacturing Workers: Evidence from the Rana Plaza Collapse in Bangladesh
Laurent Bossavie, Yoon Y. Cho, Rachel Heath
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2023, 163, 103107
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13754
Flexible Wages, Bargaining, and the Gender Gap
Barbara Biasi, Heather Sarsons
published in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2022, 137 (1), 215 - 266
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13747
Do Public Subsidies of Union Membership Increase Union Membership Rates?
Erling Barth, Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2025, 229, 106855
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13691
Flexible Work Arrangements in Low Wage Jobs: Evidence from Job Vacancy Data
Abi Adams-Prassl, Maria Balgova, Matthias Qian
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13673
The Dutch Labour Market Early on in the COVID-19 Outbreak: Regional Coronavirus Hotspots and the National Lockdown
Wolter Hassink, Guyonne Kalb, Jordy Meekes
published as "Regional coronavirus hotspots during the COVID-19 outbreak in the Netherlands" in: De Economist, 2021, 169 (2), 127-140
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13666
Long Live the Vacancy
Christian Haefke, Michael Reiter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13635
Pay Transparency Initiative and Gender Pay Gap: Evidence from Research-Intensive Universities in the UK
Danula K. Gamage, Georgios Kavetsos, Sushanta Mallick, Almudena Sevilla
published in: BJIR, 2024, 62 (2), 293-318
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13633
When the Minimum Wage Really Bites Hard: Impact on Top Earners and Skill Supply
Terry Gregory, Ulrich Zierahn-Weilage
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2022, 206, 104582
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13633
When the Minimum Wage Really Bites Hard: Impact on Top Earners and Skill Supply
Terry Gregory, Ulrich Zierahn-Weilage
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2022, 206, 104582
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13633
When the Minimum Wage Really Bites Hard: Impact on Top Earners and Skill Supply
Terry Gregory, Ulrich Zierahn-Weilage
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2022, 206, 104582
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13624
Employee Identification and Wages: On the Economics of 'Affective Commitment'
Patrick Kampkötter, Lea Petters, Dirk Sliwka
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2021, 188, 608-626
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13605
How Robots Change Within-Firm Wage Inequality
Erling Barth, Marianne Roed, Pal Schone, Janis Umblijs
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13601
Decomposing Gender Wage Gaps: A Family Economics Perspective
Dorothée Averkamp, Christian Bredemeier, Falko Juessen
published in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2024, 126 (1), 3-37
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13591
The Changing Composition of Academic Majors and Wage Dynamics
Natalia Kyui, Natalia Radchenko
published as 'The changing composition of academic majors and wage dynamics: Beyond mean returns' in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2021, 49 (2), 358-381
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13591
The Changing Composition of Academic Majors and Wage Dynamics
Natalia Kyui, Natalia Radchenko
published as 'The changing composition of academic majors and wage dynamics: Beyond mean returns' in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2021, 49 (2), 358-381
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13562
This Time It's Different: The Role of Women's Employment in a Pandemic Recession
Titan Alon, Matthias Doepke, Jane Olmstead-Rumsey, Michèle Tertilt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13557
Rising Concentration and Wage Inequality
Matias Cortes, Jeanne Tschopp
published in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2024, 126 (2), 320-354
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13548
Are Estimates of Non-Standard Employment Wage Penalties Robust to Different Wage Measures? The Case of Zero Hours Contracts in the UK
Egidio Farina, Colin P. Green, Duncan McVicar
published in: Industrial Relations, 2021, 60 (3), 370 - 399
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13544
Subsidizing Domestic Services as a Tool to Fight Unemployment: Effectiveness and Hidden Costs
Elisabeth Leduc, Ilan Tojerow
published as 'Home work: Exploring the labor market effects of subsidizing domestic services' in: Labour Economics, 2024, 90, 102595
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13542
Wage Determination and the Bite of Collective Contracts in Italy and Spain: Evidence from the Metalworking Industry
Effrosyni Adamopoulou, Ernesto Villanueva
published as 'Wage determination and the bite of collective contracts in Italy and Spain' in: Labour Economics, 2022, 76, 102147
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13542
Wage Determination and the Bite of Collective Contracts in Italy and Spain: Evidence from the Metalworking Industry
Effrosyni Adamopoulou, Ernesto Villanueva
published as 'Wage determination and the bite of collective contracts in Italy and Spain' in: Labour Economics, 2022, 76, 102147
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13538
Divergence in Labour Force Growth: Should Wages and Prices Grow Faster in Germany?
Thomas Beissinger, Joël Hellier, Martyna Marczak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13536
The Labour Market for Native and International PhD Students: Similarities, Differences, and the Role of (University) Employers
Massimiliano Tani
published in: Journal for Labour Market Research, 2022, 56, 20 (2022)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13529
Labour Markets in the Time of Coronavirus: Measuring Excess
Jonathan Wadsworth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13526
Minimum Wage and Financially Distressed Firms: Another One Bites the Dust
Fernando Alexandre, Pedro Bação, João Cerejeira, Hélder Costa, Miguel Portela
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 24, 102088
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13517
Overconfidence and Gender Differences in Wage Expectations
Stephanie Briel, Aderonke Osikominu, Gregor Pfeifer, Mirjam Reutter, Sascha Satlukal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13499
How the Minimum Wage Affects Training among Apprentices
Kerry L. Papps
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13495
Convergence Over Time or Not? U.S. Wages by Sexual Orientation, 2001-2018
Christopher Jepsen, Lisa Jepsen
published in. Labour Economics, 2022, 74, 102086
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13490
Training, Wages and a Missing School Graduation Cohort
Matthias Dorner, Katja Görlitz
updated version published as 'The impact of a missing school graduation cohort on the training market' in: Economics of Education Review, 2024, 103, 102580 (with Elke J. Jahn)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13490
Training, Wages and a Missing School Graduation Cohort
Matthias Dorner, Katja Görlitz
updated version published as 'The impact of a missing school graduation cohort on the training market' in: Economics of Education Review, 2024, 103, 102580 (with Elke J. Jahn)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13478
Can Subsidized Employment Tackle Long-Term Unemployment? Experimental Evidence from North Macedonia
Alex Armand, Pedro Carneiro, Federico Tagliati, Yiming Xia
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13477
Women in Economics: A UK Perspective
Danula K. Gamage, Almudena Sevilla, Sarah Smith
published in: Oxford Review of Economic Policy 2020, 36 (4), 962 - 982
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13471
Dream Jobs
Giordano Mion, Luca David Opromolla, Gianmarco Ottaviano
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13471
Dream Jobs
Giordano Mion, Luca David Opromolla, Gianmarco Ottaviano
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13454
An Efficiency-Wage Model with Habit Concerns about Wages
Laszlo Goerke
published as 'Habit Formation and Wage Determination' in: Managerial and Decision Economics, 2021, 42 (1), 61-76
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13454
An Efficiency-Wage Model with Habit Concerns about Wages
Laszlo Goerke
published as 'Habit Formation and Wage Determination' in: Managerial and Decision Economics, 2021, 42 (1), 61-76
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13454
An Efficiency-Wage Model with Habit Concerns about Wages
Laszlo Goerke
published as 'Habit Formation and Wage Determination' in: Managerial and Decision Economics, 2021, 42 (1), 61-76
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13447
Workplace Presenteeism, Job Substitutability and Gender Inequality
Ghazala Azmat, Lena Hensvik, Olof Rosenqvist
published online in. Journal of Human Resources, 10 November 2022, 1121-12014R2
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13412
The Heterogenous Regional Effects of Minimum Wages in Poland
Maciej Albinowski, Piotr Lewandowski
published in: Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, 2022, 30 (2), 237 - 267
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13393
Recessions and Occupational Match Quality: The Role of Age, Gender, and Education
John T. Addison, Liwen Chen, Orgul Demet Ozturk
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13369
Does Minimum Wage Increase Labor Productivity? Evidence from Piece Rate Workers
Hyejin Ku
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2022, 40 (2), 325-359
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13358
The Bonding Effect of Deferred Compensation: Worker Separations from a Large Firm in Early Transition Russia
Mikhail Ananyev, Thomas Dohmen, Hartmut Lehmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13356
Reconciling Changes in Wage Inequality with Changes in College Selectivity Using a Behavioral Model
Christian Belzil, Jörgen Hansen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13356
Reconciling Changes in Wage Inequality with Changes in College Selectivity Using a Behavioral Model
Christian Belzil, Jörgen Hansen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13327
Wage Growth Distribution and Changes over Time: 2001-2018
Guyonne Kalb, Jordy Meekes
published in: Australian Economic Review, 2021, 54 (1), 76-93
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13327
Wage Growth Distribution and Changes over Time: 2001-2018
Guyonne Kalb, Jordy Meekes
published in: Australian Economic Review, 2021, 54 (1), 76-93
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13327
Wage Growth Distribution and Changes over Time: 2001-2018
Guyonne Kalb, Jordy Meekes
published in: Australian Economic Review, 2021, 54 (1), 76-93
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13325
Why Didn't the College Premium Rise Everywhere? Employment Protection and On-the-Job Investment in Skills
Matthias Doepke, Ruben Gaetani
published in: American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2024, 16 (3), 268–309
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13317
The Contribution of Payroll Taxation to Wage Inequality in France
Antoine Bozio, Thomas Breda, Malka Guillot
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13315
Turning Vietnam's COVID-19 Success into Economic Recovery: A Job-Focused Analysis of Individual Assessments on Their Finance and the Economy
Hai-Anh H Dang, Long T. Giang
published in: Sustainability, 2021, 13 (19), 10664
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13298
Minimum Wage Compliance and Household Welfare: An Analysis of over 1500 Minimum Wages
Kashif Mansoor, Donal O'Neill
published in: World Development, 2021, 147, 105653
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13289
A Short History of the Gender Wage Gap in Britain
Alex Bryson, Heather Joshi, Bożena Wielgoszewska, David Wilkinson
published in: Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2020, 36 (4), 836-854
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13286
Minimum Wage Analysis Using a Pre-Committed Research Design: Evidence through 2018
Jeffrey Clemens, Michael R. Strain
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13282
COVID-19, Stay-At-Home Orders and Employment: Evidence from CPS Data
Louis-Philippe Béland, Abel Brodeur, Taylor Wright
published as 'The Short-Term Economic Consequences of COVID-19: Exposure to Disease, Remote Work and Government Response' in: PLOS ONE, 2023, 18 (3), e0270341
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13267
Automation, Globalization and Vanishing Jobs: A Labor Market Sorting View
Ester Faia, Sébastien Laffitte, Maximilian Mayer, Gianmarco Ottaviano
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13260
Telework and Time Use in the United States
Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia, Victoria Vernon
published as 'Telework, Wages, and Time Use in the United States' in: Review of Economics of the Household, 2022, 20 (3), 687–734.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13259
Hit by the Silk Road: How Wage Coordination in Europe Mitigates the China Shock
Erling Barth, Henning Finseraas, Anders Kjelsrud, Karl Ove Moene
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13254
The Short-Term Economic Consequences of COVID-19: Occupation Tasks and Mental Health in Canada
Louis-Philippe Béland, Abel Brodeur, Derek Mikola, Taylor Wright
published in: Canadian Journal of Economics, 2022, 55 (51), 214-247
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13245
Employer Policies and the Immigrant-Native Earnings Gap
Benoit Dostie, Jiang Li, David Card, Daniel Parent
published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2023, 233 (2), 544-567.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13244
Wages, Hires, and Labor Market Concentration
Ioana E. Marinescu, Ivan Ouss, Louis-Daniel Pape
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2021, 184, 506 - 605
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13216
Gender-Specific Duration of Parental Leave and Current Earnings
Benedikt Gerst, Christian Grund
published in: Work, Employment & Society, 2023, 37, 215 - 235
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13212
Workforce Composition, Productivity and Pay: The Role of Firms in Wage Inequality
Chiara Criscuolo, Alexander Hijzen, Cyrille Schwellnus, Erling Barth, Wen-Hao Chen, Richard Fabling, Priscilla Fialho, Katarzyna Grabska, Ryo Kambayashi, Timo Leidecker, Oskar Nordström Skans, Capucine Riom, Duncan H.W. Roth, Balazs Stadler, Richard Upward, Wouter Zwysen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13212
Workforce Composition, Productivity and Pay: The Role of Firms in Wage Inequality
Chiara Criscuolo, Alexander Hijzen, Cyrille Schwellnus, Erling Barth, Wen-Hao Chen, Richard Fabling, Priscilla Fialho, Katarzyna Grabska, Ryo Kambayashi, Timo Leidecker, Oskar Nordström Skans, Capucine Riom, Duncan H.W. Roth, Balazs Stadler, Richard Upward, Wouter Zwysen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13185
The Long Run Earnings Effects of a Credit Market Disruption
Effrosyni Adamopoulou, Marta De Philippis, Enrico Sette, Eliana Viviano
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13175
Wage Differentials, Bargaining Protocols, and Trade Unionism in Mid-Twentieth Century American Labor Markets
John H. Pencavel
published in: ILR Review, 2022, 75 (1), 139 - 167.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13159
The Short-Term Economic Consequences of COVID-19: Exposure to Disease, Remote Work and Government Response
Louis-Philippe Béland, Abel Brodeur, Taylor Wright
published in: PLOS ONE, 2023, 18 (3), e0270341
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13142
Labor Demand in the Past, Present, and Future
Georg Graetz
published in: Journal of Public Economics Plus, 2021, 2, 00007
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13086
Jumping the Queue: Nepotism and Public-Sector Pay
Andri Chassamboulli, Pedro Maia Gomes
published in: Review of Economic Dynamics, 2017, 142, 331-347
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13062
Effects of Recent Minimum Wage Policies in California and Nationwide: Initial Results from a Pre-specified Analysis Plan
David Neumark, Maysen Yen
published in: Industrial Relations, 2022, 61 (2), 228-255
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13042
Public-Sector Compensation over the Life Cycle
Pedro Maia Gomes, Felix Wellschmied
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13041
Short and Long-Run Labor Market Effects of Developing Country Exports: Evidence from Bangladesh
Raymond Robertson, Deeksha Kokas, Diego Cardozo Medeiros, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13040
Wage Gains from Foreign Ownership: Evidence from Linked Employer-Employee Data
János Köllő, István Boza, László Balázsi
published in: Journal for Labor Market Research, 2021, 55, 3 (2021)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13040
Wage Gains from Foreign Ownership: Evidence from Linked Employer-Employee Data
János Köllő, István Boza, László Balázsi
published in: Journal for Labor Market Research, 2021, 55, 3 (2021)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13037
Employment Effects of Payroll Tax Subsidies
Kamila Cygan-Rehm, Regina T. Riphahn
published in: Small Business Economics, 2021, 57 (3), 1201-1219
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13033
Does Working at a Start-Up Pay Off?
Daniel Fackler, Lisa Hölscher, Claus Schnabel, Antje Weyh
published in: Small Business Economics, 2022, 58 (4), 2211-2233
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13008
Buy Flexible, Pay More: The Role of Temporary Contracts on Wage Inequality
Andrea Albanese, Giovanni Gallo
published in: Labour Economics 2020, 64, 101814
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13003
Wage Inequality in Germany after the Minimum Wage Introduction
Mario Bossler, Thorsten Schank
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2023, 41 (3), 813 - 857
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13003
Wage Inequality in Germany after the Minimum Wage Introduction
Mario Bossler, Thorsten Schank
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2023, 41 (3), 813 - 857
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12973
The Rise of American Minimum Wages, 1912-1968
Price Fishback, Andrew Seltzer
published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2021, 35 (1), 73 - 96
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12951
The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Firms' Product and Labor Market Power
Sabien Dobbelaere, Quint Wiersma
published in: Industrial and Corporate Change, 2025, 34 (1), 210 - 233
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12951
The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Firms' Product and Labor Market Power
Sabien Dobbelaere, Quint Wiersma
published in: Industrial and Corporate Change, 2025, 34 (1), 210 - 233
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12936
Financial Constraints and Small and Medium Enterprises: A Review
Sasan Bakhtiari, Robert Breunig, Elisabetta Magnani, Yinjunjie (Jacquelyn) Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12935
Parental Leave Reform and Long-Run Earnings of Mothers
Corinna Frodermann, Katharina Wrohlich, Aline Zucco
revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 80, 102296
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12914
The Impact of a Minimum Wage Change on the Distribution of Wages and Household Income
Paul Redmond, Karina Doorley, Seamus McGuinness
published in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2021, 73 (3),1034 - 1056
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12914
The Impact of a Minimum Wage Change on the Distribution of Wages and Household Income
Paul Redmond, Karina Doorley, Seamus McGuinness
published in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2021, 73 (3),1034 - 1056
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12912
The Effect of Unfair Chances and Gender Discrimination on Labor Supply
Nickolas Gagnon, Kristof Bosmans, Arno Riedl
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12885
Building Bridges and Widening Gaps: Wage Gains and Equity Concerns of Labor Market Expansions
Aline Bütikofer, Katrine Vellesen Loken, Alexander Willén
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12884
Minimum Wage Non-Compliance: Evidence from Ireland
Seamus McGuinness, Paul Redmond, Judith M. Delaney
published as 'Minimum Wage Non-Compliance' in: Applied Economics Letters, 2020, 27 (20), 1663 - 1666
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12874
The Wage Premium of Communist Party Membership: Evidence from China
Hongjian Wang, Plamen Nikolov, Kevin Acker
published in: Pacific Economic Review, 2020, 25 (3), 309 - 338
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12871
Public Employment Redux
Pietro Garibaldi, Pedro Maia Gomes, Thepthida Sopraseuth
published in: Journal of Government and Economics, 2021, 1, 100003
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12859
Selection into Employment and the Gender Wage Gap across the Distribution and over Time
Patricia Gallego Granados, Katharina Wrohlich
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12806
Urban Wage Premia, Cost of Living, and Collective Bargaining
Marianna Belloc, Paolo Naticchioni, Claudia Vittori
published in: Journal of Economic Geography, 2023, 23 (1), 25–50.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12806
Urban Wage Premia, Cost of Living, and Collective Bargaining
Marianna Belloc, Paolo Naticchioni, Claudia Vittori
published in: Journal of Economic Geography, 2023, 23 (1), 25–50.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12793
Direct and Indirect Effects of Subsidized Dual Apprenticeships
Bruno Crépon, Patrick Premand
published online in: Review of Economic Studies, rdae094, 10 October 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12786
Revisiting Union Wage and Job Loss Effects Using the Displaced Worker Surveys
Abhir Kulkarni, Barry Hirsch
published in: ILR Review, 2021, 74 (4), 948-976
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