The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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342 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18147
Covariate Balancing and the Equivalence of Weighting and Doubly Robust Estimators of Average Treatment Effects
Tymon Sloczynski, Derya Uysal, Jeffrey M. Wooldridge
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18069
Antidepressant Treatment in Childhood
Sonia R. Bhalotra, N. Meltem Daysal, Mircea Trandafir
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18054
Mine, Theirs or Ours? A Multi-Country Experiment on Citizens’ Motivations to Invest in Mental Health
Pierluigi Conzo, Marina Della Giusta, Florent Dubois, Giacomo Rosso, Giovanni Razzu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18039
The Wished-For Children: Do Mothers Carry the Burden While Fathers Reap the Joy?
Mathias Huebener, Reto Odermatt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17905
Advising Job Seekers in Occupations with Poor Prospects: A Field Experiment
Michèle Belot, Bart K. de Koning, Didier Fouarge, Philipp Kircher, Paul Muller, Sandra Philippen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17889
Adjusters and Casualties: The Anatomy of Labor Market Displacement
Eric A. Hanushek, Simon Janssen, Jacob D. Light, Lisa Simon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17807
Gender, Perceived Discrimination and the Overruling of Roe v. Wade
Núria Rodríguez-Planas, Alan Secor
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17805
Quantifying the Internal Validity of Weighted Estimands
Alexandre Poirier, Tymon Sloczynski
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17650
Childhood Welfare Exposure and Economic Outcomes for Adult Daughters and Sons
Robert Paul Hartley, Carlos Lamarche, James P. Ziliak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17489
Biased Returns to Tenure: The Impact of Firm-Specific Shocks on Base and Non-base Earnings
Daniel Schaefer, Carl Singleton, Nikolaos Theodoropoulos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17409
Inequity in Child Mental Healthcare Use
Nicole Black, David W. Johnston, Michael A. Shields, Trong-Anh Trinh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17348
How Does Potential Unemployment Insurance Benefit Duration Affect Reemployment Timing and Wages?
Rahel Felder, Hanna Frings, Nikolas Mittag
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17264
Distribution Regression Difference-in-Differences
Iván Fernández-Val, Jonas Meier, Aico van Vuuren, Francis Vella
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17205
The Long-Term Human Capital and Health Impacts of a Pollution Reduction Programme
Nanna Fukushima, Stephanie von Hinke, Emil N. Sørensen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17192
Supply-Side Drug Policy, Polydrug Use, and the Economic Effects of Withdrawal Symptoms
Alexander Ahammer, Analisa Packham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16995
Biological, Behavioural and Spurious Selection on the Kidney Transplant Waitlist
Stephen Kastoryano
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16981
Do Empty Beds Cause Cesarean Deliveries?
Florian Bachner, Martin Halla, Gerald J. Pruckner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16868
A Simple Approach to Staggered Difference-in-Differences in the Presence of Spillovers
Mario Fiorini, Wooyong Lee, Gregor Pfeifer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16810
Do Medical Treatments Work for Work? Evidence from Breast Cancer Patients
N. Meltem Daysal, William N. Evans, Mikkel Hasse Pedersen, Mircea Trandafir
forthcoming in: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16780
Socioeconomic Inequality in Life Expectancy: Perception and Policy Demand
Lasse J. Jessen, Sebastian Koehne, Patrick Nüß, Jens Ruhose
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16649
The Impact of New Free Trade Agreements on Incumbent Firms and Workers
Harald Dale-Olsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16417
What If It Never Happened? Subjective Treatment Effects of a Negative Shock on Youth Labour Market Outcomes in Developing Countries
Marta Favara, Richard Freund, Marcello Perez-Alvarez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16378
The Short and Medium Term Effects of Full-Day Schooling on Learning and Maternal Labor Supply
Giulia Bovini, Niccolò Cattadori, Marta De Philippis, Paolo Sestito
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15852
Health Effects of Fuel Transitions in India: Evidence from Panel Data
Mehtabul Azam
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15799
A Complete Framework for Model-Free Difference-in-Differences Estimation
Daniel J. Henderson, Stefan Sperlich
published in: Foundations and Trends in Econometrics, 2023, 12 (3), 232-323
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15779
Investment Grants and Firms' Productivity: How Effective Is a Grant Booster Shot?
Fernando Alexandre, Miguel Chaves, Miguel Portela
published in: Small Business Economics, 2025, 64, 1601–1641
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15727
Doubly Robust Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects Using Inverse Probability Weighted Regression Adjustment
Tymon Sloczynski, Derya Uysal, Jeffrey M. Wooldridge
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15608
German Financial State Aid during COVID-19 Pandemic: Higher Impact among Digitalized Self-Employed
Irene Bertschek, Jörn Block, Alexander S. Kritikos, Caroline Stiel
published in: Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2024, 36 (1–2), 76–97
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15580
Effect or Treatment Heterogeneity? Policy Evaluation with Aggregated and Disaggregated Treatments
Phillip Heiler, Michael C. Knaus
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15580
Effect or Treatment Heterogeneity? Policy Evaluation with Aggregated and Disaggregated Treatments
Phillip Heiler, Michael C. Knaus
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15493
Too Healthy to Fall Sick? Longevity Expectations and Protective Health Behaviours during the First Wave of COVID-19
Martina Celidoni, Joan Costa-Font, Luca Salmasi
published in: Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organisation, 2022, 202, 733 - 745
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15491
Information and Communication Technology, Hierarchy, and Job Design
Elisa Gerten, Michael Beckmann, Matthias Kräkel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15427
Identifying Program Benefits When Participation Is Misreported
Denni Tommasi, Lina Zhang
published in: Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2024, 39 (6), 1123-1148
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15314
Regime and Treatment Effects in Duration Models: Decomposing Expectation and Transplant Effects on the Kidney Waitlist
Stephen Kastoryano
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15249
Who Wins and Who Loses from State Subsidies?
Jun Du, Sourafel Girma, Holger Görg, Ignat Stepanok
published in: Canadian Journal of Economics, 2023, 56 (3), 1007-1031
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15241
Abadie's Kappa and Weighting Estimators of the Local Average Treatment Effect
Tymon Sloczynski, Derya Uysal, Jeffrey M. Wooldridge
published in: Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 2024, 43 (1), 164–177
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15159
Clustered Local Average Treatment Effects: Fields of Study and Academic Student Progress
Didier Nibbering, Matthijs Oosterveen, Pedro Luís Silva
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15159
Clustered Local Average Treatment Effects: Fields of Study and Academic Student Progress
Didier Nibbering, Matthijs Oosterveen, Pedro Luís Silva
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15151
Treatment Effect Heterogeneity
Jeffrey A. Smith
published in: Evaluation Review, 2022, 46 (5), 652 - 677
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15096
Improving the Availability of Unrelated Stem Cell Donors: Evidence from a Major Donor Registry
Michael Haylock, Patrick Kampkötter, Mario Macis, Jürgen Sauter, Susanne Seitz, Robert Slonim, Daniel Wiesen, Alexander H. Schmidt
published online in: American Journal of Health Economics, 2024.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15083
What's Another Day? The Effects of Wait Time for Substance Abuse Treatment on Health-Care Utilization, Employment and Crime
Jenny Williams, Anne Line Bretteville-Jensen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15081
Causality and Econometrics
James J. Heckman, Rodrigo Pinto
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15046
The Marginal Labor Supply Disincentives of Welfare: Evidence from Administrative Barriers to Participation
Robert A. Moffitt, Matthew V. Zahn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14998
Reducing Sexual-Orientation Discrimination: Experimental Evidence from Basic Information Treatments
Cevat Giray Aksoy, Christopher S. Carpenter, Ralph De Haas, Mathias Dolls, Lisa Windsteiger
revised version published in: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2023, 42 (1), 35 - 59
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14966
The State of Hiring Discrimination: A Meta-Analysis of (Almost) All Recent Correspondence Experiments
Louis Lippens, Siel Vermeiren, Stijn Baert
revised version published in: European Economic Review, 2023, 151, 104315
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14940
Transparency of the Welfare System and Labor Market Outcomes of Unemployed Workers
Sofie Cairo, Robert Mahlstedt
substantially revised version published as 'The disparate effects of information provision: A field experiment on the work incentives of social welfare' in: Journal of Public Economics, 2023, 226, 104987
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14890
The Effects of Becoming a Physician on Prescription Drug Use and Mental Health Treatment
D. Mark Anderson, Ron Diris, Raymond Montizaan, Daniel I. Rees
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2023, 91, 102774.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14808
The Value of Sick Pay
Abi Adams-Prassl, Teodora Boneva, Marta Golin, Christopher Rauh
published in: European Economic Review, 2023, 151, 104314
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14659
The Use of Quantile Methods in Economic History
Damian Clarke, Manuel Llorca-Jaña, Daniel Pailañir
published in: Historical Methods, 2023, 56 (2), 115-132
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14612
The Economic Costs of Child Maltreatment in UK
Gabriella Conti, Elena Pizzo, Stephen Morris, Mariya Melnychuk
published in: Health Economics, 2021, 30 (12), 3087 - 3105
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14486
Active Labour Market Policies for the Long-Term Unemployed: New Evidence from Causal Machine Learning
Daniel Goller, Tamara Harrer, Michael Lechner, Joachim Wolff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14428
Identifying Marginal Treatment Effects in the Presence of Sample Selection
Otávio Bartalotti, Désiré Kédagni, Vítor Augusto Possebom
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14349
When Should We (Not) Interpret Linear IV Estimands as LATE?
Tymon Sloczynski
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14349
When Should We (Not) Interpret Linear IV Estimands as LATE?
Tymon Sloczynski
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14167
Selection and Endogenous Treatment Models with Social Interactions: An Application to the Impact of Exercise on Self-Esteem
Zhongjian Lin, Francis Vella
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14139
"Study Hard and Make Progress Every Day": Updates on Returns to Education in China
Jie Chen, Francesco Pastore
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14045
The Effects of Vietnam-Era Military Service on the Long-Term Health of Veterans: A Bounds Analysis
Xintong Wang, Carlos A. Flores, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14033
The Effects of Free Secondary School Track Choice: A Disaggregated Synthetic Control Approach
Aderonke Osikominu, Gregor Pfeifer, Kristina Strohmaier
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14033
The Effects of Free Secondary School Track Choice: A Disaggregated Synthetic Control Approach
Aderonke Osikominu, Gregor Pfeifer, Kristina Strohmaier
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13772
Long-Term Effects of Individual Placement and Support Services for Disability Benefits Recipients with Severe Mental Illnesses
Marloes De Graaf-Zijl, Marcel Spijkerman, Wim Zwinkels
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13727
Happy Pills? Mental Health Effects of the Dramatic Increase of Antidepressant Use
Giuliano Masiero, Sandro Steinbach
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13618
The Intergenerational Effects of Requiring Unemployment Benefit Recipients to Engage in Non-Search Activities
Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Sarah C. Dahmann, Anne C. Gielen
published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 91, 102644
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13598
Some Children Left Behind: Variation in the Effects of an Educational Intervention
Julie Buhl-Wiggers, Jason Kerwin, Juan S. Muñoz-Morales, Jeffrey A. Smith, Rebecca L. Thornton
published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2024, 234 (1-2), 105256
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13430
Bounding Program Benefits When Participation Is Misreported
Denni Tommasi, Lina Zhang
published in: Journal of Econometrics 2024, 238, (1), 105556
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13430
Bounding Program Benefits When Participation Is Misreported
Denni Tommasi, Lina Zhang
published in: Journal of Econometrics 2024, 238, (1), 105556
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13382
Marginal College Wage Premiums under Selection into Employment
Matthias Westphal, Daniel A. Kamhöfer, Hendrik Schmitz
published in: Economic Journal, 2022, 132 (646), 2231 - 2272
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13283
Interpreting OLS Estimands When Treatment Effects Are Heterogeneous: Smaller Groups Get Larger Weights
Tymon Sloczynski
published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2022, 104 (3), 501–509
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13101
Quantiles of the Gain Distribution of an Early Childhood Intervention
Erich Battistin, Carlos Lamarche, Enrico Rettore
published in: Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2024, 39 (6), 1045-1064
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13051
Double Machine Learning Based Program Evaluation under Unconfoundedness
Michael C. Knaus
published in: Econometrics Journal, 2022, 25 (3), 602-627
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13051
Double Machine Learning Based Program Evaluation under Unconfoundedness
Michael C. Knaus
published in: Econometrics Journal, 2022, 25 (3), 602-627
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13051
Double Machine Learning Based Program Evaluation under Unconfoundedness
Michael C. Knaus
published in: Econometrics Journal, 2022, 25 (3), 602-627
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13008
Buy Flexible, Pay More: The Role of Temporary Contracts on Wage Inequality
Andrea Albanese, Giovanni Gallo
published in: Labour Economics 2020, 64, 101814
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12875
Priority to Unemployed Immigrants? A Causal Machine Learning Evaluation of Training in Belgium
Bart Cockx, Michael Lechner, Joost Bollens
published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 80, 102306
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12839
Understanding Program Complementarities: Estimating the Dynamic Effects of a Training Program with Multiple Alternatives
Antonio Dalla-Zuanna, Kai Liu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12801
Wild Bootstrap for Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Designs: Obtaining Robust Bias-Corrected Confidence Intervals
Yang He, Otávio Bartalotti
published in: Econometrics Journal, 2020, 23 (2), 211–231
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12526
Does the Estimation of the Propensity Score by Machine Learning Improve Matching Estimation? The Case of Germany's Programmes for Long Term Unemployed
Daniel Goller, Michael Lechner, Andreas Moczall, Joachim Wolff
published in: Labour Economics, 2020, 65, 101855
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12470
Long-Run Effects of Dynamically Assigned Treatments: A New Methodology and an Evaluation of Training Effects on Earnings
Gerard J. van den Berg, Johan Vikström
published in: Econometrica, 2022, 90 (3), 1337-1354
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12470
Long-Run Effects of Dynamically Assigned Treatments: A New Methodology and an Evaluation of Training Effects on Earnings
Gerard J. van den Berg, Johan Vikström
published in: Econometrica, 2022, 90 (3), 1337-1354
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12363
Intergenerational and Intragenerational Externalities of the Perry Preschool Project
James J. Heckman, Ganesh Karapakula
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12363
Intergenerational and Intragenerational Externalities of the Perry Preschool Project
James J. Heckman, Ganesh Karapakula
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12362
The Perry Preschoolers at Late Midlife: A Study in Design-Specific Inference
James J. Heckman, Ganesh Karapakula
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12041
Average Gaps and Oaxaca's Blinder Decompositions: A Cautionary Tale about Regression Estimates of Racial Differences in Labor Market Outcomes
Tymon Sloczynski
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2020, 73 3), 705–729
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12040
Modified Causal Forests for Estimating Heterogeneous Causal Effects
Michael Lechner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12040
Modified Causal Forests for Estimating Heterogeneous Causal Effects
Michael Lechner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12040
Modified Causal Forests for Estimating Heterogeneous Causal Effects
Michael Lechner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12039
Machine Learning Estimation of Heterogeneous Causal Effects: Empirical Monte Carlo Evidence
Michael C. Knaus, Michael Lechner, Anthony Strittmatter
published in: Econometrics Journal, 2021, 24 (1), 134-161
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11963
Informing Employees in Small and Medium Sized Firms about Training: Results of a Randomized Field Experiment
Gerard J. van den Berg, Christine Dauth, Pia Homrighausen, Gesine Stephan
revised version published in: Economic Inquiry, 2023, 61, 162-178.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11866
A General Weighted Average Representation of the Ordinary and Two-Stage Least Squares Estimands
Tymon Sloczynski
superseded by IZA Discussion Paper No. 13283
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11863
Distributional Impact Analysis: Toolkit and Illustrations of Impacts beyond the Average Treatment Effect
Guadalupe Bedoya, Luca Bittarello, Jonathan Davis, Nikolas Mittag
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11863
Distributional Impact Analysis: Toolkit and Illustrations of Impacts beyond the Average Treatment Effect
Guadalupe Bedoya, Luca Bittarello, Jonathan Davis, Nikolas Mittag
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11862
Mostly Harmless Simulations? On the Internal Validity of Empirical Monte Carlo Studies
Arun Advani, Toru Kitagawa, Tymon Sloczynski
published as 'Mostly Harmless Simulations? Using Monte Carlo Studies for Estimator Selection' in: Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2019, 34(6), 893–910
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11688
Who Benefits from Universal Child Care? Estimating Marginal Returns to Early Child Care Attendance
Thomas Cornelissen, Christian Dustmann, Anna Raute, Uta Schönberg
published in: Journal of Political Economy, 2018, 126 (6), 2356–2409
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11651
Public R&D Support and Firms' Performance: A Panel Data Study
Øivind Anti Nilsen, Arvid Raknerud, Diana-Cristina Iancu
published as 'Public R&D support and firm performance: A multivariate dose-response analysis' in: Research Policy, 2020, 49 (7), 104067.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11648
Was Higher Education a Major Channel through which the US Became an Economic Superpower in the 20th Century?
Adam Cook, Isaac Ehrlich
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11560
Regression Discontinuity and Heteroskedasticity Robust Standard Errors: Evidence from a Fixed-Bandwidth Approximation
Otávio Bartalotti
published in: Journal of Econometric Methods, 2019, 8 (1), 20160007.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11546
Learning Hope and Optimism: Classmate Experiences and Adolescent Development
Jason M. Fletcher, Jin Ho Kim
published in: Applied Economics Letters, 2019, 26 (5), 409-412
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11485
The Impact of Language on Socioeconomic Integration of Immigrants
Aslan Zorlu, Joop Hartog
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11426
On the Estimation of Treatment Effects with Endogenous Misreporting
Pierre Nguimkeu, Augustine Denteh, Rusty Tchernis
published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2019, 208 (2), 487 - 506
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11391
A Path Out: Prescription Drug Abuse, Treatment, and Suicide
Mark Borgschulte, Adriana Corredor-Waldron, Guillermo Marshall
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2018, 149, 169 - 184
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11340
Distributional Effects of Welfare Reform for Young Adults: An Unconditional Quantile Regression Approach
Øystein Hernaes
published in: Labour Economics, 2020, 65, 101818
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