The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising over 14,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics. 

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108 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15265
Mother Africa's Exceptionalism? Income and Fertility Redux
Mark Gradstein, Phoebe W. Ishak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15263
Automated Chat Application Surveys Using Whatsapp: Evidence from Panel Surveys and a Mode Experiment
Jennifer Fei, Jessica Sadye Wolff, Michael Hotard, Hannah Ingham, Saurabh Khanna, Duncan Lawrence, Beza Tesfaye, Jeremy Weinstein, Vasil Yasenov, Jens Hainmueller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15228
A Comparative Perspective on Long-Term Care Systems
Rainer Kotschy, David E. Bloom
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15175
The Determinants of Population Self-Control
Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Sarah C. Dahmann, Daniel A. Kamhöfer, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15162
The Occupations of Free Women and Substitution with Enslaved Workers in the Antebellum United States
Barry R. Chiswick, RaeAnn Halenda Robinson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14515
Foundations of Utilitarianism under Risk and Variable Population
Dean Spears, Stéphane Zuber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14389
Population Aging and Migration
Panu Poutvaara
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14222
A Soul's View of the Optimal Population Problem
David de la Croix, Matthias Doepke
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14187
Uneven Recovery from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Post-lockdown Human Mobility Across Chinese Cities
Yanyan Liu, Shuang Ma, Ren Mu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13949
Elderly's Mobility to and from Work in the US: Metropolitan Status and Population Size
J. Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina, Jorge Velilla
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13939
How Effective are Matching Schemes in Enticing Low-income Earners to Save More for Retirement? Evidence from a National Scheme
Marc K. Chan, Cain Polidano, Ha Vu, Roger Wilkins, Andrew Carter, Hang To
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13736
Borderline Disorder: (De Facto) Historical Ethnic Borders and Contemporary Conflict in Africa
Emilio Depetris-Chauvin, Ömer Özak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13538
Divergence in Labour Force Growth: Should Wages and Prices Grow Faster in Germany?
Thomas Beissinger, Joël Hellier, Martyna Marczak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13530
Positive Health Externalities of Mandating Paid Sick Leave
Stefan Pichler, Katherine Wen, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
forthcoming in: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13509
Reconciling Occupational Mobility in the Current Population Survey
Christian vom Lehn, Cache Ellsworth, Zachary Kroff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13472
Measuring Employer-to-Employer Reallocation
Shigeru Fujita, Giuseppe Moscarini, Fabien Postel-Vinay
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13350
The CPS Citizenship Question and Survey Refusals: Causal and Semi-Causal Evidence Featuring a Two-Stage Regression Discontinuity Design
Robert Bernhardt, Phanindra V. Wunnava
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13262
Were Urban Cowboys Enough to Control COVID-19? Local Shelter-In-Place Orders and Coronavirus Case Growth
Dhaval M. Dave, Andrew I. Friedson, Kyutaro Matsuzawa, Joseph J. Sabia, Samuel Safford
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13057
Comparing Distributions of Ordinal Data
Stephen P. Jenkins
published in: The Stata Journal, 2020, 20 (3), 505–531
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12760
The Wife's Protector: A Quantitative Theory Linking Contraceptive Technology with the Decline in Marriage
Jeremy Greenwood, Nezih Guner, Karen A. Kopecky
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12668
Why Variable-Population Social Orderings Cannot Escape the Repugnant Conclusion: Proofs and Implications
Dean Spears, Mark Budolfson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12668
Why Variable-Population Social Orderings Cannot Escape the Repugnant Conclusion: Proofs and Implications
Dean Spears, Mark Budolfson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12640
Climate Change, Migration and Voice: An Explanation for the Immobility Paradox
Michel Beine, Ilan Noy, Christopher Parsons
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12575
Missing Data in Imputed Highest Grade Completed in the 2015 -2018 NBER CPS Extracts
Joni Hersch, Fernando Mendoza Lopez, Jennifer Bennett Shinall
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12561
Institutional Responses to Aging Populations and Economic Growth: A Panel Data Approach
Patrick M. Emerson, Shawn D. Knabb, Anca-Ioana Sirbu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12537
The Asymmetry of Population Ethics: Experimental Social Choice and Dual-Process Moral Reasoning
Dean Spears
forthcoming in: Economics and Philosophy, 2019
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12442
Samuelson's Contributions to Population Theory and Overlapping Generations in Economics
Ronald D. Lee
forthcoming in: a Palgrave volume on Paul Samuelson, Paul Samuelson Master of Modern Economics, edited by Robert Cord
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12442
Samuelson's Contributions to Population Theory and Overlapping Generations in Economics
Ronald D. Lee
forthcoming in: a Palgrave volume on Paul Samuelson, Paul Samuelson Master of Modern Economics, edited by Robert Cord
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12368
Who Is in Favor of Immigration
Gil S. Epstein, Shirit Katav-Herz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12265
Population Aging, Age Discrimination, and Age Discrimination Protections at the 50th Anniversary of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Patrick Button
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12130
Immigration and Preferences for Redistribution in Europe
Alberto Alesina, Elie Murard, Hillel Rapoport
published in: Journal of Economic Geography, 2021, lbab002
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11940
Health and Economic Growth: Reconciling the Micro and Macro Evidence
David E. Bloom, David Canning, Rainer Kotschy, Klaus Prettner, Johannes Schünemann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11830
Pension Strategies of Workers in a Country Getting Old before Getting Rich
Sonia Buchholtz, Jan Gaska, Marek Góra
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11554
The Origins of the Division of Labor in Pre-Modern Times
Emilio Depetris-Chauvin, Ömer Özak
published in: Journal of Economic Growth, 2020, Vol. 25(3), 297-340
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11510
Live Longer, Work Longer: The Changing Nature of the Labour Market for Older Workers in OECD Countries
John P. Martin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11487
Diversity and Conflict
Cemal Eren Arbatli, Quamrul Ashraf, Oded Galor, Marc Klemp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11077
Local Labor Markets and the Persistence of Population Shocks
Sebastian Till Braun, Anica Kramer, Michael Kvasnicka
forthcoming in: Journal of Economic Geography, 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11035
Long-Term Care in Latin America and the Caribbean? Theory and Policy Considerations
Martín Caruso Bloeck, Sebastian Galiani, Pablo Ibarrarán
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10690
More Pensioners, Less Income Inequality? The Impact of Changing Age Composition on Inequality in Big Cities and Elsewhere
Omoniyi Alimi, David C. Maré, Jacques Poot
published in: U. Blien, K. Kourtit, P. Nijkamp & R. Stough (eds.), Modelling Aging and Migration Effects on Spatial Labor Markets, Berlin: Springer Verlag, 2018
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10571
Nonprofit Wages: Theory and Evidence
Barry Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, Anne E. Preston
published in: Bruce Seaman and Dennis Young (eds.), Handbook of Research on Nonprofit Economics and Management, 2nd ed., Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2018, pp. 146-179
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10465
Fertility, Mortality and Environmental Policy
Ulla Lehmijoki, Tapio K. Palokangas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10329
The Gravity Model of Migration: The Successful Comeback of an Ageing Superstar in Regional Science
Jacques Poot, Omoniyi Alimi, Michael P. Cameron, David C. Maré
published in: Investigaciones Regionales - Journal of Regional Research, 2016, 36, 63-86
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10245
Rotation Group Bias in Measures of Multiple Job Holding
Barry Hirsch, John V. Winters
published in: Economics Letters, 2016, 147 (October), 160-163.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10216
Trajectories of Neighborhood Change: Spatial Patterns of Increasing Ethnic Diversity
Merle Zwiers, Maarten van Ham, David Manley
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10164
Demography of Global Aging
David E. Bloom, Elizabeth Mitgang, Benjamin Osher
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10163
The Global Demography of Aging: Facts, Explanations, Future
David E. Bloom, Dara Lee Luca
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10162
Population Aging in India: Facts, Issues, and Options
Arunika Agarwal, Alyssa Lubet, Elizabeth Mitgang, Sanjay Mohanty, David E. Bloom
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10160
Population Decline in Lithuania: Who Lives in Declining Regions and Who Leaves?
Rūta Ubarevičienė, Maarten van Ham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10095
The Long-lasting Shadow of the Allied Occupation of Austria on its Spatial Equilibrium
Christoph Eder, Martin Halla
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10037
Does Money Relieve Depression? Evidence from Social Pension Expansions in China
Xi Chen, Tianyu Wang, Susan Busch
published in: Social Science and Medicine, 2019, 220, 411-420.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10014
Impacts from Delaying Access to Retirement Benefits on Welfare Receipt and Expenditure: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Umut Oguzoglu, Cain Polidano, Ha Vu
published in: The Economic Record, vol. 96, No. 312, March, 2020, 65–86
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9668
Discouraged Immigrants and the Missing Pop in EPOP
Peter Norlander, Todd A. Sorensen
published as: "21st Century Slowdown: The Historic Nature of Recent Declines in the Growth of the Immigrant Population in the United States", Migration Letters, July 2018
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9599
Immigration, Human Capital Formation and Endogenous Economic Growth
Isaac Ehrlich, Jinyoung Kim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9553
Regression Discontinuity Designs Based on Population Thresholds: Pitfalls and Solutions
Andrew C. Eggers, Ronny Freier, Veronica Grembi, Tommaso Nannicini
published in: American Journal of Political Science, 2018, 62 (1), 210-229
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9338
A "Healthy Immigrant Effect" or a "Sick Immigrant Effect"? Selection and Policies Matter
Amelie F. Constant, Teresa García-Muñoz, Shoshana Neuman, Tzahi Neuman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9327
The Long Lasting Influenza: The Impact of Fetal Stress during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic on Socioeconomic Attainment and Health in Sweden 1968-2012
Tommy Bengtsson, Jonas Helgertz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9063
Who Is More Mobile in Response to Local Demand Shifts in China?
Dongdong Luo, Chunbing Xing
published as 'Population adjustments in response to local demand shifts in China' in: Journal of Housing Economics, 2016, 33, 101 - 114
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8966
Urbanization, Natural Amenities, and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from U.S. Counties
John V. Winters, Yu Li
published in: Urban Studies, 2017, 54 (8), 1956-1973
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8864
"Ain't No Rest for the Wicked": Population, Crime, and the 2013 Government Shutdown
Ricard Gil, Mario Macis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8781
Optimal Spatial Taxation: Are Big Cities Too Small?
Jan Eeckhout, Nezih Guner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8754
Micro and Macro Determinants of Health: Older Immigrants in Europe
Amelie F. Constant, Teresa García-Muñoz, Shoshana Neuman, Tzahi Neuman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8746
A Global Assessment of Human Capital Mobility: The Role of Non-OECD Destinations
Erhan Artuc, Frédéric Docquier, Caglar Ozden, Christopher Parsons
published in: World Development, 2015, 65, 6–26
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8261
The Power of the Little Blue Pill: Innovations and Implications of Life Style Drugs in an Aging Population
Jacob LaRiviere, Hendrik Wolff
published in: Economic Inquiry, 2015, 53(1), 540-556
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8229
Teenage Pregnancies and Births in Germany: Patterns and Developments
Kamila Cygan-Rehm, Regina T. Riphahn
published in: Applied Economics, 2014, 46(28), 3503-3522
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8197
Cohort Size and Youth Employment Outcomes
David Newhouse, Claudia Wolff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8054
Land Reforms, Status and Population Growth
Ulla Lehmijoki, Tapio K. Palokangas
revised version published as 'Landowning, Status and Population Growth' in: E. Moser et al. (eds.), Dynamic Optimization in Environmental Economics, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 2014, 315 - 328; extended and more advanced version "Land Reforms and Population Growth" published in Portuguese Economic Journal, 2016, 15, 1-15; all versions co-authored with Ulla Lehmijoki
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8026
Shrinking Regions in a Shrinking Country: The Geography of Population Decline in Lithuania 2001-2011
Rūta Ubarevičienė, Maarten van Ham, Donatas Burneika
published in: Urban Studies Research, 2106, Article 5395379 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5395379)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7931
Labor Market Effects of Sports and Exercise: Evidence from Canadian Panel Data
Michael Lechner, Nazmi Sari
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7928
Equilibrium Health Spending and Population Aging in a Model of Endogenous Growth: Will the GDP Share of Health Spending Keep Rising?
Isaac Ehrlich, Yong Yin
revised version published in: Journal of Human Capital, 7(4), 411-447
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7571
A Provocative Perspective on Population Aging and Old-Age Financial Protection
Robert Holzmann
published in: Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies 2013 50 (2): 107-137. Updated and revised Chinese translation in 劳动经济研究 (Studies in Labor Economics, Vol. 2, No. 4, 2014: 21-52, Chinese Academy of Social Science)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7422
Income and Population Growth
Markus Brückner, Hannes Schwandt
Economic Journal, December 2015, Vol. 124 (589): 1653-1676
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6800
Global Pension Systems and Their Reform: Worldwide Drivers, Trends, and Challenges
Robert Holzmann
published in: International Social Security Review 2013, 66(2): 1-29
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6668
The Impact of Population Ageing on House Prices: A Micro-simulation Approach
Yu Chen, Kenneth D. Gibb, Chris Leishman, Robert E. Wright
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6612
The Labor/Land Ratio and India's Caste System
Harriet Duleep
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6527
Declining Fertility and Economic Well-Being: Do Education and Health Ride to the Rescue?
Klaus Prettner, David E. Bloom, Holger Strulik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6330
The "Out of Africa" Hypothesis, Human Genetic Diversity, and Comparative Economic Development
Quamrul Ashraf, Oded Galor
published in: American Economic Review, 2013, 103 (1), 1-46
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6188
Demographic Divide and Labor Migration in the Euro-Mediterranean Region
Mehmet S. Tosun
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6169
Migration, Openness and the Global Preconditions of 'Smart Development'
Arno Tausch, Almas Heshmati
published in: Boğaziçi Journal Review of Social, Economic and Administrative Studies, 2012, 26 (2), 27-89.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6088
The Labor Supply and Retirement Behavior of China's Older Workers and Elderly in Comparative Perspective
John T. Giles, Dewen Wang, Wei Cai
published in: M. Majmundar and J. Smith (eds.), Aging in Asia: Findings from New and Emerging Data Initiatives, Washington, DC,The National Academies Press, 2012
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5576
The Impact of Amnesty on Labor Market Outcomes: A Panel Study Using the Legalized Population Survey
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Cynthia Bansak
Industrial Relations, 2011, 50 (3), 443-471.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5422
The Long-Run Effects of Mortality Decline in Developing Countries
Ulla Lehmijoki, Tapio K. Palokangas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5224
On Population Structure and Marriage Dynamics
Eugenio Giolito
published in: B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics: Advances in Macroeconomics, 2010, 10 (1), Article 33
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5134
Foreign Labour Migration and the Economic Crisis in the EU: Ongoing and Remaining Issues of the Migrant Workforce in Germany
Anna Myunghee Kim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5057
Misclassification Errors and the Underestimation of U.S. Unemployment Rates
Shuaizhang Feng, Yingyao Hu
published in: American Economic Review, 2013, 103 (2), 1054-70
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4574
The Impact of Local Decentralization on Economic Growth: Evidence from U.S. Counties
George W. Hammond, Mehmet S. Tosun
published in: Journal of Regional Science, 2010, 20 (10), 1-18
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4479
Eliciting Individual Preferences for Pension Reform
Yosr Abid Fourati, Cathal O'Donoghue
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4204
Childcare, Eldercare, and Labor Force Participation of Married Women in Urban China: 1982 - 2000
Margaret Maurer-Fazio, Rachel Connelly, Chen Lan, Lixin Tang
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2011, 46 (2), 261 - 294
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4179
Optimal Family Policy in the Presence of Moral Hazard, When the Quantity and Quality of Children Are Stochastic
Alessandro Cigno, Annalisa Luporini
published in: CESifo Economic Studies, 2011, 57 (2), 349-364
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4166
Global Aging and Fiscal Policy with International Labor Mobility: A Political Economy Perspective
Mehmet S. Tosun
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4161
Population Aging, Elderly Migration and Education Spending: Intergenerational Conflict Revisited
Mehmet S. Tosun, Claudia R. Williamson, Pavel Yakovlev
published in: Public Budgeting and Finance, 2012, 32 (2), 25-39
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4148
A Comparison and Decomposition of Reform-Era Labor Force Participation Rates of China's Ethnic Minorities and Han Majority
Margaret Maurer-Fazio, James W. Hughes, Dandan Zhang
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2010, 31 (2), 138-162
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4011
Measuring Inequality Using Censored Data: A Multiple Imputation Approach
Stephen P. Jenkins, Richard V. Burkhauser, Shuaizhang Feng, Jeff Larrimore
revised version published in: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (Statistics in Society), 2011, 174 (1), 63 - 81
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3778
City Beautiful
Gerald A. Carlino, Albert Saiz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3575
Does Fertility Respond to Financial Incentives?
Guy Laroque, Bernard Salanié
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3456
The Impact of Population Aging on the Labor Market: The Case of Sri Lanka
Milan Vodopivec, Nisha Arunatilake
published in: Journal of Population Ageing, 2011, 4 (3), 141-163
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3389
Entrepreneurial Innovation and Sustained Long-Run Growth without Weak or Strong Scale Effects
Volker Grossmann
published as "Entrepreneurial Innovation and Economic Growth" in: Journal of Macroeconomics, 2009, 31 (4), 602-613
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3331
Ethnic Networks and Employment Outcomes
Eleonora Patacchini, Yves Zenou
published online in: Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2012, 42, 938-949.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2852
Elite Dominance and Under-Investment in Mass Education: Disparity in the Social Development of the Indian States, 1960-92
Sarmistha Pal, Sugata Ghosh
published as 'Poverty, Elite Heterogeneity and the Allocation of Public Spending: Panel Evidence from the Indian States' in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2012, 58 (1), 51-78
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2839
Using the P90/P10 Index to Measure US Inequality Trends with Current Population Survey Data: A View from Inside the Census Bureau Vaults
Richard V. Burkhauser, Shuaizhang Feng, Stephen P. Jenkins
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2009, 55 (1), 166–185
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2815
Population Policies, Fertility, Women’s Human Capital, and Child Quality
T. Paul Schultz
published in: T. Paul Schultz and John Strauss (eds.), Handbook of Development Economics, Vol. 4, Amsterdam: North-Holland, Elsevier, 2008
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