The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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17,514 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16920
A Neglected Determinant of Eating Behaviors: Relative Age
Luca Fumarco, Sven A. Hartmann, Francesco Principe
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16919
The Impact of Hiring Costs for Skilled Workers on Apprenticeship Training: A Comparative Study
Manuel Aepli, Samuel Mühlemann, Harald Pfeifer, Jürg Schweri, Felix Wenzelmann, Stefan C. Wolter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16918
Gender Differences in Graduate Degree Choices
Judith M. Delaney, Paul J. Devereux
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16917
The Impact of Immigration on Firms and Workers: Insights from the H-1B Lottery
Parag Mahajan, Nicolas Morales, Kevin Y. Shih, Mingyu Chen, Agostina Brinatti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16916
Is the Scholarly Field of Entrepreneurship at Its End?
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16915
Application Barriers and the Socioeconomic Gap in Child Care Enrollment
Henning Hermes, Philipp Lergetporer, Frauke Peter, Simon Wiederhold
forthcoming in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16914
The Impact of Climate Change on Work Lessons for Developing Countries
Moustafa Feriga, Nancy Lozano Gracia, Pieter Serneels
published online in: World Bank Research Observer, 09 May 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16913
Overeducation, Overskilling and Job Satisfaction in Europe: The Moderating Role of Employment Contracts
Romina Giuliano, Benoît Mahy, François Rycx, Guillaume Vermeylen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16912
Mass Reproducibility and Replicability: A New Hope
Abel Brodeur, Derek Mikola, Nikolai Cook
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16911
On the Asymmetrical Sensitivity of the Distribution of Real Wages to Business Cycle Fluctuations
Rodrigo Barrela, Eduardo Costa, Pedro Portugal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16910
Small Children, Big Problems: Childbirth and Crime
Diogo Britto, Roberto Hsu Rocha, Paolo Pinotti, Breno Sampaio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16909
Food Coma Is Real: The Effect of Digestive Fatigue on Adolescents' Cognitive Performance
Justine Hervé, Subha Mani, Jere R. Behrman, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Arindam Nandi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16908
Mom's Out: Employment after Childbirth and Firm-Level Responses
Francesca Carta, Alessandra Casarico, Marta De Philippis, Salvatore Lattanzio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16907
Well-Being throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: Gendered Effects of Daycare and School Closures
Mathias Huebener, Sevrin Waights, C. Katharina Spieß
forthcoming in: K. Couch (ed.): Handbook of Inequality and COVID-19
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16906
Did COVID-19 (Permanently) Raise the Demand for "Teleworkable" Jobs?
Massimiliano Bratti, I. Brunetti, A. Corvasce, Agata Maida, Andrea Ricci
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16905
Gini Who? The Relationship between Inequality Perceptions and Life Satisfaction
Daniele Marchesi, Milena Nikolova, Viola Angelini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16904
Combining Part-Time Work and Social Benefits: Empirical Evidence from Finland
Salla Kalin, Tomi Kyyrä, Tuomas Matikka
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16903
Application Flows
Steven J. Davis, Brenda Samaniego de la Parra
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16902
Equitable Use of Subsidized Child Care in Georgia
Thomas Goldring, David C. Ribar
published in: Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2025, 70 , 65-78
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16901
Parental and School Responses to Student Performance: Evidence from School Entry Rules
Peter Fredriksson, Björn Öckert, Lucas Tilley
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16900
Speeding Up on the Learning Curve: The Evaluation of Telework Following a Surge in Telework Experience
Eline Moens, Louis Lippens, Liam D'hert, Stijn Baert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16899
The Extent and Consequences of Teacher Biases against Immigrants
Ellen Sahlström, Mikko Silliman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16898
Bad Times, Bad Jobs? How Recessions Affect Early Career Trajectories
Parag Mahajan, Dhiren Patki, Heiko Stüber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16897
The Effects of Patient Cost-Sharing on Adolescents' Healthcare Utilization and Financial Risk Protection: Evidence from South Korea
Seonghoon Kim, Kanghyock Koh, Wonjun Lyou
published in: Economic Inquiry, 2024, 62 (3), 1009-1023.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16896
The Gender Division of Work across Countries
Charles Gottlieb, Cheryl Doss, Douglas Gollin, Markus Poschke
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16895
Heterogeneous Impacts of Trade Shocks on Workers
Patrick Arni, Peter Egger, Katharina Erhardt, Matthias Gubler, Philip Sauré
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16894
Using Post-Regularization Distribution Regression to Measure the Effects of a Minimum Wage on Hourly Wages, Hours Worked and Monthly Earnings
Martin Biewen, Pascal Erhardt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16893
Mafias and Firms
Jaime Arellano-Bover, Marco De Simoni, Luigi Guiso, Rocco Macchiavello, Domenico J. Marchetti, Mounu Prem
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16892
Country Statistical Capacity: A Recent Assessment Tool and Further Reflections on the Way Forward
Hai-Anh H Dang, Dean Jolliffe, Umar Serajuddin, Brian Stacy
published in: Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 2024, 40 (2), 211–225
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16891
Can Crises Affect Citizen Activism? Evidence from a Pandemic
Farzana Afridi, Ahana Basistha, Amrita Dhillon, Danila Serra
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16890
There and Back Again: Women's Marginal Commuting Costs
Annette Bergemann, Stephan Brunow, Isabel Stockton
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16889
Emissions from Military Training: Evidence from Australia
Wang-Sheng Lee, Trang My Tran
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16888
How Cyclical Is the User Cost of Labor?
Marianna Kudlyak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16887
Do Migrants Displace Native-Born Workers on the Labour Market? The Impact of Workers' Origin
Valentine Fays, Benoît Mahy, François Rycx
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16886
Does How You Get Paid at Work Affect Your Time off Work? The Relationship between Performance-Related Employment Contracts and Leisure Activities
Nicole Andelic, Julia Allan, Keith A. Bender, Daniel Powell, Ioannis Theodossiou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16885
Factory Automation, Labor Demand, and Local Labor Market
Daiji Kawaguchi, Tetsuji Okazaki, Xuanli Zhu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16884
Immigrant Key Workers: Their Contribution to Europe's COVID-19 Response
Francesco Fasani, Jacopo Mazza
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16883
The Use of Performance Appraisals and Employees' Presenteeism Behavior
Christian Grund, Anna Nießen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16882
Incentives to Comply with the Minimum Wage in the US and UK
Anna Stansbury
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16881
Daycare Enrollment Age and Child Development
Mette Gørtz, Vibeke Myrup Jensen, Sarah Sander
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16880
Access to Formal Childcare for Toddlers and Parental Employment and Earnings
Taiyo Fukai, Ayako Kondo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16879
Impact of Time of Diagnosis on Out-of-Pocket Costs of Cancer Treatment, a Side Effect of Health Insurance Design in Australia
Maryam Naghsh Nejad, Kees Van Gool
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16878
Life-Cycle Worker Flows and Cross-Country Differences in Aggregate Employment
Jonathan Créchet, Etienne Lalé, Linas Tarasonis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16877
Beliefs That Entertain
Ashvin Gandhi, Paola Giuliano, Eric Guan, Quinn Keefer, Chase McDonald, Michaela Pagel, Joshua Tasoff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16876
Complements or Substitutes? Examining the Relationship between Teamwork and Selection Intensity
Alberto Bayo-Moriones, Jose Enrique Galdon-Sanchez, Sara Martinez-de-Morentin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16875
Longer Working Hours and Maternal Mental Health: A Comparison of Single vs. Partnered Mothers
Julija Simpson, John Wildman, Clare Bambra, Heather Brown
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16874
Declining Earnings Inequality, Rising Income Inequality: What Explains Discordant Inequality Trends in the United States?
Lukas Lehner, Zachary Parolin, Nathan Wilmers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16873
An Optimal Allocation of Asylum Seekers
Oded Stark, Grzegorz Kosiorowski
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2024, 220, 1 - 11
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16872
Incentive Contracts Crowd Out Voluntary Cooperation: Evidence from Gift-Exchange Experiments
Simon Gächter, Esther Kaiser, Manfred Königstein
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16871
Child Penalties and the Gender Gap in Home Production and the Labor Market
Pim Koopmans, Max van Lent, Jim Been
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16870
Slouching Towards Decentralization. An Equilibrium Approach for Collective Bargaining.
Gabriele Cardullo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16869
The Anatomy of Chinese Innovation: Insights on Patent Quality and Ownership
Philipp Boeing, Loren Brandt, Ruochen Dai, Kevin Lim, Bettina Peters
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16868
A Simple Approach to Staggered Difference-in-Differences in the Presence of Spillovers
Mario Fiorini, Wooyong Lee, Gregor Pfeifer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16867
A Tale of the Tails: The Value of a Statistical Life at the Tails of the Age Distribution
Thomas J. Kniesner, W. Kip Viscusi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16866
Artificial Intelligence Capital and Employment Prospects
Nick Drydakis
published online in: Oxford Economic Papers, 22 March 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16865
The Missing Type: Where Are the Inequality Averse (Students)?
Thomas Epper, Julien Senn, Ernst Fehr
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16864
Schooling and Self-Control
Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Sarah C. Dahmann, Daniel A. Kamhöfer, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16863
Still Waters Run Deep: Groundwater Contamination and Education Outcomes in India
Khushboo Aggarwal, Rashmi Barua, Marian Vidal-Fernandez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16862
Hometown Conflict and Refugees' Integration Efforts
Cevat Giray Aksoy, Gaurav Khanna, Victoria Marino, Semih Tumen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16861
Evaluating and Pricing Health Insurance in Lower-Income Countries: A Field Experiment in India
Anup Malani, Cynthia Kinnan, Gabriella Conti, Kosuke Imai, Morgen Miller, Shailender Swaminathan, Alessandra Voena, Bartek Woda
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16860
Gender Disparities in Inflation during the Cost-of-Living Crisis in Europe: A Novel Decomposition
Denisa Maria Sologon, Karina Doorley, Cathal O'Donoghue
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16859
College Course Shutouts
Kevin J. Mumford, Richard Patterson, Anthony Yim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16858
The Consequences of Miscarriage on Parental Investments
Aline Bütikofer, Deirdre Coy, Orla Doyle, Rita Ginja
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16857
All That Glitters? Golden Visas and Real Estate
João Pereira dos Santos, Kristina Strohmaier
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16856
A Note on Sen's Representation of the Gini Coefficient: Revision and Repercussions
Oded Stark
published online in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 09 February 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16855
Working from Home Increases Work-Home Distances
Sena Coskun, Wolfgang Dauth, Hermann Gartner, Michael Stops, Enzo Weber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16854
Trend in Energy Intensity and Carbon Performance in North Africa
Grakolet Gourene, Samia Mansour Hamouda, Zuzana Brixiova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16853
What Works? Interventions Aimed At Reducing Student Dropout in Higher Education
Kristoffer Ibsen, Michael Rosholm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16852
Gender Difference in Household Consumption: Some Convergence over Three Decades
Cathal O'Donoghue, Karina Doorley, Denisa Maria Sologon
published in: Economic and Social Review, 2024, 55(3), 357-386
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16851
School Starting Age and the Social Gradient in Educational Outcomes
Yuejun Zhao, Simen Markussen, Knut Røed
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16850
Is Intent to Migrate Irregularly Responsive to Recent German Asylum Policy Adjustments?
Bernd Beber, Cara Ebert, Maximiliane Sievert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16849
Labour Market Disadvantages of Citizens with a Migration Background in Belgium: A Systematic Review
Louise Devos, Louis Lippens, Dries Lens, François Rycx, Mélanie Volral, Stijn Baert
forthcoming in: De Economist, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16848
Sick of Working from Home?
Dominique Goux, Eric Maurin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16847
Peer Creativity and Academic Achievement
Max van Lent
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16846
A Minimum Wage May Increase Exports and Firm Size Even with a Competitive Labor Market
Eliav Danziger, Leif Danziger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16845
Do Recruiters Penalize Men Who Prefer Low Hours? Evidence from Online Labor Market Data
Daniel Kopp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16844
Medicare Austerity Reforms and Patient Out-of-Pocket Costs: The Experience from Australian Cancer Patients
Maryam Naghsh Nejad, Kees Van Gool, Philip Haywood, Jane Hall
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16843
Parental Leave, Worker Substitutability, and Firms' Employment
Mathias Huebener, Jonas Jessen, Daniel Kühnle, Michael Oberfichtner
this paper is an updated version of IZA DP 14478
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16842
How China's "Later, Longer, Fewer" Campaign Extends Life Expectancy: A Study of Intergenerational Support for Elderly Parents
Cynthia Bansak, Eva Dziadula, Sophie Xuefei Wang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16841
What Mattered Most in the Brexit Vote? Evidence from Detailed Regression and Decomposition Analysis
Stephen Drinkwater, David H. Blackaby, Catherine Robinson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16840
Competitive Job Seekers: When Sharing Less Leaves Firms at a Loss
Gaurav Chiplunkar, Erin Kelley, Gregory Lane
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16839
Talking Therapy: Impacts of a Nationwide Mental Health Service in England
Ekaterina Oparina, Christian Krekel, Sorawoot Srisuma
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16838
Healthcare Quality and Dementia Risk
José M. Aravena, Xi Chen, Becca R. Levy
published online as 'Association between experiencing low healthcare quality and developing dementia' in: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 28 February 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16837
Labor Demand on a Tight Leash
Mario Bossler, Martin Popp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16836
Strategic Behaviours in a Labour Market with Mobility-Restricting Contractual Provisions: Evidence from the National Hockey League
Luca Fumarco, Neil Longley, Alberto Palermo, Giambattista Rossi
revised version published online in: Oxford Economic Papers, 27 March 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16835
Regulating Manufacturing FDI: Local Labor Market Responses to a Protectionist Policy in Indonesia
Esther Gehrke, Robert Genthner, Krisztina Kis-Katos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16834
Do Economic Preferences of Children Predict Behavior?
Laura Breitkopf, Shyamal Chowdhury, Shambhavi Priyam, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch, Matthias Sutter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16833
Moving Out of the Comfort Zone: How Cultural Norms Affect Attitudes toward Immigration
Yvonne Giesing, Björn Kauder, Lukas Mergele, Niklas Potrafke, Panu Poutvaara
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16832
Volatility Spillover between Oil Prices and Main Exchange Rates: Evidence from a DCC-GARCH-Connectedness Approach
Leila Ben Salem, Montassar Zayati, Ridha Nouira, Christophe Rault
revised version published inn: Resources Policy, 2024, 91, 104880
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16831
When Emotion Regulation Matters: The Efficacy of Socio-Emotional Learning to Address School-Based Violence in Central America
Lelys Dinarte Diaz, Pablo Egana-delSol, Claudia Martínez A., Cindy Rojas A.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16830
Peer Effects on Violence: Experimental Evidence from El Salvador
Lelys Dinarte Diaz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16829
Does Increasing Public Spending in Health Improve Health? Lessons from a Constitutional Reform in Brazil
Michel Szklo, Damian Clarke, Rudi Rocha
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16828
Refugees' Economic Integration and Firms
Matthew A. Cole, Liza Jabbour, Ceren Ozgen, Hiromi Yumoto
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16827
Does High Involvement Management Make You Work Longer? Insights from Linked Survey and Register Data
Petri Böckerman, Alex Bryson, Ilari Ilmakunnas, Pekka Ilmakunnas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16826
Intergenerational Mobility and Credit
John Carter Braxton, Nisha Chikhale, Kyle Herkenhoff, Gordon Phillips
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16825
Altruism, Human Capital and Environmental Preservation in a Globalized Economy
Stéphane Bouché, Leonor Modesto
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16824
Spatial Search
Xiaoming Cai, Pieter A. Gautier, Ronald P. Wolthoff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16823
Global Labor Market Power
Francesco Amodio, Emanuele Brancati, Peter Brummund, Nicolás de Roux, Michele Di Maio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16822
Simultaneous Search and Adverse Selection
Sarah Auster, Piero Gottardi, Ronald P. Wolthoff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16821
Alternative Models of Preference Heterogeneity for Elicited Choice Probabilities
Nathan Kettlewell, Matthew J. Walker, Hong Il Yoo
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