The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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1,396 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14250
Gender, Crime and Punishment: Evidence from Women Police Stations in India
Sofia Amaral, Sonia R. Bhalotra, Nishith Prakash
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14244
Gender Preferences in Central and Eastern Europe as Reflected in Partnership and Fertility Outcomes
Michal Myck, Monika Oczkowska, Izabela Wowczko
revised version published as 'Parental gender preferences in Central and Eastern Europe and differential early life disadvantages' in: Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, 2024, 32 (1), 237–263
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14239
Do You Really Want to Share Everything? The Wellbeing of Work-Linked Couples
Juliane Hennecke, Clemens Hetschko
published online in: Oxford Economic Papers, 16 September 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14238
COVID-19, Race, and Gender
Graziella Bertocchi, Arcangelo Dimico
published as 'JUE insight: COVID-19, race, and gender' in: Journal of Urban Economics, 2024, 141, 103484
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14225
Gender Norms and Domestic Abuse: Evidence From Australia
Yinjunjie (Jacquelyn) Zhang, Robert Breunig
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14223
From Mancession to Shecession: Women's Employment in Regular and Pandemic Recessions
Titan Alon, Sena Coskun, Matthias Doepke, David Koll, Michèle Tertilt
published in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 2022, 362022, 83–151
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14223
From Mancession to Shecession: Women's Employment in Regular and Pandemic Recessions
Titan Alon, Sena Coskun, Matthias Doepke, David Koll, Michèle Tertilt
published in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 2022, 362022, 83–151
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14219
The Impact of Gender Role Norms on Mothers' Labor Supply
Danilo Cavapozzi, Marco Francesconi, Cheti Nicoletti
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2021, 186, 113-134
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14216
Testing the Differential Impact of COVID-19 on Self-Employed Women and Men in the United Kingdom
Darja Reuschke, Andrew Henley, Elizabeth Daniel, Victoria Price
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14206
The Austrian Pay Transparency Law and the Gender Wage Gap
René Böheim, Sarah Gust
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14186
Gender Gaps in Latin American Labor Markets: Implications from an Estimated Search Model
Mauricio Tejada, Claudia Piras, Luca Flabbi, Monserrat Bustelo
published in: Annals of Economics and Statistics, 2021, 142, 2021, 111-178
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14177
The Gender Pay Gap in UK Medicine
Melanie K. Jones, Ezgi Kaya
published as 'The gender pay gap in medicine: evidence from Britain' in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2024, 76 (4), 1033 - 1051
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14174
Gender and Psychological Pressure in Competitive Environments
Alison L. Booth, Patrick J. Nolen
published in: Economica, 2022, 89 (S1), S71-S85
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14160
Gender and Industrialization: Developments and Trends in the Context of Developing Countries
Alina Sorgner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14156
Measuring Research Excellence Amongst Economics Lecturers in the UK
Richard McManus, Karen A. Mumford, Cristina Sechel
pubished in: Bulletin of Economic Research, 2022, 74 (2), 386 - 404
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14144
Gender Norm Conflict and Marital Outcomes
Francisca M. Antman, Priti Kalsi, Soohyung Lee
published in: Journal of Demographic Economics, 2021, 87 (4), 537 - 560
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14132
Gender Gaps in Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills: Roles of SES and Gender Attitudes
Justine Hervé, Subha Mani, Jere R. Behrman, Arindam Nandi, Anjana Sankhil Lamkang, Ramanan Laxminarayan
published as 'Gender gaps in cognitive and noncognitive skills among adolescents in India' in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2022, 193, 66 - 97
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14132
Gender Gaps in Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills: Roles of SES and Gender Attitudes
Justine Hervé, Subha Mani, Jere R. Behrman, Arindam Nandi, Anjana Sankhil Lamkang, Ramanan Laxminarayan
published as 'Gender gaps in cognitive and noncognitive skills among adolescents in India' in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2022, 193, 66 - 97
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14128
The Gender Pay Gap Revisited with Big Data: Do Methodological Choices Matter?
Anthony Strittmatter, Conny Wunsch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14128
The Gender Pay Gap Revisited with Big Data: Do Methodological Choices Matter?
Anthony Strittmatter, Conny Wunsch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14110
The Gender Wage Gap Among University Vice Chancellors in the UK
Ray Bachan, Alex Bryson
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 78, 102230
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14083
Breaking Gender Barriers: Experimental Evidence on Men in Pink-Collar Jobs
Alexia Delfino
published in: Amercian Economic Review, 2024, 114 (6), 1816 -1853
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14081
The Effect of Grandchildren on the Happiness of Grandparents: Does the Grandparent's Child's Gender Matter?
Eiji Yamamura, Giorgio Brunello
published in: Asian Economic Journal, 2023, 37 (2), 149 - 163
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14077
Adolescence Development and the Math Gender Gap
Cristina Borra, Maria Iacovou, Almudena Sevilla
published in: European Economic Review, 2023, 158, 104542
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14076
Sweet Unbinding: Sugarcane Cultivation and the Demise of Foot-Binding
Nora Cheng, Elliott Fan, Tsong-Min Wu
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2022, 157, 102876.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14074
Gender and Educational Achievement: Stylized Facts and Causal Evidence
Judith M. Delaney, Paul J. Devereux
published as: The Economics of Gender and Educational Achievement: Stylized Facts and Causal Evidence, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance, Oxford University Press, August 2021
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14074
Gender and Educational Achievement: Stylized Facts and Causal Evidence
Judith M. Delaney, Paul J. Devereux
published as: The Economics of Gender and Educational Achievement: Stylized Facts and Causal Evidence, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance, Oxford University Press, August 2021
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14074
Gender and Educational Achievement: Stylized Facts and Causal Evidence
Judith M. Delaney, Paul J. Devereux
published as: The Economics of Gender and Educational Achievement: Stylized Facts and Causal Evidence, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance, Oxford University Press, August 2021
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14074
Gender and Educational Achievement: Stylized Facts and Causal Evidence
Judith M. Delaney, Paul J. Devereux
published as: The Economics of Gender and Educational Achievement: Stylized Facts and Causal Evidence, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance, Oxford University Press, August 2021
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14072
Informed Choices: Gender Gaps in Career Advice
Yana Gallen, Melanie Wasserman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14069
Gender Match and the Gender Gap in Venture Capital Financing: Evidence from Shark Tank
Michael Jetter, Kieran Stockley
published as 'Gender match and negotiation: evidence from angel investment on Shark Tank' in: Empirical Economics, 2023, 64, 1947 - 1977
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14069
Gender Match and the Gender Gap in Venture Capital Financing: Evidence from Shark Tank
Michael Jetter, Kieran Stockley
published as 'Gender match and negotiation: evidence from angel investment on Shark Tank' in: Empirical Economics, 2023, 64, 1947 - 1977
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14027
When Opportunity Knocks: Confronting Theory and Empirics about Dynamics of Gender Wage Inequality
Joanna Tyrowicz, Lucas van der Velde
published in:Social Indicators Research, 2021, 155, 837 - 864
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14007
The Family Origin of the Math Gender Gap Is a White Affluent Phenomenon
Gaia Dossi, David N. Figlio, Paola Giuliano, Paola Sapienza
published in: AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2021, 111, 179 - 183
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13996
Is Son Preference Disappearing from Bangladesh?
Niaz Asadullah, Nazia Mansoor, Teresa Randazzo, Zaki Wahhaj
published in: World Development, 2021, 140, 105353
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13991
Gender Differences in Performance under Competition: Is There a Stereotype Threat Shadow?
Diogo Geraldes, Arno Riedl, Martin Strobel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13983
Bias and Discrimination: What Do We Know?
Marina Della Giusta, Steven J. Bosworth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13973
Gender Differences in College Applications: Aspiration and Risk Management
Judith M. Delaney, Paul J. Devereux
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2021, 80, 102077
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13968
High-Ability Influencers? The Heterogeneous Effects of Gifted Classmates
Simone Balestra, Aurélien Sallin, Stefan C. Wolter
published in: Journal of Human Resources 2023, 58 (2), 633-665;
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13956
Using Social Recognition to Address the Gender Difference in Volunteering for Low Promotability Tasks
Ritwik Banerjee, Priyoma Mustafi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13934
Gender Wage Gap - A Matching Analysis for Three MENA Countries: Egypt, Jordan and Turkey
Ömer Tuğsal Doruk, Francesco Pastore
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13922
The Gender Aspect of Immigrants' Assimilation in Europe
Taehoon Lee, Giovanni Peri, Martina Viarengo
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 78, 102180
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13916
The Effect of Gender and Gender Pairing on Bargaining: Evidence from an Artefactual Field Experiment
Ben D'Exelle, Christine Gutekunst, Arno Riedl
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2023, 205, 237-269
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13916
The Effect of Gender and Gender Pairing on Bargaining: Evidence from an Artefactual Field Experiment
Ben D'Exelle, Christine Gutekunst, Arno Riedl
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2023, 205, 237-269
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13911
The Labor Market Returns to 'First in Family' University Graduates
Anna Adamecz, Morag Henderson, Nikki Shure
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2023, 36, 1395–1429
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13907
What Is the Role of Firm-Specific Pay Policies on the Gender Earnings Gap in Canada?
Jiang Li, Benoit Dostie, Gaëlle Simard-Duplain
published as 'Firm Pay Policies and the Gender Earnings Gap: The Mediating Role of Marital and Family Status', in: ILR Review, 2023, 76 (1), 160-188
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13904
Gender Stereotypes Can Explain the Gender-Equality Paradox
Thomas Breda, Elyès Jouini, Clotilde Napp, Georgia Thebault
published in: PNAS, 2020, 117 (49), 31063-3106
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13891
The Gender of Debt and Credit: Insights from Rural Tamil Nadu
Isabelle Guérin, Christophe Jalil Nordman, Elena Reboul
published in: World Development, 2021, 146, 105363
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13877
Gender Economics: An Assessment
Almudena Sevilla
published in: Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2020, 36 (4), 725–742,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13877
Gender Economics: An Assessment
Almudena Sevilla
published in: Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2020, 36 (4), 725–742,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13871
The Effect of Manager Gender and Performance Feedback: Experimental Evidence from India
Martin Abel, Daniel Buchman
published in: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2024, 73 (1), 307–338
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13856
Gender Wage Gap and Firm Market Power: Evidence from Chile
Rafael Sánchez, Javier Finot, Mauricio G. Villena
published in: Applied Economics, 2021, 54 (18), 2109–2121.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13854
Finance, Gender, and Entrepreneurship: India's Informal Sector Firms
Ira N. Gang, Rajesh Raj Natarajan, Kunal Sen
published in: Journal of Development Studies, 2022, 58 (7), 1383-1402
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13852
Do Nominations Close the Gender Gap in Competition?
John Ifcher, Homa Zarghamee
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13843
Essential Work and Emergency Childcare: Identifying Gender Differences in COVID-19 Effects on Labour Demand and Supply
Jordy Meekes, Wolter Hassink, Guyonne Kalb
published in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2023, 75 (2), 393 - 417
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13826
Gender Bias in Agricultural Child Labor: Evidence from Survey Design Experiments
Jose C. Galdo, Ana C. Dammert, Degnet Abebaw
published in: World Bank Economic Review, 2021, 35 (4), 872-892
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13824
Gender Inequality during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Income, Expenditure, Savings, and Job Loss
Hai-Anh H Dang, Cuong Viet Nguyen
published in: World Development, 2021, 140, 105296.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13815
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Gendered Division of Paid and Unpaid Work: Evidence from India
Ashwini Deshpande
published in: Economia Politica, 2022, 39, 75 - 100
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13811
Who Married, (to) Whom, and Where? Trends in Marriage in the United States, 1850-1940
Claudia Olivetti, M. Daniele Paserman, Laura Salisbury, E. Anna Weber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13791
School Schedule and the Gender Pay Gap
Emma Duchini, Clémentine Van Effenterre
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2024, 59 (4), 1052 - 1089
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13786
Tax-Benefit Systems and the Gender Gap in Income
Karina Doorley, Claire Keane
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2024, 22, 285 - 309
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13782
The Effects of International Scrutiny on Manufacturing Workers: Evidence from the Rana Plaza Collapse in Bangladesh
Laurent Bossavie, Yoon Y. Cho, Rachel Heath
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2023, 163, 103107
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13779
Fired and Pregnant: Gender Differences in Job Flexibility Outcomes after Job Loss
Jordy Meekes, Wolter Hassink
published as 'Gender differences in job flexibility: Commutes and working hours after job loss' in: Journal of Urban Economics, 2022, 129, 103425
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13768
The Gender Gap in Aversion to COVID-19 Exposure: Evidence from Professional Tennis
Zuzanna Kowalik, Piotr Lewandowski
published in: PLoS ONE, 2021, 16 (3), e0249045.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13762
Work, Care and Gender during the COVID-19 Crisis
Claudia Hupkau, Barbara Petrongolo
published in: Fiscal Studies,2020, 41 (3), 623 - 652
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13759
Children and the Remaining Gender Gaps in the Labor Market
Patricia Cortes, Jessica Pan
published in: Journal of Economic Literature, 2023, 61 (4), 1359 - 1409
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13759
Children and the Remaining Gender Gaps in the Labor Market
Patricia Cortes, Jessica Pan
published in: Journal of Economic Literature, 2023, 61 (4), 1359 - 1409
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13756
Work Disability after Motherhood and How Paternity Leave Can Help
Sébastien Fontenay, Ilan Tojerow
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13754
Flexible Wages, Bargaining, and the Gender Gap
Barbara Biasi, Heather Sarsons
published in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2022, 137 (1), 215 - 266
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13753
Framing the Predicted Impacts of COVID-19 Prophylactic Measures in Terms of Lives Saved Rather Than Deaths Is More Effective for Older People
Pietro Biroli, Steven J. Bosworth, Marina Della Giusta, Amalia Di Girolamo, Sylvia Jaworska, Jeremy Vollen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13741
Strength in Numbers: A Field Experiment in Gender, Influence, and Group Dynamics
Olga B. Stoddard, Christopher F. Karpowitz, Jessica Preece
updated version available as DP 16625
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13735
Expanding the Measurement of Culture with a Sample of Two Billion Humans
Nick Obradovich, Ömer Özak, Ignacio Martín, Edmond Awad, Manuel Cebrián, Rubén Cuevas, Klaus Desmet, Iyad Rahwan, Ángel Cuevas
published in: Journal of the Royal Society - Interface, 2022, 190, 1920220085
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13734
STEM Occupations and the Gender Gap: What Can We Learn from Job Tasks?
Jamin D. Speer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13712
Gendering Technological Change: Evidence from Agricultural Mechanization
Farzana Afridi, Monisankar Bishnu, Kanika Mahajan
published as 'Gender and Mechanization: Evidence from Indian Agriculture' in: American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2023, 105 (1), 52 - 75
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13680
Peers, Gender, and Long-Term Depression
Corrado Giulietti, Michael Vlassopoulos, Yves Zenou
published in: European Economic Review, 144, 104084, 2022
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13650
Who are the Essential and Frontline Workers?
Francine D. Blau, Josefine Koebe, Pamela Meyerhofer
published in: Business Economics, 2021, 56, 168–178
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13635
Pay Transparency Initiative and Gender Pay Gap: Evidence from Research-Intensive Universities in the UK
Danula K. Gamage, Georgios Kavetsos, Sushanta Mallick, Almudena Sevilla
published in: BJIR, 2024, 62 (2), 293-318
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13630
Educational Gender Gaps
Shelly Lundberg
published in: Southern Economic Journal, 2020, 87 (2), 416-439
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13630
Educational Gender Gaps
Shelly Lundberg
published in: Southern Economic Journal, 2020, 87 (2), 416-439
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13626
Trade Liberalization and the Gender Employment Gap in China
Feicheng Wang, Krisztina Kis-Katos, Minghai Zhou
published as 'Import Competition and the Gender Employment Gap in China' in: Journal of Human Resources, 2024, 59 (6), 1830-1864
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13608
Import Competition and Gender Differences in Labor Reallocation
Hani Mansour, Pamela Medina, Andrea Velasquez
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 76, 102149.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13607
Gender and Culture
Paola Giuliano
publilshed in: Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2020, 36 (4); 944–961
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13601
Decomposing Gender Wage Gaps: A Family Economics Perspective
Dorothée Averkamp, Christian Bredemeier, Falko Juessen
published in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2024, 126 (1), 3-37
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13596
Competition and Career Advancement: The Hidden Costs of Paid Leave
Julian V. Johnsen, Hyejin Ku, Kjell G. Salvanes
latest version published online as 'Competition and Career Advancement' in: Review of Economic Studies, 13 October 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13592
A Second Chance? Labor Market Returns to Adult Education Using School Reforms
Patrick Bennett, Richard Blundell, Kjell G. Salvanes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13576
Do Unions and Works Councils Really Dampen the Gender Pay Gap? Discordant Evidence from Germany
Michael Oberfichtner, Claus Schnabel, Marina Töpfer
published in: Economics Letters, 2020, 196, 109509
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13572
Obstacles to Labour Market Participation among Arab Women in Israel
Sami H. Miaari, Nabil Khattab, Maha Sabbah-Karkabi
published in: International Labour Review 2023, 162 (4), 587 - 614
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13562
This Time It's Different: The Role of Women's Employment in a Pandemic Recession
Titan Alon, Matthias Doepke, Jane Olmstead-Rumsey, Michèle Tertilt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13562
This Time It's Different: The Role of Women's Employment in a Pandemic Recession
Titan Alon, Matthias Doepke, Jane Olmstead-Rumsey, Michèle Tertilt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13533
The Intergenerational Transmission of Gender Role Attitudes: Evidence from Immigrant Mothers-In-Law
Julia Bredtmann, Lisa Sofie Höckel, Sebastian Otten
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2020, 179, 101-115
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13525
Driven to Succeed? Teenagers' Drive, Ambition and Performance on High-Stakes Examinations
John Jerrim, Nikki Shure, Gill Wyness
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13517
Overconfidence and Gender Differences in Wage Expectations
Stephanie Briel, Aderonke Osikominu, Gregor Pfeifer, Mirjam Reutter, Sascha Satlukal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13503
COVID-19 and Mental Health Deterioration among BAME Groups in the UK
Eugenio Proto, Climent Quintana-Domeque
revised version published as 'COVID-19 and mental health deterioration by ethnicity and gender in the UK' in: PLOS ONE, 2021, 16 (1), e0244419
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13500
The Gendered Division of Paid and Domestic Work under Lockdown
Alison Andrew, Sarah Cattan, Monica Costa Dias, Christine Farquharson, Lucy Kraftman, Sonya Krutikova, Angus Phimister, Almudena Sevilla
published in: Fiscal Studies, 2022, 43 (4), 325 - 340
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13489
Promoting Female Interest in Economics: Limits to Nudges
Todd Pugatch, Elizabeth Schroeder
published in: American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 2021, 111, 123-127
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13486
Assessing the Role of Women in Tourism Related Sectors in the Caribbean
Francesco Pastore, Allan Webster, Kevin Hope
published in: International Journal of Tourism Research, 2021, 23 (3), 378-400
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13482
Robots and the Gender Pay Gap in Europe
Cevat Giray Aksoy, Berkay Özcan, Julia Philipp
revised version published in: European Economic Review, 2021, 134, 103693
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13477
Women in Economics: A UK Perspective
Danula K. Gamage, Almudena Sevilla, Sarah Smith
published in: Oxford Review of Economic Policy 2020, 36 (4), 962 - 982
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13477
Women in Economics: A UK Perspective
Danula K. Gamage, Almudena Sevilla, Sarah Smith
published in: Oxford Review of Economic Policy 2020, 36 (4), 962 - 982
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13473
Does Sibling Gender Affect Personality Traits?
Bart H.H. Golsteyn, Cécile A. J. Magnée
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2020, 77, 102016
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