The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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676 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7800
Incentive Pay and Performance: Insider Econometrics in a Multi-Unit Firm
Hein Bogaard, Jan Svejnar
published in: Labour Economics, 2018, 54, 100 - 115
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7758
Subjective Evaluations: Discretionary Bonuses and Feedback Credibility
William Fuchs
published in: American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 2015, 7 (1), 99–108
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7660
The Consequences of a Piece Rate on Quantity and Quality: Evidence from a Field Experiment
John S. Heywood, W. Stanley Siebert, Xiangdong Wei
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7652
Dynamic Incentive Effects of Relative Performance Pay: A Field Experiment
Josse Delfgaauw, Robert Dur, Arjan Non, Willem Verbeke
published in: Labour Economics, 2014, 28, 1-13
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7624
Wage Posting or Wage Bargaining? Evidence from the Employers' Side
Hanna Brenzel, Hermann Gartner, Claus Schnabel
published in: Labour Economics, 2014, 29, 41-48
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7602
Motivating Agents: How Much Does the Mission Matter?
Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Erick Gong
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2016, 35 (1 Part 1), 211-236
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7534
Firm-Level Hiring Difficulties: Persistence, Business Cycle and Local Labour Market Influences
Richard Fabling, David C. Maré
published in: Journal of Labour Research, 2016, 37, 179 - 210
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7523
Peer Pressure and Productivity: The Role of Observing and Being Observed
Sotiris Georganas, Mirco Tonin, Michael Vlassopoulos
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2015, 117, 223-232.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7521
Social Networks and Peer Effects at Work
Julie Beugnot, Bernard Fortin, Guy Lacroix, Marie Claire Villeval
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7499
Exploitation Aversion: When Financial Incentives Fail to Motivate Agents
Jeffrey P. Carpenter, David Dolifka
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7435
Management Compensation and the Economic Crisis: Longitudinal Evidence from the German Chemical Sector
Christian Grund, Tanja Walter
published in: Review of Managerial Science, 2015, 9, 751-777
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7411
Can You Trust the Good Guys? Trust Within and Between Groups with Different Missions
Sebastian Fehrler, Michael Kosfeld
published in: Economics Letters, 2013, 121, 400-404
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7382
The Value of Hiring through Referrals
Stephen V. Burks, Bo Cowgill, Mitchell Hoffman, Michael Housman
revised version published as 'The Value of Hiring through Employee Referrals' in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2015, 130(2), 805-839
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7363
Altruism and Relational Incentives in the Workplace
Robert Dur, Jan Tichem
published in: Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 2015, 24(3), 485-500
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7361
Works Councils, Quits and Dismissals in Germany
Christian Grund, Andreas Schmitt
revised version published in: German Journal of Human Resource Management, 2016, 30, 53-75, together with Johannes Martin as an additional co-author
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7097
Monetary Reference Points of Managers: An Empirical Investigation of Status Quo Preferences and Social Comparisons
Christian Grund, Johannes Martin
revised version published in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2017, 64, 70-84
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7096
Anonymous Job Applications in Europe
Annabelle Krause-Pilatus, Ulf Rinne, Klaus F. Zimmermann
published in: IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, 2012, 1:5
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7091
Absenteeism, Unemployment and Employment Protection Legislation: Evidence from Italy
Vincenzo Scoppa, Daniela Vuri
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 2014, 3:3
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7088
Base Salaries, Bonus Payments, and Work Absence among Managers in a German Company
Christian Pfeifer
published in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2014, 61 (5), 523-536
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7058
Working for a Good Cause
Robert Dur, Robin Zoutenbier
published in: Public Administration Review, 2014, 74(2), 144-155
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7044
Ability Dispersion and Team Performance: A Field Experiment
Sander M. Hoogendoorn, Simon C. Parker, Mirjam C. van Praag
published online in: Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 30 November 2017
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7029
Use and Abuse of Authority: A Behavioral Foundation of the Employment Relation
Björn Bartling, Ernst Fehr, Klaus M. Schmidt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7022
Separating Introduction Effects from Selectivity Effects: The Differences in Employment Patterns of Co-Determined Firms
Rafael Gralla, Kornelius Kraft
published in: Labour, 2018, 32 (1), 93-111
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6948
Promotion Determinants in Corporate Hierarchies: An Examination of Fast Tracks and Functional Area
Christian Belzil, Michael L. Bognanno, François Poinas
published in: Transitions through the Labor Market (Research in Labor Economics, 48), 2018
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6896
Business Training and Female Enterprise Start-Up, Growth, and Dynamics: Experimental Evidence from Sri Lanka
Suresh de Mel, David McKenzie, Christopher Woodruff
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2014, 106: 199-210
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6895
What Are We Learning from Business Training and Entrepreneurship Evaluations around the Developing World?
David McKenzie, Christopher Woodruff
revised version published in: World Bank Research Observer, 2014, 29(1), 48-82
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6821
The Role of Connections in Academic Promotions
Natalia Zinovyeva, Manuel Bagues
published in: American Economic Journals: Applied Economics, 2015, 7 (2), 264-292
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6818
"Employability-Miles" and Worker Employability Awareness
Ruud Gerards, Andries de Grip, Maaike Witlox
published in: Applied Economics, 2014, 46, 952-965
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6747
Team Structure and the Effectiveness of Collective Performance Pay
Marisa Ratto, Emma Tominey, Thibaud Vergé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6716
Social Incentives Matter: Evidence from an Online Real Effort Experiment
Mirco Tonin, Michael Vlassopoulos
substantially revised version published as 'Corporate Philanthropy and Productivity: Evidence from an Online Real Effort Experiment' in: Management Science, 2015, 61(8), 1795-1811
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6715
Expert Leaders in a Fast-Moving Environment
Amanda H. Goodall, Ganna Pogrebna
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6642
Aging and Attitudes Towards Strategic Uncertainty and Competition: An Artefactual Field Experiment in a Swiss Bank
Thierry Madies, Marie Claire Villeval, Malgorzata Wasmer
revised version published as 'Intergenerational Attitudes Towards Strategic Uncertainty and Competition' in: European Economic Review, 2013, 61, 153-168.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6605
Discrimination and the Effects of Drug Testing on Black Employment
Abigail Wozniak
Review of Economics and Statistics, 2015, 93 (7), 548-566
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6568
Occupational Sex Segregation and Management-Level Wages in Germany: What Role Does Firm Size Play?
Anne Busch, Elke Holst
shorter German version published in: Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 2013, 42 (4), 315-336
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6566
A Theory of Expert Leadership
Amanda H. Goodall
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6530
Ingratiation and Favoritism: Experimental Evidence
Stéphane R. Robin, Agnieszka Rusinowska, Marie Claire Villeval
revised version published in: European Economic Review, 2014, 66, 16-38.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6497
Works Councils, Collective Bargaining and Apprenticeship Training
Ben Kriechel, Samuel Mühlemann, Harald Pfeifer, Miriam Schuette
published in: Industrial Relations, 2014, 66 (5), 1095-1112
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6486
Horizontal Transfer and Promotion: New Evidence and an Interpretation from the Perspective of Task-Specific Human Capital
Masaru Sasaki, Katsuya Takii, Junmin Wan
published as 'Synchronized job transfer and task-specific human capital' in: Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 2020, 56, 101075
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6480
The Effects of Prize Spread and Noise in Elimination Tournaments: A Natural Field Experiment
Josse Delfgaauw, Robert Dur, Arjan Non, Willem Verbeke
revised version published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2015, 33(3), 521-569
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6478
Repeated Selection with Heterogenous Individuals and Relative Age Effects
Herbert Dawid, Gerd Muehlheusser
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2015, 116, 387–406
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6460
Pro-Social Missions and Worker Motivation: An Experimental Study
Sebastian Fehrler, Michael Kosfeld
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2014, 100, 99-110
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6448
The Role of Salience in Performance Schemes: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Florian Englmaier, Andreas Roider, Uwe Sunde
revised version published as 'The Role of Communication of Performance Schemes: Evidence from a Field Experiment' in: Management Science, 2017, 63(12), 4061-4080
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6444
Do Women Top Managers Help Women Advance? A Panel Study Using EEO-1 Records
Fidan Ana Kurtulus, Donald Tomaskovic-Devey
published as 'Do Female Top Managers Help Women to Advance? A Panel Study Using EEO-1 Records' in: Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2022, 639, 173-197
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6420
What Explains the Rise in CEO Pay in Germany? A Panel Data Analysis for 1977-2009
Francesca Fabbri, Dalia Marin
published in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2016, 118 (2), 235-263
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6411
Information and Competition Entry
Mara Ewers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6373
Subjective Performance Evaluations and Employee Careers
Anders Frederiksen, Fabian Lange, Ben Kriechel
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2017, 134, 408-429
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6343
The Firm as the Locus of Social Comparisons: Internal Labor Markets versus Up-or-Out
Emmanuelle Auriol, Guido Friebel, Frauke Lammers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6322
Design and Implementation of Pay for Performance
Michael Gibbs
published in: C. R. Thomas and W. F. Shughart II (eds.), Oxford Handbook in Managerial Economics, Oxford University Press, 2013, 397-423
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6316
Sabotage in Tournaments: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Loukas Balafoutas, Florian Lindner, Matthias Sutter
revised version published in: Kyklos, 2012, 65 (4), 425-441
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6304
Testing Canonical Tournament Theory: On the Impact of Risk, Social Preferences and Utility Structure
Roman M. Sheremeta, Steven Y. Wu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6286
Whom to Choose as a Team Mate? A Lab Experiment about In-Group Favouritism
Andrea Hammermann, Alwine Mohnen, Petra Nieken
published in: Review of Managerial Science, 2014, 8(3), 327–350
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6284
Who Benefits from Benefits? Empirical Research on Tangible Incentives
Andrea Hammermann, Alwine Mohnen
published in: Journal of Economic Psychology, 2014, 43 (1), 1-15.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6279
Team Incentives: Evidence from a Firm Level Experiment
Oriana Bandiera, Iwan Barankay, Imran Rasul
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2013, 11 (5), 1079-1114
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6254
How Unjust! An Experimental Investigation of Supervisors' Evaluation Errors and Agents' Incentives
Lucia Marchegiani, Tommaso G. Reggiani, Matteo Rizzolli
revised version published as 'Loss Averse Agents and Lenient Supervisors in Performance Appraisal' in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2016, 131, 183-197
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6219
Competition, Group Identity, and Social Networks in the Workplace: Evidence from a Chinese Textile Firm
Takao Kato, Pian Shu
revised version published as 'Social Networks and Economic Transformation: Evidence from a Resettled Village in Brazil' in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2016, 131 (Part A), 37–50
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6127
Job Preferences as Revealed by Employee Initiated Job Changes
Christian Grund
published in: International Journal of Human Resource Management 24 (2013), 2825-2850
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6118
Profit Sharing and Training
Kornelius Kraft, Julia Lang
published in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2013, 75 (6), 940-961
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6077
Wage Effects of On-the-Job Training: A Meta-Analysis
Carla Haelermans, Lex Borghans
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2012, 50 (3), 502–528
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6070
Differentiation and Performance: An Empirical Investigation on the Incentive Effects of Bonus Plans
Patrick Kampkötter, Dirk Sliwka
revised version published as 'More Dispersion, Higher Bonuses?-The Role of Differentiation in Subjective Performance Evaluations' in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2018, 36 (2), 511–549
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6037
When the Early Bird Catches the Worm: The Impact of Training in Retail
Christiane Hinerasky, René Fahr
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5999
Do Women Prefer a Co-operative Work Environment?
Peter J. Kuhn, Marie Claire Villeval
revised version published as 'Are Women More Attracted to Co-operation Than Men?' in: Economic Journal, 2014, 125, 115-140.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5985
Optimizing Incentive Plan Design: A Case Study
Alec R. Levenson, Cindy Zoghi, Michael Gibbs, George Benson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5976
The Effects of Training on Own and Co-Worker Productivity: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Andries de Grip, Jan Sauermann
published in: Economic Journal, 2012, 122 (559), 376-399
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5968
Lying and Team Incentives
Julian Conrads, Bernd Irlenbusch, Rainer Michael Rilke, Gari Walkowitz
published in: Journal of Economic Psychology, 2013, 34, 1-7
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5961
Why Are So Few Females Promoted into CEO and Vice-President Positions? Danish Empirical Evidence 1997-2007
Nina Smith, Valdemar Smith, Mette Verner
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2013, 66 (2), 380-408
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5899
HRM Practices and Performance of Family-Run Workplaces: Evidence from the 2004 WERS
W. Stanley Siebert, Fei Peng, Yasheng Maimaiti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5884
Lies and Biased Evaluation: A Real-Effort Experiment
Julie Rosaz, Marie Claire Villeval
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2012, 84 (2), 537-549.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5830
Physician-Leaders and Hospital Performance: Is There an Association?
Amanda H. Goodall
published in: Social Science and Medicine, 2011, 73 (4), 535 - 539
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5794
Workforce Reorganization and the Worker
Ben Kriechel, Gerard A. Pfann
published in: Applied Economics, 2013, 45 (13), 1719-1729
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5791
Does Wage Dispersion Make All Firms Productive?
Benoît Mahy, François Rycx, Mélanie Volral
published in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2011, 58 (4), 455-489
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5764
Human Capital and Career Success: Evidence from Linked Employer-Employee Data
Anders Frederiksen, Takao Kato
published in: Economic Journal, 2018, 128 (613), 1952-1982
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5755
Incentives vs. Selection in Promotion Tournaments: Can a Designer Kill Two Birds with One Stone?
Wolfgang Höchtl, Rudolf Kerschbamer, Rudi Stracke, Uwe Sunde
revised version published in: Managerial and Decision Economics, 2015, 36(5), 275–285
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5727
Equity and Efficiency in Multi-Worker Firms: Insights from Experimental Economics
Johannes Abeler, Steffen Altmann, Sebastian J. Goerg, Sebastian Kube, Matthias Wibral
published in: Analyse & Kritik, 2011, 33(1), 325-347
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5723
Field Experiments with Firms
Oriana Bandiera, Iwan Barankay, Imran Rasul
published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2011, 25 (3), 63-82
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5704
League-Table Incentives and Price Bubbles in Experimental Asset Markets
Stephen L. Cheung, Andrew Coleman
revised version published as 'Relative Performance Incentives and Price Bubbles in Experimental Asset Markets' in: Southern Economic Journal, 2014, 81 (2), 345-363
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5693
Rise to the Challenge or Not Give a Damn: Differential Performance in High vs. Low Stakes Tests
Yigal Attali, Zvika Neeman, Analia Schlosser
published as 'Differential Performance in High Versus Low Stakes Tests: Evidence from the Gre Test" in: Economic Journal, 2019, 129 (623), 2916–2948
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5672
The Heterogeneous Economic Consequences of Works Council Relations
Christian Pfeifer
published in: Schmollers Jahrbuch, 2011, 131 (1), 59-71
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5671
Effects of Training on Employee Suggestions and Promotions in an Internal Labor Market
Christian Pfeifer, Simon Janssen, Philip Yang, Uschi Backes-Gellner
published as 'Effects of training on employee suggestions and promotions' in: Schmalenbach Business Review, 65(3), 270-287.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5669
The Effect of Product Market Competition on Job Instability
Ainoa Aparicio Fenoll
published in: Labour Economics, 2015, 35, 145 - 159
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5623
Performance Appraisal: Dimensions and Determinants
Alberto Bayo-Moriones, Jose Enrique Galdon-Sanchez, Sara Martinez-de-Morentin
published in: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2020, 31(15), 1984-2015.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5618
Incentives and Cooperation in Firms: Field Evidence
Johannes Berger, Claus Herbertz, Dirk Sliwka
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5591
Retaining through Training: Even for Older Workers
Matteo Picchio, Jan C. van Ours
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2013, 32 (1), 29-48
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5550
Social Comparison in the Workplace: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Alain Cohn, Ernst Fehr, Benedikt Herrmann, Frédéric Schneider
revised version published as 'Social Comparison an Effort Provision' in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2014, 12 (4), 877-898
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5543
Managerial Incentives and Favoritism in Promotion Decisions: Theory and Field Evidence
Johannes Berger, Claus Herbertz, Dirk Sliwka
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5514
Inequality, Inequity Aversion, and the Provision of Public Goods
Felix Kölle, Dirk Sliwka, Nannan Zhou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5501
Can Higher Bonuses Lead to Less Effort? Incentive Reversal in Teams
Esteban F. Klor, Sebastian Kube, Eyal Winter, Ro'i Zultan
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2014, 97, 72-83
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5464
Works Councils, Wages, and Job Satisfaction
Christian Grund, Andreas Schmitt
published in: Applied Economics, 2013, 45 (3), 299-310
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5431
Effects of Adult Education Vouchers on the Labor Market: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment
Guido Schwerdt, Dolores Messer, Ludger Woessmann, Stefan C. Wolter
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2012, 96 (7-8), 569-583
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5407
Are Employees Better Off in Socially Responsible Firms?
Katrin Tamm, Raul Eamets, Pille Mõtsmees
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5360
The Impact of Labor Market Entry Conditions on Initial Job Assignment, Human Capital Accumulation, and Wages
Beatrice Brunner, Andreas Kuhn
revised version published as `The impact of labor market entry conditions on initial job assignment and wages' in: Journal of Population Economics, 2014, 27(3), 705-738
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5330
Universities as Stakeholders in their Students' Careers: On the Benefits of Graduate Taxes to Finance Higher Education
Tom McKenzie, Dirk Sliwka
published in: Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 2011, 167 (4), 726-742
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5325
Hidden Action, Identification, and Organization Design
Wendelin Schnedler
improved version is available here
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5315
Determinants of Further Training: Evidence for Germany
Christian Grund, Johannes Martin
revised version published in: International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2012, 23 (17), 3536-3558
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5309
Wages or Fringes? Some Evidence on Trade-offs and Sorting
Tor Eriksson, Nicolai Kristensen
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2014, 32 (4), 899-928
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5298
What Do We Work For? An Anatomy of Pre- and Post-Tax Earnings Growth
Anders Frederiksen, Timothy J. Halliday, Alexander K. Koch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5291
Teacher Pay, Class Size and Local Governments: Evidence from the Latvian Reform
Mihails Hazans
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5284
Bonus Payments, Hierarchy Levels and Tenure: Theoretical Considerations and Empirical Evidence
Christian Grund, Matthias Kräkel
revised version published in: Schmalenbach Business Review, 2012, 64, 101-124
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5280
Don't Spread Yourself Too Thin: The Impact of Task Juggling on Workers' Speed of Job Completion
Decio Coviello, Andrea Ichino, Nicola Persico
published as 'Time Allocation and Task Juggling' in: American Economic Review, 2014, 104 (2), 609-623 (theoretical model), and as 'The Inefficiency of Worker Time Use' in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2015, 5 (19), 906 - 947 (empirical part)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5225
Heterogeneous Worker Ability and Team-Based Production: Evidence from Major League Baseball, 1920-2009
Kerry L. Papps, Alex Bryson, Rafael Gomez
published in: Labour Economics, 2011, 18 (3), 310-319
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5200
Respect as an Incentive
Tor Eriksson, Marie Claire Villeval
revised version published as 'Respect and relational contracts' in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2012, 81 (1), 286–298
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