The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising over 13,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics. 

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219 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13981
Managerial Performance of a Female-Owned and Home-Based Firm
Oluwasheyi S. Oladipo, Katarzyna Platt, Hyoung Suk Shim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13951
Risk Preference and Entrepreneurial Investment at the Top of the Wealth Distribution
Frank M. Fossen, Johannes König, Carsten Schröder
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13897
Talking Business: New Evidence on How Language Shapes Economic Behaviour
Francesco Campo, Luca Nunziata, Lorenzo Rocco
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13854
Finance, Gender, and Entrepreneurship: India's Informal Sector Firms
Ira N. Gang, Rajesh Raj Natarajan, Kunal Sen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13835
Extreme Events, Entrepreneurial Start-Ups, and Innovation: Theoretical Conjectures
Thomas Gries, Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13829
Industrialization under Medieval Conditions? Global Development after COVID-19
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13764
The Transition to Self-Employment and Perceived Skill-Mismatches: Panel Data Evidence from Eleven EU Countries
Judit Albiol Sanchez, Luis Diaz-Serrano, Mercedes Teruel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13707
The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Owners: The First Three Months after Social-Distancing Restrictions
Robert W. Fairlie
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13667
Digital Entrepreneurship Research: A Concise Introduction
Wim Naudé, Werner Liebregts
forthcoming in: Data Science for Entrepreneurship, edited by W.J. Liebregts, W.J.A.M. van den Heuvel and J.A. van den Born, to be published by Springer.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13486
Assessing the Role of Women in Tourism Related Sectors in the Caribbean
Francesco Pastore, Allan Webster, Kevin Hope
forthcoming in: International Journal of Tourism Research, 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13436
Entrepreneurial Recovery from COVID-19: Decentralization, Democratization, Demand, Distribution, and Demography
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13414
The Effects of Non-Compete Agreements on Different Types of Self-Employment: Evidence from Massachusetts and Utah
Ege Can, Frank M. Fossen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13373
Allocating Subsidies for Private Investments to Maximize Jobs Impacts
David A. Robalino, Jose M. Romero, Ian Walker
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13311
The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Owners: Evidence of Early-Stage Losses from the April 2020 Current Population Survey
Robert W. Fairlie
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13209
Entrepreneurship among Low-, Mid- and High-Income Workers in South America: A Fuzzy-Set Analysis
Jorge Velilla, José Alberto Molina, Raquel Ortega
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13187
The Perceived Well-Being and Health Costs of Exiting Self-Employment
Milena Nikolova, Boris Nikolaev, Olga Popova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13180
2D:4D and Self-Employment Using SOEP Data: A Replication Study
Frank M. Fossen, Levent Neyse, Magnus Johannesson, Anna Dreber Almenberg
revised version forthcoming in: Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258720985478
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13173
Tenancy by the Entirety and the Value of Wealth Insurance for Entrepreneurs
Jeffrey Traczynski
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13130
Exposure to Transit Migration, Public Attitudes and Entrepreneurship
Nicolas Ajzenman, Cevat Giray Aksoy, Sergei Guriev
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13033
Does Working at a Start-Up Pay Off?
Daniel Fackler, Lisa Hölscher, Claus Schnabel, Antje Weyh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13029
The Value of Publicly Available, Textual and Non-textual Information for Startup Performance Prediction
Ulrich Kaiser, Johan Moritz Kuhn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12997
State Medicaid Expansion and the Self-Employed
Jun Yeong Lee, John V. Winters
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12943
Microentrepreneurship in Developing Countries
Seema Jayachandran
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12926
Enterprising Women in Southern Africa: When Does Land Ownership Matter?
Zuzana Brixiova, Thierry Kangoye, Fiona Tregenna
published in: Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 2020, 41 (1), 37 - 51
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12878
Selection and Absolute Advantage in Farming and Entrepreneurship
Francisco Alvarez-Cuadrado, Francesco Amodio, Markus Poschke
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12841
Does Solo Self-Employment Serve as a 'Stepping Stone' to Employership?
Michael Leith Cowling, Mark Wooden
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12802
Endogenous Hours and the Wealth of Entrepreneurs
Felix Wellschmied, Emircan Yurdagul
published in: Review of Economic Dynamics, 2021, 39, 79-99
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12761
Former Communist Party Membership and Present-Day Entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern Europe
Artjoms Ivlevs, Milena Nikolova, Olga Popova
forthcoming in: Small Business Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12755
Do Start-Up Subsidies for the Unemployed Affect Participants' Well-Being? A Rigorous Look at (Un-)Intended Consequences of Labor Market Policies
Marco Caliendo, Stefan Tübbicke
forthcoming in: Evaluation Review
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12742
What Makes an Employer?
Marco Caliendo, Frank M. Fossen, Alexander S. Kritikos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12690
Catching up or Lagging Behind? The Long-Term Business and Innovation Potential of Subsidized Start-Ups out of Unemployment
Marco Caliendo, Steffen Künn, Martin Weissenberger
published in: Research Policy, 2020, 49 (10), 1-14
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12607
Entrepreneurial Persistence beyond Survival: Measurement and Determinants
Marco Caliendo, Maximilian Göthner, Martin Weißenberger
published in: Journal of Small Business Management, 2020, 58 (3), 617-647.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12555
September 11 and the Rise of Necessity Self-Employment among Mexican Immigrants
Chunbei Wang, Magnus Lofstrom
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12499
Entrepreneurship over the Business Cycle in the United States: A Decomposition
Frank M. Fossen
revised version forthcoming in: Small Business Economics, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00375-3
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12445
Who Gains from Active Learning in Higher Education?
Giulio Bosio, Federica Origo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12367
Wage Employment, Unemployment and Self-Employment across Countries
Markus Poschke
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12336
Types of Institutions and Well-Being of Self-Employed and Paid Employees in Europe
Michael Fritsch, Alina Sorgner, Michael Wyrwich
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12261
New Evidence on Long-Term Effects of Start-Up Subsidies: Matching Estimates and Their Robustness
Marco Caliendo, Stefan Tübbicke
published in: Empirical Economics, 2020, 59 (4), 1605-1631
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12191
Who Founds? An Analysis of University and Corporate Startup Entrepreneurs Based on Danish Register Data
Ulrich Kaiser, Johan Moritz Kuhn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12190
Immigrant Entrepreneurs and Innovation in the U.S. High-Tech Sector
J. David Brown, John S. Earle, Mee Jung Kim, Kyung Min Lee
forthcoming in: I. Ganguli, S. Kahn, M.MacGarvie (eds.), The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in U.S. Science, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship,'NBER, 2019
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12189
Transitioning from Solo Self-Employed to Microbusiness Employer: Local Economic Environment or Owner Characteristics?
Andrew Henley
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12147
Motherhood, Migration, and Self-Employment of College Graduates
Zhengyu Cai, Heather M. Stephens, John V. Winters
published in: Small Business Economics, 2019, 53 (3), 611-629
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12057
Risk Aversion and Entrepreneurship: New Evidence Exploiting Exposure to Massive Earthquakes in Italy
Guido de Blasio, Maria De Paola, Samuele Poy, Vincenzo Scoppa
forthcoming in: Small Business Economics, 2021
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11941
Brilliant Technologies and Brave Entrepreneurs: A New Narrative for African Manufacturing
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11880
Prediction Based on Entrepreneurship-Prone Personality Profiles: Sometimes Worse Than the Toss of a Coin
Alexander Konon, Alexander S. Kritikos
published in: Small Business Economics, 2019, 53, 1–20
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11856
Incubators, Accelerators and Regional Economic Development
Margarida Madaleno, Max Nathan, Henry Overman, Sevrin Waights
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11819
Micro-Entrepreneurship and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Rural Bangladesh
Muhammad Faress Bhuiyan, Artjoms Ivlevs
published in: Journal of Business Venturing, 2019, 34 (4), 625-645
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11750
Pathways to Formalization: Going beyond the Formality Dichotomy
Juan Jose Diaz, Juan Chacaltana, Jamele Rigolini, Claudia Ruiz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11662
High-Growth Entrepreneurship
J. David Brown, John S. Earle, Mee Jung Kim, Kyung Min Lee
forthcoming as 'Start-Ups, Job Creation, and Founder Characteristics' in: Industrial and Corporate Change
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11650
Skills, Scope, and Success: An Empirical Look at the Start-up Process in Creative Industries in Germany
Karsten Kohn, Solvejg A. Wewel
published in: Creativity and Innovation Management, 2018, 27 (3), 295-318
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11556
Do Startups Provide Employment Opportunities for Disadvantaged Workers?
Daniel Fackler, Michaela Fuchs, Lisa Hölscher, Claus Schnabel
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2019, 72 (5), 1123-1148
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11501
Business Cycles and Start-ups across Industries: An Empirical Analysis of German Regions
Alexander Konon, Michael Fritsch, Alexander S. Kritikos
published in: Journal of Business Venturing, 2018, 33(6), 742-761
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11400
The Determinants of Young Firms Growth in Tunisia
Hassan Arouri, Adel Ben Youssef, Francesco Quatraro, Marco Vivarelli
published as 'Drivers of Growth in Tunisia: Young Firms vs Incumbents' in: Small Business Economics, 2020, 54, 323–340
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11399
The Impact of Management Practices on SME Performance
John Forth, Alex Bryson
published as 'Management practices and SME performance' in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, First published 28 February 2019, https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12209
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11332
Return Migration and Self-Employment: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan
Tilman Brück, Clotilde Mahe, Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11303
Dinner Table Human Capital and Entrepreneurship
Hans K. Hvide, Paul Oyer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11258
Opportunity versus Necessity Entrepreneurship: Two Components of Business Creation
Robert W. Fairlie, Frank M. Fossen
revised version published in: Research in Labor Economics, 2020, 48, 253-289.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11195
Cities and Entrepreneurs over Time: Like a Horse and Carriage?
Wim Naudé
A revised version is forthcoming as a chapter in Dastbaz,M., Naudé, W. and Manoochehri, J. eds. (2018). Smart Futures, Challenges of Urbanisation, and Social Sustainability. Springer.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11194
Technological Innovation and Inclusive Growth in Germany
Wim Naudé, Paula Nagler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11155
How Does Firm Survival Differ between Business Takeovers and New Venture Start-ups?
Guoqian Xi, Jörn Block, Frank Lasch, Frank Robert, Roy Thurik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11105
Entrepreneurship & Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Large-Scale Study Involving the Clinical Condition of ADHD
Dan Lerner, Ingrid Verheul, Roy Thurik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11104
Mode of Entry into Hybrid Entrepreneurship: New Venture Start-Up versus Business Takeover
Guoqian Xi, Jörn Block, Frank Lasch, Frank Robert, Roy Thurik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11103
The Intersection of the Fields of Entrepreneurship and Development Economics: A Review towards a New View
Jolanda Hessels, Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11074
What Drives Spatial Clusters of Entrepreneurship in China? Evidence from Economic Census Data
Liang Zheng, Zhong Zhao
published in: China Economic Review, 2017, 46, 228-248 [Details & Download]
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11055
The Post-Reform Effectiveness of the New German Start-Up Subsidy for the Unemployed
Lutz Bellmann, Marco Caliendo, Stefan Tübbicke
published in: LABOUR: Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, 2018, 32(3), 293-319
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11048
The Role of Entrepreneurial Human Capital as a Driver of Endogenous Economic Growth
Isaac Ehrlich, Dunli Li, Zhiqiang Liu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11018
The Returns to Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Matched Person-Firm Data
Mirjam C. van Praag, Arvid Raknerud
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11017
Badge of Honor or Scarlet Letter? Unpacking Investors' Judgment of Entrepreneurs' Past Failure
Diego Zunino, Mirjam C. van Praag, Gary Dushnitsky
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11015
Media and Occupational Choice
Alexander Konon, Alexander S. Kritikos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11007
Poverty and Material Deprivation among the Self-Employed in Europe: An Exploration of a Relatively Uncharted Landscape
Jeroen Horemans, Ive Marx
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10855
Entrepreneurship, Education and the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Africa
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10704
Entrepreneurship, Institutions and Skills in Low-Income Countries
Zuzana Brixiova, Balázs Égert
published in: Economic Modelling, 2017, 67, 381 - 391
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10688
Self-Employment Differentials among Foreign-Born STEM and Non-STEM Workers
Zhengyu Cai, John V. Winters
published in: Journal of Business Venturing, 2017, 32 (4), 371-384
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10615
Growing Markets through Business Training for Female Entrepreneurs: A Market-Level Randomized Experiment in Kenya
David McKenzie, Olga Susana Puerto
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10498
The Origins and Extent of Entrepreneurial Action-Orientedness: An Experimental Study
Ahmad Barirani, Randolph Sloof, Mirjam C. van Praag
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10455
Gender Disparities in Employment and Earnings in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Swaziland
Zuzana Brixiova, Thierry Kangoye
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10328
Global Talent Flows
Sari Pekkala Kerr, William Kerr, Caglar Ozden, Christopher Parsons
forthcoming in: Journal of Economic Perspectives
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10324
Entrepreneurship in the Shadows: Wealth Constraints and Government Policy
Semih Tumen
published in: The Economics of Transition, 2017, 25(2), 239-270
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10280
Does Crime Deter South Africans from Self-Employment?
Katharina Grabrucker, Michael Grimm
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2018, 46 (2), 413-435.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10278
On the Origins of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Sibling Correlations
Matthew J. Lindquist, Joeri Sol, Mirjam C. van Praag, Theodor Vladasel
Revised version available here: http://www.tinbergen.nl/discussionpaper/?paper=2663
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10127
Charitable Donations by China's Private Enterprises
Björn Anders Gustafsson, Xiuna Yang, Gang Shuge, Dai Jianzhong
published in Economic Systems, 2017, 41 (3), 456 - 469
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10104
The "Entrepreneurial Boss" Effect on Employees' Future Entrepreneurship Choices: A Role Model Story?
Vera Rocha, Mirjam C. van Praag
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9984
Gendered Entrepreneurship Networks
Simen Markussen, Knut Røed
revised version published as 'The Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship - The Role of Peer Effects' in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2017, 134, 356-373
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9949
Work Experience from Paid Employment and the Path to Entrepreneurship: Business Takeover versus New Venture Start-Up
Guoqian Xi, Jörn Block, Frank Lasch, Frank Robert, Roy Thurik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9919
Entrepreneurial Choices of Initial Human Capital Endowments and New Venture Success
Vera Rocha, Mirjam C. van Praag, Timothy B. Folta, Anabela Carneiro
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9874
Social Capital, Entrepreneurship and Living Standards: Differences between Immigrants and the Native Born
Matthew Roskruge, Jacques Poot, Laura King
published in: H Westlund and JP Larsson (eds.), Handbook of Social Capital and Regional Development, Cheltenham UK: Edward Elgar, 2016
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9848
Taking the Leap: The Determinants of Entrepreneurs Hiring their First Employee
Robert W. Fairlie, Javier Miranda
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9822
Labour Supply after Inheritances and the Role of Expectations
Karina Doorley, Nico Pestel
published in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2020, 82(4), 843-863
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9806
Size of Training Firms: The Role of Firms, Luck, and Ability in Young Workers' Careers
Steffen Müller, Renate Neubäumer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9805
Born Entrepreneur? Adolescents' Personality Characteristics and Self-Employment in Adulthood
Jutta Viinikainen, Guido Heineck, Petri Böckerman, Mirka Hintsanen, Olli Raitakari, Jaakko Pehkonen
published in: Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 2017, 8, 9-12
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9744
The Entrepreneurship Beveridge Curve
Thomas Gries, Stefan Jungblut, Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9743
Business in Genocide: Understanding and Avoiding Complicity
Nora Stel, Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9740
Firm Dynamics and Employment Protection: Evidence from Sectoral Data
Anna Bottasso, Maurizio Conti, Giovanni Sulis
published in: Labour Economics, 2017, 78 (October), 35-53
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9733
To Be Born Is Not Enough: The Key Role of Innovative Startups
Alessandra Colombelli, Jackie Krafft, Marco Vivarelli
published in: Small Business Economics, 2016, 47, 277-291
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9693
Who Works for Whom? Worker Sorting in a Model of Entrepreneurship with Heterogeneous Labor Markets
Emin Dinlersoz, Henry R. Hyatt, Hubert P. Janicki
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9628
Personality Traits and the Evaluation of Start-Up Subsidies
Marco Caliendo, Steffen Künn, Martin Weißenberger
published in: European Economic Review, 2016, 86, 87-108
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9625
The Support Paradox in Community Enterprise Experiments in The Netherlands
Reinout Kleinhans, Maarten van Ham
published in: [International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business].
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9521
Entrepreneurship and the Reallocation of African Farmers
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9429
Broadband Diffusion and Firm Performance in Rural Areas: Quasi-Experimental Evidence
Giulia Canzian, Samuele Poy, Simone Schüller
revised version published in: Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2019, 77, 87–103. [Abstract & Download]
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9373
Lifting the Iron Curtain: School-Age Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions
Oliver Falck, Robert Gold, Stephan Heblich
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