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The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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176 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18247
Training or Retiring? How Labor Markets Adjust to Trade and Technology Shocks
Alexander Bertermann, Wolfgang Dauth, Jens Suedekum, Ludger Woessmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17663
Offshoring, Matching, and Wage Inequality: Theory and Evidence
Gueyon Kim, Dohyeon Lee, Dario Pozzoli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17656
Employment Adjustments to Increased Imports: Evidence from a Developing Country
Beyza Ural Marchand
published online in: Contemporary Economic Policy, 15 March 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17229
Brexit Had No Measurable Effect on Irish Exporters
Benjamin Elsner, Eoin T. Flaherty, Stefanie Haller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17213
Trading Places: Mobility Responses of Native and Foreign-Born Adults to the China Trade Shock
David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17196
The Effect of Export Market Access on Labor Market Power: Firm-Level Evidence from Vietnam
Trang Hoang, Devashish Mitra, Hoang Pham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17116
Offshoring and the Decline of Unions
Jakob R. Munch, William W. Olney
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16895
Heterogeneous Impacts of Trade Shocks on Workers
Patrick Arni, Peter Egger, Katharina Erhardt, Matthias Gubler, Philip Sauré
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16835
Regulating Manufacturing FDI: Local Labor Market Responses to a Protectionist Policy in Indonesia
Esther Gehrke, Robert Genthner, Krisztina Kis-Katos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16589
Economic Sanctions and Informal Employment
Ali Moghaddasi Kelishomi, Roberto Nistico
published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 89, 102581
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16566
Export and Labor Market Outcomes: A Supply Chain Perspective - Evidence from Vietnam
Deeksha Kokas, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Ha Vu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16547
Re-Assessing the Impacts of Exports on Local Labour Market Outcomes: A Supply Chain Perspective. Evidence from Egypt
Pablo Tillian, Deeksha Kokas, Carlos Góes, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16546
Exports to Improve Women's Economic Opportunities in Morocco
Jaime Alfonso Roche Rodriguez, Raymond Robertson, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Daniela Ruiz Zárate
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16473
Local Labor Markets Dynamics and Export Shocks: Theory and Evidence from Indonesia
Carlos Góes, Juan Segnana, Raymond Robertson, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16381
International Trade and Job Polarization: Evidence at the Worker Level
Wolfgang Keller, Hale Utar
published in: Journal of International Economics, 2023, 145, 103810.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16231
Skill-Biased Imports, Skill Acquisition, and Migration
Jingting Fan, Lei Li
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16213
Trade Liberalization and Local Labor Markets in Morocco
Jaime Alfonso Roche Rodriguez, Raymond Robertson, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Daniela Ruiz Zárate
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16093
Early Childhood Conditions and Adolescent Mental Health
Bilge Erten, Pinar Keskin, Rodrigo Pinto, Huihua Xie, Lianming Zhu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16032
Household Responses to Trade Shocks
Aitor Irastorza-Fadrique, Peter Levell, Matthias Parey
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15962
Does Offshoring Shape Labor Market Imperfections? A Comparative Analysis of Belgian and Dutch Firms
Sabien Dobbelaere, Catherine Fuss, Mark Vancauteren
substantially revised version forthcoming as 'Offshoring and labor market power: Comparing Belgian and Dutch firms' in: Industrial Relations
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15892
Gender-Segmented Labor Markets and Trade Shocks
Carlos Góes, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Raymond Robertson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15782
On Trade Policy Preference and Offshoring Ties
Subhayu Bandyopadhyay, Arnab K. Basu, Nancy H. Chau, Devashish Mitra
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15760
Import Competition, Formalization, and the Role of Contract Labor
Pavel Chakraborty, Rahul Singh, Vidhya Soundararajan
published in: World Bank Economic Review, 2024, 38 (4), 741–771,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15722
How Do Immigrants Promote Exports? Networks, Knowledge, Diversity.
Gianluca Orefice, Hillel Rapoport, Gianluca Santoni
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2025, 174, 103443
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15437
New Perspectives on Inequality in Latin America
Manuel Fernandez Sierra, Gabriela Serrano
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15423
China's Skill-Biased Imports
Hongbin Li, Lei Li, Hong Ma
published in: China Economic Review, 2022, 74, 101809
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15411
Mending the Gap: Apparel Export Prices and the Gender Wage Gap in Bangladesh
Raymond Robertson, Deeksha Kokas, Diego Cardozo Medeiros, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15286
Trade Liberalization and Human Capital Accumulation: Evidence from Indian Census
Mehtabul Azam
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15243
Enhanced Intergenerational Occupational Mobility through Trade Expansion: Evidence from Vietnam
Devashish Mitra, Hoang Pham, Beyza Ural Marchand
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15165
Trade-Induced Adoption of New Work
Gueyon Kim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14954
Unbundling the Relationship between Economic Shocks and Crime
Eduardo Ferraz, Rodrigo R. Soares, Juan Vargas
published in: Paolo Buonanno, Paolo Vanin, and Juan Vargas (eds). A Modern Guide to the Economics of Crime, Elgar Modern Guides, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022, 184-204
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14953
Trade, Human Capital, and Income Risk
Liuchun Deng, Pravin Krishna, Mine Zeynep Senses, Jens Stegmaier
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14918
Trade-Offs? The Impact of WTO Accession on Intimate Partner Violence in Cambodia
Bilge Erten, Pinar Keskin
published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2024, 106 (2), 322–333.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14914
Trade and Inequality in Europe and the US
David Dorn, Peter Levell
published in: Oxford Open Economics, 2024, 3, 1042-1068
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14849
Labor Unions and the Electoral Consequences of Trade Liberalization
Pedro Molina Ogeda, Emanuel Ornelas, Rodrigo R. Soares
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2025, 23 (1), 236-280
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14814
Employment Effects of Economic Sanctions in Iran
Ali Moghaddasi Kelishomi, Roberto Nistico
published in: World Development, 2022, 151, 105760.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14804
On the Persistence of the China Shock
David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson
published in: Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2021, 381-476
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14696
Wage Differences According to Workers' Origin: The Role of Working More Upstream in GVCs
Valentine Fays, Benoît Mahy, François Rycx
published in: Labour: Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, 2023, 37 (2), 319-342
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14667
Conditional Cash Transfers and Labor Market Conditions
Teresa Molina, Joaquim Vidiella-Martin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14650
Import Competition and Informal Employment: Empirical Evidence from China
Feicheng Wang, Zhe Liang, Hartmut Lehmann
thoroughly revised version forthcoming as 'Import Competition and the Rise of Precarious Employment. Evidence from Individual-level and Firm-level Data in China' in: Labour Economics, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14604
Temperature, Labor Reallocation, and Industrial Production: Evidence from India
Jonathan Colmer
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2021, 13 (4), 101 - 124
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14597
Poverty and Inequality in Tunisia: Recent Trends
Deeksha Kokas, Abdel Rahmen El Lahga, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14563
Trends in Growth and Labor Markets in the Last Two Decades: Evidence from Tunisia
Deeksha Kokas, Abdel Rahmen El Lahga, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14533
Import Competition and Public Attitudes Towards Trade
Alex Davenport, David Dorn, Peter Levell
also available as: IFS Report no. 176, 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14413
International Trade and Labor Markets: Evidence from the Arab Republic of Egypt
Raymond Robertson, Mexico Alberto Vergara Bahena, Deeksha Kokas, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14224
Trade Shocks, Fertility, and Marital Behavior
Osea Giuntella, Lorenzo Rotunno, Luca Stella
published in: Demography, 2022, 59 (6), 2135-2159
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14152
How Do Low-Skilled Immigrants Adjust to Chinese Import Shocks? Evidence Using English Language Proficiency
Delia Furtado, Haiyang Kong
published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 163, 104681
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14063
Does the Rise of China Lead to the Fall of European Welfare States?
Erling Barth, Henning Finseraas, Anders Kjelsrud, Karl Ove Moene
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14060
Trade and Informality in the Presence of Labor Market Frictions and Regulations
Rafael Dix-Carneiro, Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg, Costas Meghir, Gabriel Ulyssea
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13953
Consequences of a Massive Refugee Influx on Firm Performance and Market Structure
Yusuf Emre Akgündüz, Yusuf Kenan Bağır, Seyit Mümin Cilasun, Murat Güray Kirdar
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2023, 162, 103081.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13861
Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure
David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Kaveh Majlesi
published in: American Economic Review, 2020, 110(10), 3139-3189
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13782
The Effects of International Scrutiny on Manufacturing Workers: Evidence from the Rana Plaza Collapse in Bangladesh
Laurent Bossavie, Yoon Y. Cho, Rachel Heath
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2023, 163, 103107
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13626
Trade Liberalization and the Gender Employment Gap in China
Feicheng Wang, Krisztina Kis-Katos, Minghai Zhou
published as 'Import Competition and the Gender Employment Gap in China' in: Journal of Human Resources, 2024, 59 (6), 1830-1864
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13610
Tracing the Local Impacts of Exports on Poverty and Inequality in Mexico
Carlos Rodriguez Castelan, Emmanuel Vazquez, Hernan Winkler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13538
Divergence in Labour Force Growth: Should Wages and Prices Grow Faster in Germany?
Thomas Beissinger, Joël Hellier, Martyna Marczak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13509
Reconciling Occupational Mobility in the Current Population Survey
Christian vom Lehn, Cache Ellsworth, Zachary Kroff
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2022, 40 (4), 1005 - 1051
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13471
Dream Jobs
Giordano Mion, Luca David Opromolla, Gianmarco Ottaviano
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13267
Automation, Globalization and Vanishing Jobs: A Labor Market Sorting View
Ester Faia, Sébastien Laffitte, Maximilian Mayer, Gianmarco Ottaviano
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13259
Hit by the Silk Road: How Wage Coordination in Europe Mitigates the China Shock
Erling Barth, Henning Finseraas, Anders Kjelsrud, Karl Ove Moene
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13095
Pioneering a New Approach to Improving Working Conditions in Developing Countries: Better Factories Cambodia
Raymond Robertson
published in: Handbook on Globalisation and Labour Standards, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13041
Short and Long-Run Labor Market Effects of Developing Country Exports: Evidence from Bangladesh
Raymond Robertson, Deeksha Kokas, Diego Cardozo Medeiros, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12951
The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Firms' Product and Labor Market Power
Sabien Dobbelaere, Quint Wiersma
published in: Industrial and Corporate Change, 2025, 34 (1), 210 - 233
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12924
The Health Toll of Import Competition
Jérôme Adda, Yarine Fawaz
published in: Economic Journal, 2020, 130 (630), 1501 - 1540
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12714
The Institutional Adjustment Margin to Import Competition: Evidence from Italian Minimum Wages
Alessia Matano, Paolo Naticchioni, Francesco Vona
published as 'The institutional wage adjustment to import competition: evidence from the Italian collective bargaining system' in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2023, 75 (3), 631 - 651
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12593
Offshoring and Skill-Biased Technical Change in the Context of US Protectionism
Pablo Agnese, Jana Hromcová
published as 'Offshoring, welfare, and flexibility in the context of US Protectionism' in: International Economic Journal, 2021, 35 (4), 391 - 410
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12246
Access to Imported Intermediates and Intra-Firm Wage Inequality
Ying Ge, Tony Fang, Yeheng Jiang
published in: World Economy, 2019, 42 (8), 2364-2384.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12002
Labor Market Adjustment to Third Party Competition: Evidence from Mexico
Raymond Robertson, Timothy J. Halliday, Sindhu Vasireddy
published in: World Economy, 2020, 43 (7), 1977 - 2006
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11888
The Role of Institutions and Immigrant Networks in Firms' Offshoring Decisions
Simone Moriconi, Giovanni Peri, Dario Pozzoli
revised version published as 'The role of institutions and immigrant networks in firms' offshoring decisions' in: Canadian Journal of Economics, 2020, 53 (4), 1745 - 1792
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11875
The Effects of Trade Exposure on Marriage and Fertility Choices: Evidence from Brazil
Breno Braga
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11821
Globalisation and the Gender Earnings Gap: Evidence from Sri Lanka and Cambodia 1992-2015
Raymond Robertson, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Yevgeniya Savchenko
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11790
Collateral Damage? Labour Market Effects of Competing with China – at Home and Abroad
Sónia Cabral, Pedro S. Martins, João Pereira dos Santos, Mariana Tavares
published in: Economica, 2021, 88 (350), 570-600
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11783
Enforcement of Labor Regulation and the Labor Market Effects of Trade: Evidence from Brazil
Gabriel Ulyssea, Vladimir Ponczek
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11713
Foreign Competition and Executive Compensation in the Manufacturing Industry: A Comparison between Germany and the U.S.
Katharina Dyballa, Kornelius Kraft
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11499
Competitiveness at the Country-Sector Level: New Measures Based on Global Value Chains
Martyna Marczak, Thomas Beissinger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11480
The Impact of Immigration on Firm-Level Offshoring
William W. Olney, Dario Pozzoli
revised version published as 'The Impact of Immigration on Firm-Level Offshoring' in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2021, 103 (1), 177 - 195
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11465
When Work Disappears: Manufacturing Decline and the Falling Marriage-Market Value of Young Men
David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson
published in: American Economic Review: Insights, 2019, 1 (2), 161-178
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11428
How Do Households Adjust to Trade Liberalization? Evidence from China's WTO Accession
Mi Dai, Wei Huang, Yifan Zhang
published as 'How do households adjust to tariff liberalization? Evidence from China's WTO accession' in: Journal of Development Economics, 2021, 150, 102628
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11415
Cultural Change and the Migration Choice
Mauro Lanati, Alessandra Venturini
published in: Review of World Economy, 2021, 157, 799 - 852
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11346
International Import Competition and the Decision to Migrate: Evidence from Mexico
Kaveh Majlesi, Gaia Narciso
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2018, 132, 75-87
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11299
Adjusting to Globalization in Germany
Wolfgang Dauth, Sebastian Findeisen, Jens Suedekum
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2021, 39 (1), 263–302
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11225
Labor Market Imperfections, Markups and Productivity in Multinationals and Exporters
Sabien Dobbelaere, Kozo Kiyota
published in: Labour Economics, 2018, 53, 198-212
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10924
Offshoring and Wage Inequality: Theory and Evidence from China
Liugang Sheng, Dennis T. Yang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10763
Changes in the German Wage Structure: Unions, Internationalization, Tasks, Firms, and Worker Characteristics
Martin Biewen, Matthias Seckler
revised version published as 'Unions, Internationalization, Tasks, Firms, and Worker Characteristics: A Detailed Decomposition Analysis of Rising Wage Inequality in Germany' in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2019, 17, 461-498
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10552
Globalization and Social Change: Gender-Specific Effects of Trade Liberalization in Indonesia
Krisztina Kis-Katos, Janneke Pieters, Robert Sparrow
published in: IMF Economic Review, 2018, 66 (4), 763-793
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10469
Trade and Manufacturing Jobs in Germany
Wolfgang Dauth, Sebastian Findeisen, Jens Suedekum
published in: American Economic Review, 2017, 107 (5), 337-342
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10468
Labor Market Regulation, International Trade and Footloose Capital
Tapio K. Palokangas
revised version "Public Policy, Footloose Capital, and Union Influence" published in: Review of International Economics, 2020, 28 (4), 976-991.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10420
Countering Public Opposition to Immigration: The Impact of Information Campaigns
Giovanni Facchini, Yotam Margalit, Hiroyuki Nakata
published in: European Economic Review, 2022, 141, 103959
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10295
Trade Liberalization and Child Labor in China
Liqiu Zhao, Fei Wang, Zhong Zhao
revised version published in: China Economic Review, 2021, 65, 101575
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10255
Occupational Choice in Early Industrializing Societies: Experimental Evidence on the Income and Health Effects of Industrial and Entrepreneurial Work
Christopher J. Blattman, Stefan Dercon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10231
Trade Shocks and the Provision of Local Public Goods
Leo Feler, Mine Zeynep Senses
published in: American Economic Review: Economic Policy, 2017, 9 (4), 101 - 143
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10035
Trade Induced Skill Upgrading: Lessons from the Danish and Portuguese Experiences
Grace Weishi Gu, Samreen Malik, Dario Pozzoli, Vera Rocha
revised version published as 'Trade-induced skill polarization' in: Economic Inquiry, 2020, 58 (1), 241 - 259
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10034
Trade Competition, Technology and Labour Reallocation
Selva B. Baziki, Rita Ginja, Teodora Borota Milicevic
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10033
Worker-Level Consequences of Import Shocks
Katariina Nilsson Hakkala, Kristiina Huttunen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9973
Disentangling the Wage Impacts of Offshoring on a Developing Country: Theory and Policy
Subhayu Bandyopadhyay, Arnab K. Basu, Nancy H. Chau, Devashish Mitra
revised version published as 'Consequences of Offshoring to Developing Nations: Labor-Market Outcomes, Welfare and Corrective Interventions' in: Economic Inquiry, 2020, 58 (1), 209 -224
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9971
Coerced Labor in the Cotton Sector: How Global Commodity Prices (Don't) Transmit to the Poor
Alexander M. Danzer, Robert Grundke
published as 'Export price shocks and rural labor markets: The role of labor market distortions' in: Journal of Development Economics, 2020, 145, 102464
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9748
The China Shock: Learning from Labor Market Adjustment to Large Changes in Trade
David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson
published in: Annual Review of Economics, 2016, 8, 205-240
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9638
Local Labor Market Conditions and Crime: Evidence from the Brazilian Trade Liberalization
Rafael Dix-Carneiro, Rodrigo R. Soares, Gabriel Ulyssea
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2018, 10 (4), 158-195
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9437
Do Foreign Workers Reduce Trade Barriers? Microeconomic Evidence
Martyn J. Andrews, Thorsten Schank, Richard Upward
published in World Economy, 2017, 40(9), 1750-1774
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9412
The Welfare Effects of Globalization with Labor Market Regulation
Tapio K. Palokangas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9230
Completing the Monetary Union of Europe as Mid-term Solution of the Euro Crisis
Justina A.V. Fischer, Francesco Pastore
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