IZA Discussion Papers

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15673

Income Misperception and Populism

Thilo N. H. Albers, Felix Kersting, Fabian Kosse

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15621

The Times Have Changed: Tracking the Evolution of Gender Norms over Time

Andreas Kuhn

revised and partially expanded version published in: Research in Labor Economics, 2024, 52B, 131-170

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15590

Measuring Socially Appropriate Social Preferences

Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Andrea Robbett

published in: Games and Economic Behavior 2024, 147, 517 - 532

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15588

Can Grit Be Taught? Lessons from a Nationwide Field Experiment with Middle-School Students

Indhira Santos, Violeta Petroska-Beska, Pedro Carneiro, Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, Ana Maria Munoz Boudet, Inés Berniell, Christian Krekel, Omar Arias, Angela Lee Duckworth

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15576

It Hurts to Ask

Roland Benabou, Ania Jaroszewicz, George Loewenstein

published in: European Economic Review, 2025,171, 104911

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15512

Measuring 'Group Cohesion' to Reveal the Power of Social Relationships in Team Production

Simon Gächter, Chris Starmer, Fabio Tufano

revised version published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2025, 107 (2), 539–554

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15501

Famous after Death: The Effect of a Writer's Death on Book Sales

Michela Ponzo, Vincenzo Scoppa

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2023, 210, 210-225.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15492

Beliefs, Learning, and Personality in the Indefinitely Repeated Prisoner's Dilemma

David Gill, Yaroslav Rosokha

published in: American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 2024, 16 (3), 259– 283

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15441

Challenging Encounters and Within-Physician Practice Variability

Gabriel Chodick, Yoav Goldstein, Ity Shurtz, Dan Zeltzer

published online in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 15 March 2023

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15431

Stigma in Welfare Programs

Pablo Celhay, Bruce D. Meyer, Nikolas Mittag

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15428

Political Ideology, Mood Response, and the Confirmation Bias

David L. Dickinson

published as 'Political ideology, emotion response, and confirmation bias' in: Economic Inquiry, 2025, 63 (1), 181-205

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15367

Study More Tomorrow

Todd Pugatch, Elizabeth Schroeder, Nicholas Wilson

published online in: Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 08 January 2024

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15306

Locus of Control, Self-Control, and Health Outcomes

Ferdi Botha, Sarah C. Dahmann

published in: SSM - Population Health, 2024, 25, 101566

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15238

Is the Price Right? The Role of Morals, Ideology, and Tradeoff Thinking in Explaining Reactions to Price Surges

Julio Elias, Nicola Lacetera, Mario Macis

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15212

Does Social Capital Matter? A Study of Hit-and-Run in US Counties

Stefano Castriota, Sandro Rondinella, Mirco Tonin

published in: Social Science & Medicine, 2023, 329, 116011

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15171

Trust Predicts Compliance with COVID-19 Containment Policies: Evidence from Ten Countries Using Big Data

Francesco Sarracino, Talita Greyling, Kelsey J. O'Connor, Chiara Peroni, Stephanié Rossouw

published in: Economics & Human Biology, 2024, 54, 101412

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15092

American Older Adults in the Time of COVID-19: Vulnerability Types, Aging Attitudes, and Emotional Responses

Mingqi Fu, Jing Guo, Xi Chen, Boxun Han, Farooq Ahmed, Muhammad Shahid, Qilin Zhang

published in: Frontiers in Public Health, 2022, 9, 778084

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15048

What's the Risk from Competing? Competition Aversion and the Gender Wage Gap

Chung Choe, SeEun Jung, Ronald L. Oaxaca

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15043

Managers' Risk Preferences and Firm Training Investments

Marco Caliendo, Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Harald Pfeifer, Arne Uhlendorff, Caroline Wehner

published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 161, 104616

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15032

The Politicized Pandemic: Ideological Polarization and the Behavioral Response to COVID-19

Gianluca Grimalda, Fabrice Murtin, David Pipke, Louis Putterman, Matthias Sutter

published in: European Economic Review, 2023, 156, 104472.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14998

Reducing Sexual-Orientation Discrimination: Experimental Evidence from Basic Information Treatments

Cevat Giray Aksoy, Christopher S. Carpenter, Ralph De Haas, Mathias Dolls, Lisa Windsteiger

revised version published in: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2023, 42 (1), 35 - 59

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14993

Parental Separation and the Formation of Economic Preferences

Sarah C. Dahmann, Nathan Kettlewell, Jack Lam

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14987

Self-Control and Unhealthy Body Weight: The Role of Impulsivity and Restraint

Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Sarah C. Dahmann, Daniel A. Kamhöfer, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch

published in: Economics & Human Biology, 2023, 50, 101263

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14976

The Stability of Self-Control in a Population Representative Study

Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Nancy Kong, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch

published in: Journal of Economic Psychology, 2023, 95, 102599.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14963

Worker Beliefs about Outside Options

Simon Jäger, Christopher Roth, Nina Roussille, Benjamin Schoefer

published in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2024, 139 (3), 1505–1556,

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14937

Family Social Norms and Child Labor

Shirit Katav Herz, Gil S. Epstein

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14920

The Predictive Power of Self-Control for Life Outcomes

Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Sarah C. Dahmann, Daniel A. Kamhöfer, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2022, 197, 725-744

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14916

Digital Access to Healthcare Services and Healthcare Utilization: A Quasi-Experiment

Armenak Antinyan, Stefania Bellio, Marco Bertoni, Luca Corazzini, Elena Narne

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14835

Reference Points and the Tradeoff between Risk and Incentives

Thomas Dohmen, Arjan Non, Tom Stolp

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2021, 192, 813–831

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14820

Individualism, Human Capital Formation, and Labor Market Success

Katharina Hartinger, Sven Resnjanskij, Jens Ruhose, Simon Wiederhold

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14799

Interview Sequences and the Formation of Subjective Assessments

Jonas Radbruch, Amelie Schiprowski

substantially revised version published online in: Review of Economic Studies, 10 April 2024

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14760

Measuring Youth Empowerment: An Illustration Using the Example of Tunisia

Micheline Goedhuys, Michael Grimm, Aline Meysonnat, Eleonora Nillesen, Ann-Kristin Reitmann

published as 'Measuring youth empowerment: An application to Tunisia' in: Journal of International Development, 2024, 36 (4), 1945-1964

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14755

On the Stability of Risk Preferences: Measurement Matters

Joop Adema, Till Nikolka, Panu Poutvaara, Uwe Sunde

published in: Economics Letters, 2022, 210, 110172

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14734

The Heritability of Trust and Trustworthiness Depends on the Measure of Trust

Nathan Kettlewell, Agnieszka Tymula

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14718

Air Pollution Affects Decision-Making: Evidence from the Ballot Box

Luna Bellani, Stefano Ceolotto, Benjamin Elsner, Nico Pestel

published as 'The Political Fallout of Air Pollution' in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2024, 121(18), e2314428121

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14714

Ingroup Bias with Multiple Identities: The Case of Religion and Attitudes Towards Government Size

Daniel Sgroi, Jonathan Yeo, Shi Zhuo

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14702

The Australian Twins Economic Preferences Survey

Nathan Kettlewell, Agnieszka Tymula

published in: Twin Research and Human Genetics, 2021, 24 (6), 365-370

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14690

Order Effects and Employment Decisions: Experimental Evidence from a Nationwide Program

Nicolas Ajzenman, Gregory Elacqua, Luana Marotta, Anne Sofie Olsen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14625

Quasi-Hyperbolic Present Bias: A Meta-Analysis

Stephen L. Cheung, Agnieszka Tymula, Xueting Wang

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14609

Sophistication about Self-Control

Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Sarah C. Dahmann, Daniel A. Kamhöfer, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch

published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2024, 238, 105196

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14608

Shifting Punishment on Minorities: Experimental Evidence of Scapegoating

Michal Bauer, Jana Cahlíková, Julie Chytilová, Gerald Roland

published in: Economic Journal, 2023, 133 (652), 1626–1640

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14607

Psychological Effects of Poverty on Time Preferences

Vojtech Bartos, Michal Bauer, Julie Chytilová, Ian Levely

published in: Economic Journal, 2021, 131 (638), 2357 - 2382

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14594

Estimating Coherency between Survey Data and Incentivized Experimental Data

Christian Belzil, Julie Pernaudet, François Poinas

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14590

Estimating Time Preferences for Leisure

Maria Bigoni, Davide Dragone, Stéphane Luchini, Alberto Prati

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14537

Unethical Decision Making and Sleep Restriction: Experimental Evidence

David L. Dickinson, David Masclet

revised version published in: Games and Economic Behavior, 2023,141, 484-502.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14526

Limited Self-Knowledge and Survey Response Behavior

Armin Falk, Thomas Neuber, Philipp Strack

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14518

Fighting Climate Change: The Role of Norms, Preferences, and Moral Values

Peter Andre, Teodora Boneva, Felix Chopra, Armin Falk

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14467

The Roots of Cooperation

Zvonimir Bašić, Parampreet C. Bindra, Daniela Glätzle-Rützler, Angelo Romano, Matthias Sutter, Claudia Zoller

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14452

Transitory Income Changes and Consumption Smoothing: Evidence from Mexico

Manuela Angelucci, Carlos Chiapa, Silvia Prina, Irvin Rojas

published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2024, 230, 105013

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14440

The Dynamics of Inattention in the (Baseball) Field

James Archsmith, Anthony Heyes, Matthew Neidell, Bhaven Sampat

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14433

Do Women Give Up Competing More Easily? Evidence from Speedcubers

Chao Fang, Ernest Zhang, Junfu Zhang

published in: Economics Letters, 2021, 205, 109943.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14421

The Creativity Premium

David Gill, Victoria L. Prowse

published as 'The Creativity Premium: Exploring the Link between Childhood Creativity and Life Outcomes' in: Journal of Political Economy Microeconomics, 2024, 2 (3), 495–526

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14373

Gender Differences in Job Search and the Earnings Gap: Evidence from Business Majors

Patricia Cortes, Jessica Pan, Laura Pilossoph, Basit Zafar

published as 'Gender Differences in Job Search and the Earnings Gap: Evidence from the Field and Lab' in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2023, 138 (4), 2069–2126

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14351

Formation of College Plans: Expected Returns, Preferences and Adjustment Process

Ghazala Azmat, Katja Maria Kaufmann

published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2024, 22 (2), 669–711

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14316

Mental Health and Abortions among Young Women: Time-Varying Unobserved Heterogeneity, Health Behaviors, and Risky Decisions

Lena Janys, Bettina M. Siflinger

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14257

Evaluating the Sunk Cost Effect

David Ronayne, Daniel Sgroi, Anthony Tuckwell

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2021, 186, 318 - 327

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14198

Income Changes Do Not Influence Political Participation: Evidence from Comparative Panel Data

Sebastian Jungkunz, Paul Marx

published as 'Income changes do not influence political involvement in panel data from six countries' in: European Journal of Political Research, 2022, 61 (3), 829-841

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14176

Moral Hazard Heterogeneity: Genes and Health Insurance Influence Smoking after a Health Shock

Pietro Biroli, Laura Zwyssig

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14155

Why Do Migrants Stay Unexpectedly? Misperceptions and Implications for Integration

Marc Kaufmann, Joël Machado, Bertrand Verheyden

substantially revised version published in: Journal of Mathematical Economics, 2025, 117, 103099.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14142

Motivational Goal Bracketing with Non-rational Goals

Alexander K. Koch, Julia Nafziger

published in: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 2021, 94, 101740

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14137

Cognitive Load and Occupational Injuries

Eric Bonsang, Eve Caroli

published in: Industrial Relations, 2021, 60(2), 219-242.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14111

Altruism or Money? Reducing Teacher Sorting Using Behavioral Strategies in Peru

Nicolas Ajzenman, Eleonora Bertoni, Gregory Elacqua, Luana Marotta, Carolina Méndez Vargas

published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2024, 42 (2), 1049–1091

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14069

Gender Match and the Gender Gap in Venture Capital Financing: Evidence from Shark Tank

Michael Jetter, Kieran Stockley

published as 'Gender match and negotiation: evidence from angel investment on Shark Tank' in: Empirical Economics, 2023, 64, 1947 - 1977

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14030

Parental Paternalism and Patience

Lukas Kiessling, Shyamal Chowdhury, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch, Matthias Sutter

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13977

Fraud Deterrence Institutions Reduce Intrinsic Honesty

Fabio Galeotti, Valeria Maggian, Marie Claire Villeval

revised version published in: Economic Journal, 2021, 131 (638), 2508-2528.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13974

Spillovers and Long-Run Effects of Messages on Tax Compliance: Experimental Evidence from Peru

Juan Francisco Castro, Daniel Velásquez, Arlette Beltrán, Gustavo Yamada

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13964

Interregional Contact and National Identity

Manuel Bagues, Christopher Roth

published as 'Interregional Contact and the Formation of a Shared Identity' in: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2023, 15 (3), 322–350

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13956

Using Social Recognition to Address the Gender Difference in Volunteering for Low Promotability Tasks

Ritwik Banerjee, Priyoma Mustafi

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13943

The Health-Wealth Trade-off during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Communication Matters

Vincenzo Carrieri, Maria De Paola, Francesca Gioia

published in: PLoS ONE, 2021,16 (9), e0256103.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13925

The Effects of a Green Nudge on Municipal Solid Waste: Evidence from a Clear Bag Policy

Mevlude Akbulut-Yuksel, Catherine Boulatoff

published in: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2021, 106, 102404.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13901

Cognitive Skills, Strategic Sophistication, and Life Outcomes

Eduardo Fe, David Gill, Victoria L. Prowse

published in: Journal of Political Economy, 2022, 130 (10), 2643–2704

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13896

Loss Aversion in Social Image Concerns

Vasilisa Petrishcheva, Gerhard Riener, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch

published in: Experimental Economics, 2023, 26, 622–645.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13894

Big Five Personality Traits and Sex

Uwe Jirjahn, Martha Ottenbacher

revised version published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2023, 36, 549 - 580

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13873

The Effect of Group Identity on Hiring Decisions with Incomplete Information

Fortuna Casoria, Ernesto Reuben, Christina Rott

published in: Management Science, 2022, 68, 6336-6345

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13783

Cultural Identity and Social Capital in Italy

Daniel Sgroi, Michela Redoano, Federica Liberini, Ben Lockwood, Emanuele Bracco, Francesco Porcelli

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13775

Dancing with the Populist: New Parties, Electoral Rules and Italian Municipal Elections

Massimo Bordignon, Tommaso Colussi

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13771

An Intensive, School-Based Learning Camp Targeting Academic and Non-Cognitive Skills Evaluated in a Randomized Trial

Charlotte Hvidman, Alexander K. Koch, Julia Nafziger, Søren Albeck Nielsen, Michael Rosholm

published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 88, 102535

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13745

Predictors of Social Distancing and Mask-Wearing Behavior: Panel Survey in Seven U.S. States

Plamen Nikolov, Andreas Pape, Ozlem Tonguc, Charlotte Williams

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13733

Do Recruiters Select Workers with Different Personality Traits for Different Tasks? A Discrete Choice Experiment

Caroline Wehner, Andries de Grip, Harald Pfeifer

published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 78, 102186

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13732

Nudging Demand for Academic Support Services: Experimental and Structural Evidence from Higher Education

Todd Pugatch, Nicholas Wilson

published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2024, 59 (5), 1637-1682

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13723

How People Know Their Risk Preference

Ruben C. Arslan, Martin Brümmer, Thomas Dohmen, Johanna Drewelies, Ralph Hertwig, Gert G. Wagner

published in: Scientific Reports, 2020, 10, 15365

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13690

Are Happier People More Compliant? Global Evidence From Three Large-Scale Surveys During Covid-19 Lockdowns

Christian Krekel, Sarah Swanke, Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Daisy Fancourt

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13661

Anger and Strategic Behavior: A Level-k Analysis

Alessandro Castagnetti, Eugenio Proto

published as 'Anger impairs strategic behavior: A Beauty-Contest based analysis' in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2023, 213, 128-141

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13646

Higher Order Risk Preferences: New Experimental Measures, Determinants and Field Behavior

Sebastian O. Schneider, Matthias Sutter

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13628

Psychological Pressure and the Right to Determine the Moves in Dynamic Tournaments: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment

Mark Kassis, Sascha L. Schmidt, Dominik Schreyer, Matthias Sutter

published in: Games and Economic Behavior, 2021, 126, 278-287.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13619

Large Losses from Little Lies: Randomly Assigned Opportunity to Misrepresent Substantially Lowers Later Cooperation and Worsens Income Inequality

Michalis Drouvelis, Jennifer Gerson, Nattavudh Powdthavee, Yohanes E. Riyanto

publishled in: PLoS ONE, 2023, 18 (3), e0282335.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13595

Social Pressure in the Stadiums: Do Agents Change Behavior without Crowd Support?

Vincenzo Scoppa

published in: Journal of Economic Psychology, 2021, 82, 102344.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13582

The Role of Beliefs in Long Sickness Absence: Experimental Evidence from a Psychological Intervention

Gabriel Pons Rotger, Michael Rosholm

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13578

Experimental Effects of an Absent Crowd on Performances and Refereeing Decisions during COVID-19

Alex Bryson, Peter Dolton, J. James Reade, Dominik Schreyer, Carl Singleton

published as 'Causal effects of an absent crowd on performances and refereeing decisions during Covid-19' in: Economic Letters , 2021, 198, 109664

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13560

Socially Optimal Mistakes? Debiasing COVID-19 Mortality Risk Perceptions and Prosocial Behavior

Martin Abel, Tanya Byker, Jeffrey P. Carpenter

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13559

Short Moves and Long Stays: Homeless Family Responses to Exogenous Shelter Assignments in New York City

Michael T. Cassidy

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13558

A Closer Look: Proximity Boosts Homeless Student Performance in New York City

Michael T. Cassidy

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13517

Overconfidence and Gender Differences in Wage Expectations

Stephanie Briel, Aderonke Osikominu, Gregor Pfeifer, Mirjam Reutter, Sascha Satlukal

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13497

License to Fire? Unemployment Insurance and the Moral Cost of Layoffs

Daniel Keum, Stephan Meier

published as 'License to Layoff? Unemployment Insurance and the Moral Cost of Layoffs' in: Organization Science, 2023, 35 (3), 994-1014

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13474

Selection and Incentives under Time Pressure: The Importance of Framing

Maria De Paola, Francesca Gioia, Valeria Pupo

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13426

Climate Change and Diet

Neha Bose, Thomas Hills, Daniel Sgroi

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13407

Improving Tax Compliance without Increasing Revenue: Evidence from Population-Wide Randomized Controlled Trials in Papua New Guinea

Christopher Hoy, Luke McKenzie, Mathias Sinning

published in: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2024, 72 (2), 691–723

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13406

Present Bias for Monetary and Dietary Rewards: Evidence from Chinese Teenagers

Stephen L. Cheung, Agnieszka Tymula, Xueting Wang

revised version published as 'Present Bias for Monetary and Dietary Rewards' in: Experimental Economics, 2022, 25, 1202–1233

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13386

Trust in the Time of Corona

Tilman Brück, Neil T.N. Ferguson, Patricia Justino, Wolfgang Stojetz

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13380

Things versus People: Gender Differences in Vocational Interests and in Occupational Preferences

Andreas Kuhn, Stefan C. Wolter

revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2022, 203, 210-234

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