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Wim Naudé
Wim Naudé
Research Fellow
RWTH Aachen University
naude@time.rwth-aachen.de External Homepage

I am Professor of the Economics of Innovation, Trade and Development at RWTH Aachen University, Germany, and head of its research section ITD - Innovation, Trade and Development.

I am also a Adjunct Professor at the University of Coimbra, Portugal; and a Fellow of the ASC, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.

My research and teaching is focused on the economics of technological innovation, trade and planetary habitability.

I joined IZA as a Research Fellow in January 2013.

I have authored 66 IZA Discussion Papers, with 536,657 downloads since 2013.
My personal ranking position at IZA: 19 from a total of 14,272 IZA authors.





IZA Publications

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18774
Measuring National Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in Africa: A Critical Response
Alex Coad, Clemens Domnick, Wim Naudé, Pietro Santoleri, Stjepan Srhoj
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18469
Planning and Assessing Export Promotion Activities Using Large International Trade Datasets: The Evolution of the Decision Support Model, 1995-2025
Martin Cameron, Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18447
The Industrial Revolution Reconsidered: Hard Steps, The Great Filter, and Doomsday
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18408
To Infinity and Beyond! Anthropocentric Stories of Innovation and Growth
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18391
Beyond Retaliation: South Africa Can Effectively Counter Trump's Trade Shocks
Riaan Rossouw, Martin Cameron, Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18293
Good-for-Nothing Entrepreneurs: Capitalism and Democratic Decline in the West
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18281
An Economist’s Ode to the Forests and the Sea
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18110
Economics for a Safe Operating Space: A Green-Growth-Degrowth Model
Thomas Gries, Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17794
Climate Technology Entrepreneurship: A Primer
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17773
Retaliation Against Trump’s Trade War: Why and How the EU Should Find Alternative Export Markets
Wim Naudé, Martin Cameron
published online as 'Trump's Trade War: EU Exports ar Risk and Alternative Markets' in: Global Economy Journal, 2025,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17306
What They Don't Teach You about Artificial Intelligence at Business School: Stagnation, Oil, and War
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17158
Entrepreneurship Is Dangerously Obsessed with Growth and Incompatible with Current Visions of a Post-growth Society
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17075
The African Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Index: Conceptual, Methodological and Empirical Flaws and the Way Forward
Wim Naudé
published online in: Journal of Technology Transfer, 25 April 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16916
Is the Scholarly Field of Entrepreneurship at Its End?
Wim Naudé
published as 'Business and entrepreneurship is declining as scholarly field: Empirical evidence' in: PLOS ONE, 2025, 20 (5), e0323297
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16766
Artificial Intelligence and the Discovery of New Ideas: Is an Economic Growth Explosion Imminent?
Derick Almeida, Wim Naudé, Tiago Neves Sequeira
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16483
Destructive Digital Entrepreneurship
Wim Naudé
published in: W. Naudé and B. Power (eds.), Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship and Conflict, Elgar, 2024, 292–328
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16408
Is Productive Entrepreneurship Getting Scarcer? A Reflection on the Contemporary Relevance of Baumol's Typology
Maria Minniti, Wim Naudé, Erik Stam
published in: W. Naudé and B. Power (eds.), Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship and Conflict, Elgar, 2024, 18 - 44
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16191
We Already Live in a Degrowth World, and We Do Not like It
Wim Naudé
published in: W. Naudé (ed.), Economic Growth and Societal Collapse: Beyond Green Growth and Degrowth Fairy Tales, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16139
Melancholy Hues: The Futility of Green Growth and Degrowth, and the Inevitability of Societal Collapse
Wim Naudé
published in: W. Naudé (ed.), Economic Growth and Societal Collapse: Beyond Green Growth and Degrowth Fairy Tales, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16043
Africa's Industrialization Prospects: A Fresh Look
Wim Naudé, Fiona Tregenna
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16000
Artificial Intelligence and the Economics of Decision-Making
Wim Naudé
published in: W. Naudé and T. Gries and N. Dimitri (eds.), Artificial Intelligence: Economic Perspectives and Models, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15946
State-Based Conflict and Entrepreneurship: Empirical Evidence
Wim Naudé, Ernesto Amorós, Tilman Brück
published in: W. Naudé and B. Power, Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship and Conflict, Edward Elgar, 2024, 106–140
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15924
Extraterrestrial Artificial Intelligence: The Final Existential Risk?
Wim Naudé
published in: W. Naudé and T. Gries and N. Dimitri (eds.), Artificial Intelligence: Economic Perspectives and Models, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15713
The Future Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Mythical Agents, a Singleton and the Dark Forest
Wim Naudé
published in: W. Naudé and T. Gries and N. Dimitri (eds.), Artificial Intelligence: Economic Perspectives and Models, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15607
The Ossified Economy: The Case of Germany, 1870-2020
Wim Naudé, Paula Nagler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15077
Breakthroughs, Backlashes and Artificial General Intelligence: An Extended Real Options Approach
Thomas Gries, Wim Naudé
published in: W. Naudé and T. Gries and N. Dimitri (eds.), Artificial Intelligence: Economic Perspectives and Models, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14545
Crowdsourcing Artificial Intelligence in Africa: Findings from a Machine Learning Contest
Wim Naudé, Amy Bray, Celina Lee
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14341
The Race of Man and Machine: Implications of Technology When Abilities and Demand Constraints Matter
Thomas Gries, Wim Naudé
published in: W. Naudé and T. Gries and N. Dimitri (eds.), Artificial Intelligence: Economic Perspectives and Models, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14171
Modelling Artificial Intelligence in Economics
Thomas Gries, Wim Naudé
published in: Journal for Labour Market Research, 2022, 56, 12 (2022)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14154
The Rise and Fall of German Innovation
Wim Naudé, Paula Nagler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14021
Public Procurement and Innovation for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence
Wim Naudé, Nicola Dimitri
published in: W. Naudé and T. Gries and N. Dimitri (eds.), Artificial Intelligence: Economic Perspectives and Models, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13875
Export-Led Growth after COVID-19: The Case of Portugal
Wim Naudé, Martin Cameron
published in: Notas Economicas, 2021, 52 (1), 7–53
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13835
Extreme Events, Entrepreneurial Start-Ups, and Innovation: Theoretical Conjectures
Thomas Gries, Wim Naudé
published in: Economics of Disaster and Climate Change, 2021, 5, 329–353
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13829
Industrialization under Medieval Conditions? Global Development after COVID-19
Wim Naudé
published in: Covid Economics, 2020, 55 (4), 100-121.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13667
Digital Entrepreneurship Research: A Concise Introduction
Wim Naudé, Werner Liebregts
published as 'Digital Entrepreneurship' in: Liebregts, W., van den Heuvel, WJ., van den Born, A. (eds), Data Science for Entrepreneurship. Classroom Companion: Business. Springer, Cham, 2023, 279-303
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13649
Failing to Pull Together: South Africa's Troubled Response to COVID-19
Wim Naudé, Martin Cameron
published in: Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 2021, 15 (2), 219 - 235
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13606
Artificial Intelligence, Income Distribution and Economic Growth
Thomas Gries, Wim Naudé
published in: W. Naudé and T. Gries and N. Dimitri (eds.), Artificial Intelligence: Economic Perspectives and Models, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13436
Entrepreneurial Recovery from COVID-19: Decentralization, Democratization, Demand, Distribution, and Demography
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13110
Artificial Intelligence against COVID-19: An Early Review
Wim Naudé
published in: AI & Society, 2020, 35 (3), 761-765
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12678
Three Varieties of Africa’s Industrial Future
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12602
The Decline in Entrepreneurship in the West: Is Complexity Ossifying the Economy?
Wim Naudé
published as ' From the entrepreneurial to the ossified economy' in: Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2022, 46 (1), 105 - 131
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12218
The Race against the Robots and the Fallacy of the Giant Cheesecake: Immediate and Imagined Impacts of Artificial Intelligence
Wim Naudé
published as 'Artificial intelligence: neither Utopian nor apocalyptic impacts soon' in: Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 2021, 30 (1), 1-23.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12141
The Past and Future of Manufacturing in Central and Eastern Europe: Ready for Industry 4.0?
Wim Naudé, Aleksander Surdej, Martin Cameron
published as 'Ready for Industry 4.0? The Case of Central and Eastern Europe' in: Mohammad Dastbaz, Peter Cochrane (eds.), Industry 4.0 and Engineering for the Future, Springer International, 2019, 153-175
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12005
Artificial Intelligence, Jobs, Inequality and Productivity: Does Aggregate Demand Matter?
Thomas Gries, Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11941
Brilliant Technologies and Brave Entrepreneurs: A New Narrative for African Manufacturing
Wim Naudé
published in: Journal of International Affairs, 2019, 72 (1), 143 - 158
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11737
The Race for an Artificial General Intelligence: Implications for Public Policy
Wim Naudé, Nicola Dimitri
published in: AI & Society, 2020, 35, 367–379
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11332
Return Migration and Self-Employment: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan
Tilman Brück, Clotilde Mahe, Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11195
Cities and Entrepreneurs over Time: Like a Horse and Carriage?
Wim Naudé
revised version published as 'Urbanisation and Entrepreneurship in Development: Like a Horse and Carriage? 'in: Dastbaz,M., Naudé, W. and Manoochehri, J. (eds.), Smart Futures, Challenges of Urbanisation, and Social Sustainability, Springer, 2018, 29 - 47
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11194
Technological Innovation and Inclusive Growth in Germany
Wim Naudé, Paula Nagler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11103
The Intersection of the Fields of Entrepreneurship and Development Economics: A Review towards a New View
Jolanda Hessels, Wim Naudé
published in: Journal of Economic Surveys, 2019, 33 (2), 389 - 403
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10855
Entrepreneurship, Education and the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Africa
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9817
Is European Entrepreneurship in Crisis?
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9744
The Entrepreneurship Beveridge Curve
Thomas Gries, Stefan Jungblut, Wim Naudé
published in: International Journal of Economic Theory, 2016, 12 (2), 151-165
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9743
Business in Genocide: Understanding and Avoiding Complicity
Nora Stel, Wim Naudé
published in: Charles H. Anderton and Jurgen Brauer (eds.), Economic Aspects of Genocides, Other Mass Atrocities, and Their Preventions, Oxford University Press, 2016, 591–612
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9521
Entrepreneurship and the Reallocation of African Farmers
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9284
Migration, Entrepreneurship and Development: A Critical Review
Wim Naudé, Melissa Siegel, Katrin Marchand
published as 'Migration, entrepreneurship and development: critical questions' in: IZA Journal of Migration, 2017, 6, Article 5 (2017)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8564
Young Entrepreneurs in Rural Africa: Prevalence, Determinants, Productivity
Paula Nagler, Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8524
Labor Productivity in Rural African Enterprises: Empirical Evidence from the LSMS-ISA
Paula Nagler, Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8295
Non-Farm Enterprise Productivity and Spatial Autocorrelation in Rural Africa: Evidence from Ethiopia and Nigeria
Nkechi S. Owoo, Wim Naudé
published as 'Spatial proximity and firm performance: evidence from non-farm rural enterprises in Ethiopia and Nigeria' in: Regional Studies, 2016, 51 (5), 688–700
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8008
Non-Farm Entrepreneurship in Rural Africa: Patterns and Determinants
Paula Nagler, Wim Naudé
published as 'Non-farm entrepreneurship in rural sub-Saharan Africa: New empirical evidence' in: Food Policy, 2017, 67, 175-191
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7889
Skill Variety, Innovation and New Business Formation
Jolanda Hessels, Udo Brixy, Wim Naudé, Thomas Gries
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7795
Public-Private Entanglement: Entrepreneurship in a Hybrid Political Order, the Case of Lebanon
Nora Stel, Wim Naudé
published as 'Public–Private Entanglement’: Entrepreneurship in Lebanon’s Hybrid Political Order' in: Journal of Development Studies, 2016, 52 (2), 254–268
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7547
'Romanticizing Penniless Entrepreneurs?' The Relationship between Start-Ups and Human Wellbeing across Countries
Wim Naudé, José Ernesto Amorós, Oscar Cristi
published as 'Should We Romanticize Penniless Entrepreneurs?: Startups and Human Wellbeing across Countries' in: Academy of Management Proceedings, 2012, 1, 15914
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7543
Industrialization Lessons from BRICS: A Comparative Analysis
Wim Naudé, Adam Szirmai, Alejandro Lavopa
published as 'Industrialisation and Technological Change in the BRICS: The Role of Foreign and Domestic Investment' in: W. Naudé, A. Szirmai, and N. Haraguch (eds.), Structural Change and Industrial Development in the BRICS, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7507
Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: Theory, Evidence and Policy
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7346
Firm-Level Heterogeneity and the Decision to Export: A Real Option Approach
Wim Naudé, Thomas Gries, Natasa Bilkic
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7338
The Radical Innovation Investment Decision Refined
Natasa Bilkic, Thomas Gries, Wim Naudé
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Olga Nottmeyer
olga.nottmeyer-ext@liser.lu
+352 585-855-501
Network Coordination
Christina Gathmann
christina.gathmann@liser.lu

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