IZA Discussion Papers

forthcoming in: V. Aranitou, A. Angelakis, and M. Manioudis (eds), The Economic Impact of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Analytical Approaches to Growth and Innovation Challenges Amid Crises in Europe, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2025

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17369

What Has Happened to EUSS Applications from Wales since June 2021?

Stephen Drinkwater, Matt Curds, Ffion Lloyd-Williams

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17321

Business Disruptions Due to Social Vulnerability and Criminal Activities in Urban Areas

Nick Drydakis

published in: Journal of Criminal Justice, 2024, 95, 102293

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17281

Aggregate Implications of Barriers to Female Entrepreneurship

Gaurav Chiplunkar, Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17278

The Perceived Impact of Immigration on Native Workers' Labour Market Outcomes

Bernd Hayo, Duncan H.W. Roth

published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2024, 85, 102610

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17231

Entrepreneurs: Clueless, Biased, Poor Heuristics, or Bayesian Machines?

Thomas B. Astebro, Frank M. Fossen, Cédric Gutierrez

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17231

Entrepreneurs: Clueless, Biased, Poor Heuristics, or Bayesian Machines?

Thomas B. Astebro, Frank M. Fossen, Cédric Gutierrez

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17170

The Long Run Gender Origins of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Australia's Convict History

Sefa Awaworyi Churchill, Simon Chang, Russell Smyth, Trong-Anh Trinh

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17158

Entrepreneurship Is Dangerously Obsessed with Growth and Incompatible with Current Visions of a Post-growth Society

Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17148

Earnings Assimilation of Post-reunification East German Migrants in West Germany

Regina T. Riphahn, Irakli Sauer

published in: Labour, 2024, 38 (4), 475-510

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17075

The African Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Index: Conceptual, Methodological and Empirical Flaws and the Way Forward

Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17075

The African Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Index: Conceptual, Methodological and Empirical Flaws and the Way Forward

Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17055

Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship

Frank M. Fossen, Trevor McLemore, Alina Sorgner

published in: Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2024, 20 (8), 781-904

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17055

Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship

Frank M. Fossen, Trevor McLemore, Alina Sorgner

published in: Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2024, 20 (8), 781-904

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17055

Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship

Frank M. Fossen, Trevor McLemore, Alina Sorgner

published in: Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2024, 20 (8), 781-904

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17055

Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship

Frank M. Fossen, Trevor McLemore, Alina Sorgner

published in: Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2024, 20 (8), 781-904

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17014

A Hands-on Machine Learning Primer for Social Scientists: Math, Algorithms and Code

Nikos Askitas

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16967

Is Poverty Reduction in Europe Doomed? Conjectures, Facts and a Cautiously Optimistic Conclusion

Ive Marx, Henri Haapanala, Sarah Marchal

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16950

What Works in Supporting Women-Led Businesses?

Diego Ubfal

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16930

Long-Term Effects of Shocks on New Opportunity and Necessity Entrepreneurship

Emilio Congregado, Frank M. Fossen, Nicola Rubino, David Troncoso

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16930

Long-Term Effects of Shocks on New Opportunity and Necessity Entrepreneurship

Emilio Congregado, Frank M. Fossen, Nicola Rubino, David Troncoso

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16916

Is the Scholarly Field of Entrepreneurship at Its End?

Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16913

Overeducation, Overskilling and Job Satisfaction in Europe: The Moderating Role of Employment Contracts

Romina Giuliano, Benoît Mahy, François Rycx, Guillaume Vermeylen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16841

What Mattered Most in the Brexit Vote? Evidence from Detailed Regression and Decomposition Analysis

Stephen Drinkwater, David H. Blackaby, Catherine Robinson

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16802

Does a Tragic Event Affect Different Aspects of Attitudes toward Immigration?

Odelia Heizler (Cohen), Osnat Israeli

published online in: Migration Studies, 07 March 2024

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16749

The Effect of Migration on Careers of Natives: Evidence from Long-Term Care

Peter Haan, Izabela Wnuk

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16683

Income Taxation and Hours Worked in Different Types of Entrepreneurship

Ege Can, Frank M. Fossen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16679

Access to Digital Finance: Equity Crowdfunding across Countries and Platforms

Saul Estrin, Susanna Khavul, Alexander S. Kritikos, Jonas Löher

published in: PLoS ONE, 2024, 19 (1), e0293292.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16662

Capital Markets, Temporary Migration and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Bangladesh

Laurent Bossavie, Joseph-Simon Goerlach, Çağlar Özden, He Wang

published in: World Development, 2024, 176, 106505

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16657

Echoes of the Past: The Enduring Impact of Communism on Contemporary Freedom of Speech Values

Milena Nikolova, Olga Popova

revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2024, 227, 106739

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16615

The "Demise of the Caregiving Daughter"? Gender Employment Gaps and the Use of Formal and Informal Care in Europe

Eric Bonsang, Joan Costa-Font

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16614

Anticipation Effects of EU Accession on Immigrants' Labour Market Outcomes

Alberto Dalmazzo, Roberto Leombruni, Tiziano Razzolini

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16604

Unionization of Retired Workers in Europe

Vinzenz Pyka, Claus Schnabel

published in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2025, 31 (1), 5-29

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16565

Understanding the Impacts of Paid Maternity Leave on Women's Labor Market Outcomes

Lillian Bates, Oliver Hall, Pamela Jakiela

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16534

Are Senior Entrepreneurs Happier than Who? The Role of Income and Health

Michael Fritsch, Alina Sorgner, Michael Wyrwich

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16531

COVID-19 and the European Education Performance Decline: A Focus on Primary School Children's Reading Achievement between 2016 and 2021

Sylke V. Schnepf, Silvia Granato

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16515

Are Immigrants Particularly Entrepreneurial? Policy Lessons from a Selective Immigration System

David A. Green, Huju Liu, Yuri Ostrovsky, Garnett Picot

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16489

Unintended Consequences of Youth Entrepreneurship Programs: Experimental Evidence from Rwanda

Moussa Blimpo, Todd Pugatch

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16487

Bottom-up Policies Trump Top-down Missions

Magnus Henrekson, Mikael Stenkula

published in: Magnus Henrekson, Christian Sandström, and Mikael Stenkula (eds.), Moonshots and the New Industrial Policy, Cham: Springer, 2024, 309–331

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16487

Bottom-up Policies Trump Top-down Missions

Magnus Henrekson, Mikael Stenkula

published in: Magnus Henrekson, Christian Sandström, and Mikael Stenkula (eds.), Moonshots and the New Industrial Policy, Cham: Springer, 2024, 309–331

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16483

Destructive Digital Entrepreneurship

Wim Naudé

published in: W. Naudé and B. Power (eds.), Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship and Conflict, Elgar, 2024, 292–328

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16468

A Bad Break-up? Assessing the Effects of the 2016 Brexit Referendum on Migration

Joanna Clifton-Sprigg, Ines Homburg, Jonathan James, Suncica Vujic

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16443

Divergent Thinking and Post-Launch Entrepreneurial Outcomes: Non-Linearities and the Moderating Role of Experience

Marco Caliendo, Daniel Rodriguez

published in: Small Business Economics, 2024, 62, 1523-1553

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16412

The Impacts of COVID-19 on Racial Inequality in Business Earnings

Robert W. Fairlie

published in: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2024, 43 (1), 258 - 288

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16408

Is Productive Entrepreneurship Getting Scarcer? A Reflection on the Contemporary Relevance of Baumol's Typology

Maria Minniti, Wim Naudé, Erik Stam

published in: W. Naudé and B. Power (eds.), Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship and Conflict, Elgar, 2024, 18 - 44

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16319

Air Pollution and Entrepreneurship

Liwen Guo, Zhiming Cheng, Massimiliano Tani, Sarah Cook, Jiaqi Zhao, Xi Chen

published in: China Economic Review, 2025, 89, 102327

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16238

Maternity Benefits and Marital Stability after Birth: Evidence from the Soviet Baltic Republics

Elizabeth Brainerd, Olga Malkova

published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2023, 36 (4), 2309-2345

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16201

COVID-19 and Entrepreneurship

Alina Sorgner

published in: Zimmermann, K.F. (ed.) Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. Springer, Cham., 2023.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16164

Are Immigrants More Left Wing than Natives?

Simone Moriconi, Giovanni Peri, Riccardo Turati

published as 'Analyzing political preferences of second-generation immigrants across the rural–urban divide', in: Journal of Urban Economics, 2025, 146, 103740.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16156

Expecting Brexit and UK Migration: Should I Go?

Valentina Di Iasio, Jackline Wahba

published in: European Economic Review, 2023, 157, 104484

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16145

Prior Work Experience and Entrepreneurship: The Careers of Young Entrepreneurs

Nicolas Gendron-Carrier

forthcoming in: Journal of Labor Economics

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16138

The Gender Reference Point Gap

Nathan Kettlewell, Jonathan Levy, Agnieszka Tymula, Xueting Wang

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16108