The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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298 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17904
Meaning at Work
Nava Ashraf, Oriana Bandiera, Virginia Minni, Luigi Zingales
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17812
Leaving Money on the Table
Mackenzie Alston, Tatyana Deryugina, Olga Shurchkov
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17778
On the Role of Legislation as a Driver of Incentive Management Practices in Europe
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17606
Do Stronger Employer Responsibilities Enhance Workplace Accommodation for Sick-Listed Workers? Evidence from a Dutch Reform
Laura Jansen, Viola Angelini, Max Groneck, Raun van Ooijen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17519
Coordination Games Played by Children and Teenagers: On the Influence of Age, Group Size and Incentives
Daniela Glätzle-Rützler, Matthias Sutter, Claudia Zoller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17287
One Size Fits All? The Interplay of Incentives, Effort Provision, and Personality
Zvonimir Bašić, Stefania Bortolotti, Daniel Salicath, Stefan Schmidt, Sebastian O. Schneider, Matthias Sutter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17267
Evaluating Yourself and Your Peers
Mingye Ma, Gerhard Riener, Youzong Xu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17224
Tax Incentives and Return Migration
Jacopo Bassetto, Giuseppe Ippedico
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17119
Making the Right Call: The Heterogeneous Effects of Individual Performance Pay on Productivity
Marco Clemens, Jan Sauermann
published in: Labour Economics, 2025, 94, 102694
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17109
Reducing the Child Penalty by Incentivizing Maternal Part-Time Work?
Laurenz Baertsch, Malte Sandner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17042
Informal Incentives and Labor Markets
Matthias Fahn, Takeshi Murooka
published in: Economic Journal, 2025, 135 (665), 144–179
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16872
Incentive Contracts Crowd Out Voluntary Cooperation: Evidence from Gift-Exchange Experiments
Simon Gächter, Esther Kaiser, Manfred Königstein
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16872
Incentive Contracts Crowd Out Voluntary Cooperation: Evidence from Gift-Exchange Experiments
Simon Gächter, Esther Kaiser, Manfred Königstein
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16812
Multi-Rater Performance Evaluations and Incentives
Axel Ockenfels, Dirk Sliwka, Peter Werner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16652
How Negative Labor Supply Shocks Affect Training in Firms: Lessons from Opening the Swiss-German Border
Caroline Neuber-Pohl, Damiano Pregaldini, Uschi Backes-Gellner, Sandra Dummert, Harald Pfeifer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16470
Retirement Decision of Belgian Couples and the Impact of the Social Security System
Sefane Cetin, Alain Jousten
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16379
Non-monetary Interventions, Workforce Retention and Hospital Quality: Evidence from the English NHS
Giuseppe Moscelli, Melisa Sayli, Jo Blanden, Marco Mello, Henrique Castro-Pires, Chris Bojke
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16333
Outside Options and Worker Motivation
Alexander Ahammer, Matthias Fahn, Flora Stiftinger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16284
Incentive Complexity, Bounded Rationality and Effort Provision
Johannes Abeler, David B. Huffman, Collin Raymond
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16172
Does a Flexible Parental Leave System Stimulate Maternal Employment?
Lennart Ziegler, Omar Bamieh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16165
Patient versus Provider Incentives in Long-Term Care
Martin B. Hackmann, Vincent Pohl, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2024, 16 (3), 178–218
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16165
Patient versus Provider Incentives in Long-Term Care
Martin B. Hackmann, Vincent Pohl, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2024, 16 (3), 178–218
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16060
Provider Responses to the Expansion of Public Subsidies in Healthcare: The Case of Oral Chemotherapy Treatment in Australia
Maryam Naghsh Nejad, Serena Yu, Philip Haywood
published in: Social Science & Medicine, 2023, 330, 116041
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16028
Overexertion of Effort under Working Time Autonomy and Feedback Provision
Thomas Dohmen, Elena Shvartsman
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2023, 212, 255-1266
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16025
Tournament Incentives Affect Perceived Stress and Hormonal Stress Responses
Thomas Dohmen, Ingrid M.T. Rohde, Tom Stolp
published in: Experimental Economics, 2023, 26 (4), 955–985.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15890
What Drives Paternity Leave: Financial Incentives or Flexibility?
Lennart Ziegler, Omar Bamieh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15881
Implicit Contracts, Incentive Compatibility, and Involuntary Unemployment: Thirty Years On
W. Bentley MacLeod, James Malcomson
published in: Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economicsi (JITE), 2023, 179 (3), 470 - 499
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15716
Revenue Drift, Incentives, and Effort Allocation in Social Enterprises
Theodor Vladasel, Simon C. Parker, Randolph Sloof, Mirjam C. van Praag
published in: Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 2024, 33 (3), 630 - 651
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15668
Investment Tax Credits and the Response of Firms
Adrian Lerche
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15599
Mystery Shopping as a Strategic Management Practice in Multi-Site Firms
Sidney T. Block, Guido Friebel, Matthias Heinz, Nick Zubanov
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15532
Gender, Motivation, and Self-Selection into Teaching
Francesca Barigozzi, Jaai Parasnis, Massimiliano Tani
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15480
Do Non-monetary Interventions Improve Staff Retention? Evidence from English NHS Hospitals
Melisa Sayli, Giuseppe Moscelli, Jo Blanden, Chris Bojke, Marco Mello
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15195
In-Group Favoritism and Peer Effects in Wrongful Acquittals: NBA Referees as Judges
Naci Mocan, Eric Osborne-Christenson
published in: Journal of Law and Economics, 2024, 67 (4), 731–766
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15173
Why Do Temporary Workers Have Higher Disability Insurance Risks Than Permanent Workers?
Pierre Koning, Paul Muller, Roger Prudon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15001
The Variability and Volatility of Sleep: An Archetypal Approach
Daniel S. Hamermesh, Gerard A. Pfann
published in: Economics & Human Biology, 2022, 47, 101175
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14779
The Right Person for the Right Job: Workers' Prosociality as a Screening Device
Maria Bigoni, Matteo Ploner, Thi-Thanh-Tam Vu
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2023, 212, 53 - 73
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14683
Who Benefits from Tax Incentives? The Heterogeneous Wage Incidence of a Tax Credit
Clément Carbonnier, Clément Malgouyres, Loriane Py, Camille Urvoy
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2022, 206, 104577
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14595
Incentives, Self-Selection, and Coordination of Motivated Agents for the Production of Social Goods
Kevin Bauer, Michael Kosfeld, Ferdinand von Siemens
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14594
Estimating Coherency between Survey Data and Incentivized Experimental Data
Christian Belzil, Julie Pernaudet, François Poinas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14565
Return-to-Work Policies' Clawback Regime and Labor Supply in Disability Insurance Programs
Arezou Zaresani, Miguel Olivo-Villabrille
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 78, 102215
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14503
The Long-Run Effects of Consequential School Accountability
Jonathan Mansfield, David Slichter
forthcoming in: Journal of Labor Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14285
Job Design, Learning & Intrinsic Motivation
Michael Gibbs
published in: Tor Eriksson (ed.), Elgar Encyclopedia of Labour Studies, Edward Elgar, 2023, 86–90
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14242
Incentives for Cooperation in Teams: Sociality Meets Decision Rights
Britta Butz, Pablo Guillen Alvarez, Christine Harbring
published in: Review of Managerial Science, 2024, 18, 2925 - 2951
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14199
Information Provision, Incentives, and Attention: A Field Experiment on Facilitating and Influencing Managers' Decisions
Kathrin Manthei, Dirk Sliwka, Timo Vogelsang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14125
Non-linear Incentives, Worker Productivity, and Firm Profits: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment
Richard B. Freeman, Wei Huang, Teng Li
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14111
Altruism or Money? Reducing Teacher Sorting Using Behavioral Strategies in Peru
Nicolas Ajzenman, Eleonora Bertoni, Gregory Elacqua, Luana Marotta, Carolina Méndez Vargas
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2024, 42 (2), 1049–1091
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14014
The Distinct Impact of Information and Incentives on Cheating
Julien Benistant, Fabio Galeotti, Marie Claire Villeval
revised version published as 'Competition, information, and the erosion of morals' in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2022, 204, 148-163,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13999
Improving Healthy Eating in Children: Experimental Evidence
Gary Charness, Ramón Cobo-Reyes, Erik Eyster, Gabriel Katz, Ángela Sánchez, Matthias Sutter
revised version publishedd as 'Improving children’s food choices: Experimental evidence from the field: in: European Economic Review, 2023, 159, 104562
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13898
Workplace Incentives and Organizational Learning
Francesco Amodio, Miguel A. Martinez-Carrasco
published in: Journal of Labor Economics 2023, 41 (2), 453-478
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13860
Labor-Market Conditions and Leadership Styles
Robert Dur, Ola Kvaløy, Anja Schöttner
revised version published in: Management Science, 2022, 68 (4), 3150-3168
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13845
Understanding the Response to High-Stakes Incentives in Primary Education
Maximilian Bach, Mira Fischer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13758
Discontinuous System of Allowances: The Response of Prosocial Health-Care Professionals
Helena Hernandez-Pizarro, Catia Nicodemo, Guillem López Casasnovas
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2021, 190, 104248
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13732
Nudging Demand for Academic Support Services: Experimental and Structural Evidence from Higher Education
Todd Pugatch, Nicholas Wilson
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2024, 59 (5), 1637-1682
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13696
Recruitment, Effort, and Retention Effects of Performance Contracts for Civil Servants: Experimental Evidence from Rwandan Primary Schools
Clare Leaver, Owen Ozier, Pieter Serneels, Andrew Zeitlin
published in: American Economic Review 2021, 111 (7), 2213 - 2246
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13498
Team Incentives, Social Cohesion, and Performance: A Natural Field Experiment
Josse Delfgaauw, Robert Dur, Oke Onemu, Joeri Sol
published in: Management Science, 2022, 68 (1), 230-256
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13373
Allocating Subsidies for Private Investments to Maximize Jobs Impacts
David A. Robalino, Jose M. Romero, Ian Walker
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13345
Monetary and Social Incentives in Multi-Tasking: The Ranking Substitution Effect
Matthias Stefan, Jürgen Huber, Michael Kirchler, Matthias Sutter, Markus Walzl
published in: European Economic Review, 2023, 56, 104458
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13287
Bias and Careers: Evidence from the Aid Effectiveness Literature
Chris Doucouliagos, Thomas Hinz, Katarina Zigova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13108
The Response to Dynamic Incentives in Insurance Contracts with a Deductible: Evidence from a Differences-in-Regression-Discontinuities Design
Tobias J. Klein, Martin Salm, Suraj Upadhyay
revised version published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2022, 210, 104660
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12992
Working Too Much for Too Little: Stochastic Rewards Cause Work Addiction
Brice Corgnet, Simon Gächter, Roberto Hernán González
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12905
When Too Good Is Too Much: Social Incentives and Job Selection
Tommaso G. Reggiani, Rainer Michael Rilke
revised version online as 'Designing Donation Incentive Contracts for Online Gig Workers' in: Journal of Business Ethics, 2024, 190, 553 - 568
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12872
The Economics behind the Epidemic: Afghan Opium Price and Prescription Opioids in the US
Claudio Deiana, Ludovica Giua, Roberto Nistico
published as 'Opium Price Shocks and Prescription Opioids in the US' in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2024, 86 (3), 449 - 484
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12850
Why Are There More Accidents on Mondays? Economic Incentives, Ergonomics or Externalities
Michelle Poland, Isabelle Sin, Steven Stillman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12840
Inputs, Incentives, and Self-Selection at the Workplace
Francesco Amodio, Miguel A. Martinez-Carrasco
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12772
Why Don't We Sleep Enough? A Field Experiment among College Students
Mallory Avery, Osea Giuntella, Peiran Jiao
published online in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 27 September 2022
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12748
Combined and Distributional Effects of EPL Reduction and Hiring Incentives: An Assessment Using Non-Linear DiD
Chiara Ardito, Fabio Berton, Lia Pacelli
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2023, 21, 925–954
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12667
Paying Gig Workers – Evidence from a Field Experiment
Sebastian Butschek, Roberto González Amor, Patrick Kampkötter, Dirk Sliwka
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12600
Teacher Performance Pay and Student Learning: Evidence from a Nationwide Program in Peru
Cristina Bellés Obrero, María Lombardi
published in: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2022, 70 (4), 1631–1669
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12493
Publication Bias and Editorial Statement on Negative Findings
Cristina Blanco-Perez, Abel Brodeur
published in: Economic Journal, 2020, 130 (623), 1226-1247
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12437
Rank Incentives and Social Learning: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Isabella Dobrescu, Marco Faravelli, Rigissa Megalokonomou, Alberto Motta
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12297
More Hospital Choices, More C-Sections: Evidence from Chile
Ramiro de Elejalde, Eugenio Giolito
revised version published as "A demand-smoothing incentive for cesarean deliveries" in: Journal of Health Economics 2021, 75, 102411
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12267
Helping under a Combination of Team and Tournament Incentives
Anastasia Danilov, Bernd Irlenbusch, Christine Harbring
published in: in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 2019, 162, 120-135
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12264
Responding to Regulation: The Effects of Changes in Mandatory Retirement Laws on Firm-Provided Incentives
Anders Frederiksen, Colleen Flaherty Manchester
published as 'Personnel Practices and Regulation: How Firm-Provided Incentives Respond to Changes in Mandatory Retirement Law' in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2021, 39 (4), 1011-1042
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12250
The Pied Piper: Prizes, Incentives, and Motivation Crowding-In
Luigino Bruni, Vittorio Pelligra, Tommaso G. Reggiani, Matteo Rizzolli
revised version published in: Journal of Business Ethics, 2020, 166(3), 643-658
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12225
Do Tax Incentives Affect Business Location and Economic Development? Evidence from State Film Incentives
Patrick Button
published in: Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2019, 77, 315-339.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12217
Incentives, Search Engines, and the Elicitation of Subjective Beliefs: Evidence from Representative Online Survey Experiments
Elisabeth Grewenig, Katharina Werner, Ludger Woessmann, Philipp Lergetporer
published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2022, 231 (1), 304-326
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12155
Have You Read This? An Empirical Comparison of the British REF Peer Review and the Italian VQR Bibliometric Algorithm
Daniele Checchi, Alberto Ciolfi, Gianni De Fraja, Irene Mazzotta, Stefano Verzillo
published in Economica, 2021, 88 (352), 1107-1129
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11942
Leveraging Patients' Social Networks to Overcome Tuberculosis Underdetection: A Field Experiment in India
Jessica Goldberg, Mario Macis, Pradeep Chintagunta
published as 'Incentivized Peer Referrals for Tuberculosis Screening: Evidence from India' in: American Economic Review: Applied Economics, 2023, 15 (1), 259 - 291
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11920
High-Powered Performance Pay and Crowding out of Non-Monetary Motives
David B. Huffman, Michael L. Bognanno
published in: Management Science, 2018, 64 (10), 4669-4680.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11889
Employee Absence: An Organizational Perspective
Jacob Kjær Eskildsen, Anders Frederiksen, Ann-Kristina Løkke
published as 'Employee Absence in Public and Private Organizations' in: Applied Economics, 2021, 53 (21), 2416-2432
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11859
Performance Pay and Prior Learning: Evidence from a Retail Chain
Kathrin Manthei, Dirk Sliwka, Timo Vogelsang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11789
Prosocial Managers, Employee Motivation, and the Creation of Shareholder Value
Agne Kajackaite, Dirk Sliwka
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2020, 172, 217-235
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11765
Job Search Requirements, Effort Provision and Labor Market Outcomes
Patrick Arni, Amelie Schiprowski
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2019, 169, 65-88
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11761
Choking under Pressure: Evidence of the Causal Effect of Audience Size on Performance
René Böheim, Dominik Grübl, Mario Lackner
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2019, 168, 76–93
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11713
Foreign Competition and Executive Compensation in the Manufacturing Industry: A Comparison between Germany and the U.S.
Katharina Dyballa, Kornelius Kraft
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11704
How Demanding Are Activation Requirements for Jobseekers?
Herwig Immervoll, Carlo Knotz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11668
Bribes vs. Taxes: Market Structure and Incentives
Francesco Amodio, Jieun Choi, Giacomo De Giorgi, Aminur Rahman
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics 2022, 50 (2), 435-453
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11581
Multitasking and Subjective Performance Evaluations: Theory and Evidence from a Field Experiment in a Bank
Kathrin Manthei, Dirk Sliwka
published in: Management Science, 2019, 65 (12), 5449-5956
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11521
Using Social Connections and Financial Incentives to Solve Coordination Failure: A Quasi-Field Experiment in India's Manufacturing Sector
Farzana Afridi, Amrita Dhillon, Sherry Xin Li, Swati Sharma
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2020, 144, 102445
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11521
Using Social Connections and Financial Incentives to Solve Coordination Failure: A Quasi-Field Experiment in India's Manufacturing Sector
Farzana Afridi, Amrita Dhillon, Sherry Xin Li, Swati Sharma
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2020, 144, 102445
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11516
Educator Incentives and Educational Triage in Rural Primary Schools
Daniel O. Gilligan, Naureen Karachiwalla, Ibrahim Kasirye, Adrienne Lucas, Derek Neal
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2022, 57 (1), 79-111
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11492
Crime is in the Air: The Contemporaneous Relationship between Air Pollution and Crime
Malvina Bondy, Sefi Roth, Lutz Sager
published in: Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, 2020, 7 (3), 555-585.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11367
Incentives Can Reduce Bias in Online Reviews
Ioana E. Marinescu, Nadav Klein, Andrew Chamberlain, Morgan Smart
published in: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2021, 27 (2), 393–407.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11228
Team Incentives, Task Assignment, and Performance: A Field Experiment
Josse Delfgaauw, Robert Dur, Michiel Souverijn
published in: The Leadership Quarterly, 2020, 31 (3), 101241
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11203
Intentions for Doing Good Matter for Doing Well: The (Negative) Signaling Value of Prosocial Incentives
Lea Cassar, Stephan Meier
published in: Economic Journal, 2021, 131(637), 1988-2017
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11142
Graduation Incentives Through Conditional Student Loan Forgiveness
Ulla Hämäläinen, Kristian Koerselman, Roope Uusitalo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10874
Can Financial Incentives Help People Trying to Establish New Habits? Experimental Evidence with New Gym Members
Mariana Carrera, Heather Royer, Mark Stehr, Justin Syndor
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2018, 58, 202 -214
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10856
Governance and Public Service Delivery in India
Farzana Afridi
also available as: International Growth Centre Synthesis Paper S-35407 - INC-1, 2017
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10844
Does Random Selection of Commissioners Improve the Quality of Selected Candidates? An Investigation in the Italian Academia
Daniele Checchi, Silvia De Poli, Enrico Rettore
published in: Italian Economic Journal, 2018, 4 (2), 211-247
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10755
Do Tournaments with Superstars Encourage or Discourage Competition?
Michael Babington, Sebastian J. Goerg, Carl Kitchens
published in: Journal of Sports Economics, 2020, 21 (1), 44-63.
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