The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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541 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2917
The Impact of Teams on Output, Quality and Downtime: An Empirical Analysis Using Individual Panel Data
Derek C. Jones, Takao Kato
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2011, 64 (2), 215-240
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2865
Wage Structure and Labor Mobility in the Netherlands 1999-2003
Lex Borghans, Ben Kriechel
published in: Edward Lazear and Katryn Shaw (eds.), The Structure of Wages: An International Comparisons, NBER and University of Chicago Press, 2008
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2849
Wage Distributions by Bargaining Regime: Linked Employer-Employee Data Evidence from Germany
Karsten Kohn, Alexander C. Lembcke
published in: Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv/Journal of the German Statistical Society, 2007, 1 (3-4), 247-261
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2799
Real and Nominal Wage Rigidities in Collective Bargaining Agreements
Louis N. Christofides, Paris Nearchou
published in: Labour Economics, 2007, 14(4), 695-715
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2770
Employment Outcomes and the Interaction Between Product and Labor Market Deregulation: Are They Substitutes or Complements?
Giuseppe Fiori, Giuseppe Nicoletti, Stefano Scarpetta, Fabio Schiantarelli
published as "Employment Effects of Product and Labour Market Reforms: Are There Synergies?" in: Economic Journal, 2012, 122 (558), 79-104
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2733
Equilibrium Unemployment with Outsourcing and Wage Solidarity Under Labour Market Imperfections
Erkki Koskela, Rune Stenbacka
published in: European Economic Review, 2010, 54 (3), 376-392
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2720
Reducing Income Transfers to Refugee Immigrants: Does Starthelp Help You Start?
Michael Rosholm, Rune Majlund Vejlin
published in: Labour Economics, 2010, 17 (1), 258-275
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2691
Inequality and Union Membership: The Impact of Relative Earnings Position and Inequality Attitudes
Daniele Checchi, Jelle Visser, Herman G. van de Werfhorst
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2009, 48 (1), 84-108
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2690
Bias Corrections for Two-Step Fixed Effects Panel Data Estimators
Iván Fernández-Val, Francis Vella
published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2011, 163 (2), 144-162
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2675
The Gradual Transformation of Continental European Labor Markets: France and Germany Compared
Werner Eichhorst
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2635
Trade Union Membership and Works Councils in West Germany
Laszlo Goerke, Markus Pannenberg
published in: Industrielle Beziehungen, 2007, 14 (2), 154-175
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2628
Equilibrium Unemployment with Outsourcing under Labour Market Imperfections
Erkki Koskela, Rune Stenbacka
published in: Labour Economics, 2009, 16 (3), 284-290
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2627
Wage Persistence and Labour Market Institutions: An Analysis of Young European Workers
Antonio Menezes, Dario Sciulli, José António Cabral Vieira
published in: Applied Economics Letters, 2011, 18 (9), 823 - 828
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2581
Wage Flexibility and Labour Market Institutions: A Meta-Analysis
Miquel Clar, Christian Dreger, Raul Ramos
published in: Kyklos, 2007, 60(2), 145-163
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2556
Product Market Integration and Labour Markets: Aggregate Gains at the Cost of More Inequality?
Torben M. Andersen, Allan Sørensen
published as 'Product Market Integration, Rents and Wage Inequality' in: Review of International Economics, 2011, 19 (4), 595 - 608
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2518
Workplace Industrial Relations in Britain, 1980-2004
David G. Blanchflower, Alex Bryson, John Forth
published in: Industrial Relations Journal, 2007, 38(4), 285-302
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2487
How Wages Change: Micro Evidence from the International Wage Flexibility Project
William T. Dickens, Lorenz Götte, Erica L. Groshen, Steinar Holden, Julián Messina, Mark E. Schweitzer, Jarkko Turunen, Melanie E. Ward-Warmedinger
published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2007, 21 (2), 195-214
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2474
Works Councils and the Anatomy of Wages
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Thomas Zwick
published as 'German Work Councils and the Anatomy of Wages' in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2010, 63(2), 247-270
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2460
The Economics of Prozac: Do Employees Really Gain from Strong Employment Protection?
Etienne Wasmer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2450
Assessing Job Flows across Countries: The Role of Industry, Firm Size and Regulations
John C. Haltiwanger, Stefano Scarpetta, Helena Schweiger
published as 'Cross country differences in job reallocation: The role of industry, firm size and regulations' in: Labour Economics, 2014, 26, 11-25
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2430
Labour Market Regulation in the EU-15: Causes and Consequences – A Survey
W. Stanley Siebert
published in: R. Vaubel and P. Bernholz (eds.), Political Competition and Economic Regulation, London: Routledge 2007
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2401
Multi-Levels Bargaining and Efficiency in Search Economies
Olivier L'Haridon, Franck Malherbet
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2388
The Persistent Decline in Unionization in Western and Eastern Germany, 1980-2004: What Can We Learn from a Decomposition Analysis?
Claus Schnabel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Industrielle Beziehungen, 2007, 14(2), 118-132
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2384
Wage Determination in the U.S. Airline Industry: Union Power under Product Market Constraints
Barry Hirsch
published in: D. Lee (ed.), Advances in Airline Economics, Vol. 2: The Economics of Airline Institutions, Operations and Marketing, Elsevier 2007
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2381
Politico-Economic Causes of Labor Regulation in the United States: Rent Seeking, Alliances, Raising Rivals' Costs (Even Lowering One's Own?), and Interjurisdictional Competition
John T. Addison
published in: R. Vaubel and P. Bernholz (eds.), Political Competition and Economic Regulation, London: Routledge 2007
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2362
The Rise and Fall of Private Sector Unionism: What Next for the NLRA?
Jeffrey M. Hirsch, Barry Hirsch
published in: Florida State University Law Review, 2007, 34 (4), 1133-1180
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2317
Is There Rent Sharing in Developing Countries? Matched-Panel Evidence from Brazil
Pedro S. Martins, Luiz A. Esteves
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2193
The Erosion of Union Membership in Germany: Determinants, Densities, Decompositions
Bernd Fitzenberger, Karsten Kohn, Qingwei Wang
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2011, 24 (1), 141-165
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2188
Wages, Employment, and Capital in Capitalist and Worker-Owned Firms
John H. Pencavel, Luigi Pistaferri, Fabiano Schivardi
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2006, 60 (1), 23-44
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2181
Wage Dispersion, Markets and Institutions: The Effects of the Boom in Education on the Wage Structure
Erling Barth, Claudio Lucifora
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2178
Imports as Product and Labor Market Discipline
Hervé Boulhol, Sabien Dobbelaere, Sara Maioli
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2011, 49(2): 331-361
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2106
Mutual Monitoring in Teams: Theory and Experimental Evidence on the Importance of Reciprocity
Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Samuel Bowles, Herbert Gintis
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2009, 71(2), 221-232
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2017
Reasons for Wage Rigidity in Germany
Wolfgang Franz, Friedhelm Pfeiffer
published in: Labour, 2006, 20 (2), 255-284
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2013
Performance Pay and the Erosion of Worker Cooperation: Field Experimental Evidence
Stephen V. Burks, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Lorenz Götte
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2009, 70 (3), 458-469
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2000
The (Parlous) State of German Unions
John T. Addison, Claus Schnabel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Journal of Labor Research, 2007, 28 (1), 3-18
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1990
Wages and the Bargaining Regime under Multi-level Bargaining: Belgium, Denmark and Spain
Robert Plasman, Michael Rusinek, François Rycx
published in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2007, 13 (2), 161-180
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1968
Does the Quality of Industrial Relations Matter for the Macro Economy? A Cross-Country Analysis Using Strikes Data
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
published as 'Are Good Industrial Relations Good for the Economy?' in: German Economic Review, 2009, 10 (3), 253 - 269
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1899
Macroeconomic Derivatives: An Initial Analysis of Market-Based Macro Forecasts, Uncertainty and Risk
Refet S. Gürkaynak, Justin Wolfers
published in: NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics, 2005, 11 - 50
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1898
Cross-Sectional Heterogeneity in Price-Cost Margins and the Extent of Rent Sharing at the Sector and Firm Level in France
Sabien Dobbelaere, Jacques Mairesse
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1871
Tarifpolitik und Entgeltflexibilität in Ostdeutschland
Holger Bonin
published in: Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung / Journal for Labour Market Research, 2005, 38 (2-3), 147-164
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1845
Generating Legitimacy for Labor Market and Welfare State Reforms: The Role of Policy Advice in Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden
Werner Eichhorst, Ole Wintermann
published in: German Policy Studies, 2006, 3 (2), 268-309; also published as 'De l'expertise aux politiques publiques : l'exemple de l'Allemagne, des Pays-Bas et de la Suède' in: Problèmes Economiques, 2006, No. 2.912
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1806
Demographic and Education Effects on Unemployment in Europe: Economic Factors and Labour Market Institutions
Federico Biagi, Claudio Lucifora
published in: Labour Economics, 2008, 15(5), 1076-1101
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1769
Competition and Well-Being
Jordi Brandts, Arno Riedl, Frans van Winden
published as "Competitive Rivalry, Social Disposition, and Subjective Well-Being: An Experiment" in: Journal of Public Economics, 2009, 93 (11-12), 1158-1167
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1762
The Choice of the Agenda in Labor Negotiations: Efficiency and Behavioral Considerations
Manfred Königstein, Marie Claire Villeval
revised version published as 'Efficiency and Behavioral Considerations in Labor Negotiations' in: Journal of Economic Psychology, 2010, 31 (4), 599-611.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1760
Value of Work: Bargaining, Job-Satisfaction, and Taxation in a Simple GE Model
Felix FitzRoy, Michael A. Nolan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1757
German Works Councils and Productivity: First Evidence from a Nonparametric Test
Joachim Wagner
published in: Applied Economics Letters, 2008, 15 (9), 727-730
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1732
The Impact of Institutions on the Employment Performance in European Labour Markets
Herbert Buscher, Christian Dreger, Raul Ramos, Jordi Surinach
published in: Economic Issues, 2009, 14 (1), 17-34
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1722
Bargaining Frictions and Hours Worked
Stéphane Auray, Samuel Danthine
revised published as "Bargaining Frictions, Labor Income Taxation and Economic Performance" in: European Economic Review, 2010, 54 (6), 778-802
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1718
The Interaction of Labor Market Regulation and Labor Market Policies in Welfare State Reform
Werner Eichhorst, Regina Konle-Seidl
published in: Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, 2006, 28 (1), 1- 41; also available in Chinese
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1658
Who Are the Workers Who Never Joined a Union? Empirical Evidence from Germany
Claus Schnabel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Industrielle Beziehungen, 2006, 13 (2), 118-131
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1625
The Behavioral Effects of Minimum Wages
Armin Falk, Ernst Fehr, Christian Zehnder
published in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2006, 121 (4), 1347-1381
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1620
The Determinants of Firm Performance: Unions, Works Councils, and Employee Involvement/High Performance Work Practices
John T. Addison
published in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2005, 52 (3), 406-450
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1592
Economic Integration, Market Power and Technological Change
Tapio K. Palokangas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1510
Inflation Adjustment and Labour Market Structures: Evidence from a Multi-Country Study
Luca Nunziata, Christopher Bowdler
published in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2007, 109 (3), 619-642
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1498
Why So Unhappy? The Effects of Unionisation on Job Satisfaction
Alex Bryson, Lorenzo Cappellari, Claudio Lucifora
published in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2010, 72 (3), 357-380
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1474
Effort-Based Career Opportunities and Working Time
Massimiliano Bratti, Stefano Staffolani
revised version published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2007, 28 (6), 489-512
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1473
Do Works Councils Inhibit Investment?
John T. Addison, Thorsten Schank, Claus Schnabel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2007, 60 (2), 187-203
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1466
Joint Estimation of Price-Cost Margins and Union Bargaining Power for Belgian Manufacturing
Sabien Dobbelaere
published in: International Journal of Industrial Organization, 2004, 22(10), 1381-1398
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1464
Determinants of Union Membership in 18 EU Countries: Evidence from Micro Data, 2002/03
Claus Schnabel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Industrial Relations Journal, 2007, 38 (1), 5-32
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1442
Co-Determination, Efficiency, and Productivity
Felix FitzRoy, Kornelius Kraft
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2005, 43 (2), 233-248
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1435
Training and Union Wages
Christian Dustmann, Uta Schönberg
revised version published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2009, 91 (2), 363-376
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1421
The Effect of Firm-Level Contracts on the Structure of Wages: Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data
David Card, Sara de la Rica
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2006, 59 (4), 573-592
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1414
Works Councils, Labor Productivity and Plant Heterogeneity: Evidence from Quantile Regressions
Joachim Wagner, John T. Addison, Claus Schnabel, Thorsten Schank
published in: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik , 2006, 226 (5), 505-518
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1387
Sex Differences in Managerial Style: From Individual Leadership to Organisational Labour Relationships
Eduardo Melero Martín
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1370
Employment Determination in Enterprises under Communism and in Transition: Evidence from Central Europe
Swati Basu, Saul Estrin, Jan Svejnar
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2005, 58 (3), 353-369
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1291
Labour Market Institutions and Wage Inequality
Winfried Koeniger, Marco Leonardi, Luca Nunziata
revised version published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2007, 60 (3), 340-356
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1265
High Performance Workplace Practices and Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Europe
Thomas K. Bauer
published in: RWI-Mitteilungen, 2003/2004, 54/55 (1), 57-85
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1264
Unions, Training, and Firm Performance: Evidence from the British Workplace Employee Relations Survey
John T. Addison, Clive R. Belfield
published as 'Unions, Training, and Firm Performance' in: Journal of Labor Market Research/Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung, 2007, 40 (4), 361-381
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1188
The Effect of Worker Representation on Employment Behavior in Germany: Another Case of -2.5%
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
published in: Industrial Relations, 2006, 45 (1), 1-25
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1133
Preferences for Rigid versus Individualized Wage Setting in Search Economies with Frictions
Tito Boeri, Michael C. Burda
revised version published as 'Preferences for Collective Versus Individualised Wage Setting' in: Economic Journal, 2008, 119 (540), 1440-1463
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1105
Dismissal Protection and Worker Flows in Small Establishments
Thomas K. Bauer, Stefan Bender, Holger Bonin
published in: Economica, 2007, 74 (296), 804-821
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1097
Single Mothers and Work
Libertad González
published in: Socio-Economic Review, 2004, 2 (2), 285-313
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1058
Equilibrium Unemployment and Investment Under Product and Labour Market Imperfections
Heikki Kauppi, Erkki Koskela, Rune Stenbacka
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1020
Profit Sharing, Credit Market Imperfections and Equilibrium Unemployment
Erkki Koskela, Rune Stenbacka
published in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2004, 106 (4), 677-701
IZA Discussion Paper No. 991
Threshold Effects of Dismissal Protection Legislation in Germany
Sher Verick
IZA Discussion Paper No. 966
Optimal Taxation with Capital Accumulation and Wage Bargaining
Tapio K. Palokangas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 962
Norm-Based Trade Union Membership: Evidence for Germany
Laszlo Goerke, Markus Pannenberg
published in: German Economic Review, 2004, 5(4), 481-504
IZA Discussion Paper No. 959
Real and Nominal Wage Rigidities and the Rate of Inflation: Evidence from West German Micro Data
Thomas K. Bauer, Holger Bonin, Uwe Sunde
revised version published in: Economic Journal, 2007, 117, 508-529
IZA Discussion Paper No. 939
Acquisition of Skills, Education Subsidies, and Agglomeration of Firms
Eric Toulemonde
published in: Journal of Urban Economics, 2006, 59 (3), 420-439
IZA Discussion Paper No. 934
The Skill Bias Effect of Technological and Organisational Change: Evidence and Policy Implications
Mariacristina Piva, Enrico Santarelli, Marco Vivarelli
published in: Research Policy, 2005, 34 (2), 141-157
IZA Discussion Paper No. 914
Bargained Wages, Wage Drift and the Design of the Wage Setting System
Ana Rute Cardoso, Pedro Portugal
published as 'Contractual wages and the wage cushion under different bargaining settings' in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2005, 23 (4), 875-902
IZA Discussion Paper No. 896
What Can We Learn About the Decline in U.S. Union Membership from International Data?
Solomon Polachek
published in: Phanindra V. Wunnava (ed.), The Changing Forms of Unions: New Forms of Representation, M.E. Sharpe 2004
IZA Discussion Paper No. 892
What Do Unions Do for Economic Performance?
Barry Hirsch
published in: Journal of Labor Research, 2004, 25 (3), 415-455
IZA Discussion Paper No. 882
The Firm as a Pool of Factor Complementarities
Assar Lindbeck, Dennis J. Snower
IZA Discussion Paper No. 878
The Course of Research into the Economic Consequences of German Works Councils
John T. Addison, Claus Schnabel, Joachim Wagner
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2004, 42 (2), 255-281
IZA Discussion Paper No. 875
Severance Payments for Dismissed Employees in Germany
Christian Grund
revised version published in: European Journal of Law and Economics, 2006, 22, 49-71
IZA Discussion Paper No. 869
Strikes, Scabs and Tread Separations: Labor Strife and the Production of Defective Bridgestone/Firestone Tires
Alan B. Krueger, Alexandre Mas
published in: Journal of Political Economy, 2004, 112 (2), 253-289
IZA Discussion Paper No. 862
Union Voice
John T. Addison, Clive R. Belfield
published in: Journal of Labor Research, 2004, 25 (4), 563-597
IZA Discussion Paper No. 840
Equilibrium Unemployment Under Negotiated Profit Sharing
Erkki Koskela, Rune Stenbacka
published in: Journal of Economics, 87(2), 2006, 159-180
IZA Discussion Paper No. 833
Structural Reforms and the Macroeconomy: The Role of General Equilibrium Effects
Hans Gersbach
published in: R. Solow (ed.), Macroeconomics and Structural Reform, Palgrave 2004
IZA Discussion Paper No. 818
The Surprising Retreat of Union Britain
John H. Pencavel
published in: David Card, Richard Blundell, and Richard B. Freeman (eds.), Seeking a Premier Economy: The Economic Effects of British Economic Reforms, 1980-2000, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 2004, 181-232
IZA Discussion Paper No. 812
German Works Councils in the Production Process
John T. Addison, Thorsten Schank, Claus Schnabel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Schmollers Jahrbuch: Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften/Journal of Applied Social Science Studies, 2006, 126 (2), 251-283
IZA Discussion Paper No. 795
Reconsidering Union Wage Effects: Surveying New Evidence on an Old Topic
Barry Hirsch
published in: Journal of Labor Research, 2004, 25 (2), 233-266
IZA Discussion Paper No. 793
Foreign Direct Investment, Labour Market Regulation and Self-Interested Governments
Tapio K. Palokangas
revised version published as "Investment, Expropriation and Unionization" in: Economics of Governance, 2009, 10 (1), 27-42
IZA Discussion Paper No. 783
Match Bias in Wage Gap Estimates Due to Earnings Imputation
Barry Hirsch, Edward J. Schumacher
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2004, 22 (3), 689-722
IZA Discussion Paper No. 724
The Impact of Deunionisation on Earnings Dispersion Revisited
John T. Addison, Ralph Bailey, W. Stanley Siebert
published in: Research in Labor Economics, 2007, 26, 337-363
IZA Discussion Paper No. 720
Labour Market Regulation, Productivity-Improving R&D and Endogenous Growth
Tapio K. Palokangas
published as "Union-Firm Bargaining, Productivity Improvement and Endogenous Growth" in: Labour, 2004, 18 (2), 191-205
IZA Discussion Paper No. 718
Consistency in Organization
Ekkehart Schlicht
final version published in: Journal of Theoretical and Institutional Economics, 2008, 164(4), 612–623
IZA Discussion Paper No. 709
Delays in Renewal of Labor Contracts: Theory and Evidence
Leif Danziger, Shoshana Neuman
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2005, 23(2), 341-372
IZA Discussion Paper No. 708
Determinants of Trade Union Membership in Western Germany: Evidence from Micro Data, 1980-2000
Claus Schnabel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Socio-Economic Review, 2005, 3 (1), 1-24
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