The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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44 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18010
What is Happening to Unionization in Japan?
Alex Bryson, Ryo Kambayashi, Susumu Kuwahara, Akie Nakamura, Jacques Wels
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17274
Evidence on the Robustness of the Links between Social Relationships and Mortality
Rosanne Freak-Poli, Stephen P. Jenkins, Michael A. Shields, Trong-Anh Trinh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16604
Unionization of Retired Workers in Europe
Vinzenz Pyka, Claus Schnabel
published in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2025, 31 (1), 5-29
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16035
Seeking Shelter in Times of Crisis? Unemployment, Perceived Job Insecurity and Trade Union Membership
Adrian Chadi, Laszlo Goerke
published in: Economica, 2023, 90 (359), 1041-1088
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15844
Is There a Union Wage Premium in Germany and Which Workers Benefit Most?
Marina Bonaccolto-Töpfer, Claus Schnabel
published in: Economies, 2023, 11 (2), 50
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15587
Immigrants and Trade Union Membership: Does Integration into Society and Workplace Play a Moderating Role?
Fenet Jima Bedaso, Uwe Jirjahn, Laszlo Goerke
revised version published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2024, 62 (2), 262-292 (authored by Fenet Jima Bedaso and Uwe Jirjahn)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15459
Job Satisfaction and Trade Union Membership in Germany
Laszlo Goerke, Yue Huang
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 78, 102238
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13747
Do Public Subsidies of Union Membership Increase Union Membership Rates?
Erling Barth, Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2025, 229, 106855
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13615
The Persistence of Union Membership within the Coalfields of Britain
Huw Beynon, Helen Blakely, Alex Bryson, Rhys Davies
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2021, 59 (4), 1131-1152
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13465
Union Membership and Collective Bargaining: Trends and Determinants
Claus Schnabel
published in: K. F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, Cham, 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12696
Passports for Sale: The Political Economy of Conflict and Cooperation in a Meta-Club
Kai A. Konrad, Ray Rees
published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2020, 62, 101855
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11944
Anti-Social Behavior in Groups
Michal Bauer, Jana Cahlíková, Dagmara Celik Katreniak, Julie Chytilová, Lubomir Cingl, Tomáš Želinský
revised version published as 'Nastiness in Groups' in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2024, 22 (5), 2075–2107
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11154
Foreign Ownership and Intra-Firm Union Density in Germany
Uwe Jirjahn
revised version published in: Economic and Industrial Democracy, 2021, 42 (4), 1052-1079
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11057
Has the Push for Equal Gender Representation Changed the Role of Women on German Supervisory Boards?
Viktor Bozhinov, Christopher Koch, Thorsten Schank
published in: Schmalenbach Business Review, 2019, 71(3), 385-411
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7313
An Anatomy of Public Sector Unions
Barry Hirsch
published in: Michael Green and Samuel Estreicher (eds.), The Challenge for Collective Bargaining: Proceedings of the NYU 65th Annual Conference on Labor, LexisNexis, 2013
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7232
The Changing Size Distribution of U.S. Trade Unions and Its Description by Pareto's Distribution
John H. Pencavel
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2014, 67 (1), 138-170
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6792
Union Membership and Density: Some (Not So) Stylized Facts and Challenges
Claus Schnabel
published in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2013, 19 (3), 255-272
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6777
Trade Union Membership and Sickness Absence: Evidence from a Sick Pay Reform
Laszlo Goerke, Markus Pannenberg
revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2015, 33, 13–25
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5222
Trade Union Membership and Dismissals
Laszlo Goerke, Markus Pannenberg
revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2011, 18 (6), 810-821
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5189
Group Membership, Competition, and Altruistic versus Antisocial Punishment: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Army Groups
Lorenz Götte, David B. Huffman, Stephan Meier, Matthias Sutter
revised version published as 'Competition Between Organizational Groups: Its Impact on Altruistic and Anti-Social Motivations' in: Management Science, 2012, 58 (5), 948-960
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