The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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1,392 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16353
Young Women in Cities
Yumi Koh, Jing Li, Yifan Wu, Junjian Yi, Hanzhe Zhang
published as 'Young women in cities:published as 'Young women in cities: Urbanization and gender-biased migration' in: Journal of Development Economics, 2025, 172, 103378
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16347
Gender-Biased Technological Change: Milking Machines and the Exodus of Women from Farming
Philipp Ager, Marc Goñi, Kjell G. Salvanes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16341
Changing Gender Norms across Generations: Evidence from a Paternity Leave Reform
Lídia Farré, Christina Felfe, Libertad González, Patrick Schneider
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16341
Changing Gender Norms across Generations: Evidence from a Paternity Leave Reform
Lídia Farré, Christina Felfe, Libertad González, Patrick Schneider
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16331
How Does Gender Quota Shape Gender Attitudes?
Yen-Chien Chen, Elliott Fan, Yu-Hsin Ho, Matthew Yi-Hsiu Lee, Jin-Tan Liu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16331
How Does Gender Quota Shape Gender Attitudes?
Yen-Chien Chen, Elliott Fan, Yu-Hsin Ho, Matthew Yi-Hsiu Lee, Jin-Tan Liu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16331
How Does Gender Quota Shape Gender Attitudes?
Yen-Chien Chen, Elliott Fan, Yu-Hsin Ho, Matthew Yi-Hsiu Lee, Jin-Tan Liu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16324
Does Unfairness Hurt Women? The Effects of Losing Unfair Competitions
Stefano Piasenti, Marica Valente, Roel van Veldhuizen, Gregor Pfeifer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16323
Women in Management and the Gender Pay Gap
Virginia Sondergeld, Katharina Wrohlich
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16320
Environmental Policy and Gender Health Gap
Liwen Guo, Zhiming Cheng, Massimiliano Tani, Sarah Cook
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16314
Is Self-Employment for Migrants? Evidence from Italy
Marianna Brunetti, Anzelika Zaiceva
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16278
Closing the Gender Gap in Salary Increases: Evidence from a Field Experiment on Promoting Pay Equity
Jakob Alfitian, Marvin Deversi, Dirk Sliwka
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16244
Where Are the Fathers? The Effects of Earmarking Parental Leave on Fathers in France
Hélène Périvier, Gregory Verdugo
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2024, 77 (1), 88-118
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16233
External Pay Transparency and the Gender Wage Gap
Wolfgang Frimmel, Bernhard Schmidpeter, Rene Wiesinger, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16224
The Anatomy of Competitiveness
Thomas Buser, Hessel Oosterbeek
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16217
Disability, Gender and Hiring Discrimination: A Field Experiment
Vegar Bjørnshagen, Dan-Olof Rooth, Elisabeth Ugreninov
published online in: European Societies, 01 January 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16208
Fertility, Son-Preference, and the Reversal of the Gender Gap in Literacy/Numeracy Tests
Minhee Chae, Xin Meng, Sen Xue
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16196
The Employment Effects of a Wage Subsidy for the Young during an Economic Recovery
Astrid Kunze, Marta Palczyńska, Iga Magda
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16180
Overconfident Boys: The Gender Gap in Mathematics Self-Assessment
Anna Adamecz, John Jerrim, Jean-Baptiste Pingault, Nikki Shure
published as 'Peers, parents, and self-perceptions: the gender gap in mathematics self-assessment' in: Journal of Population Economics, 2025, 38, 33 (2025)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16172
Does a Flexible Parental Leave System Stimulate Maternal Employment?
Lennart Ziegler, Omar Bamieh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16161
Stephen versus Stephanie? Does Gender Matter for Peer-to-Peer Career Advice
Grace Lordan, Warn N. Lekfuangfu
forthcoming in: Journal of Human Capital
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16161
Stephen versus Stephanie? Does Gender Matter for Peer-to-Peer Career Advice
Grace Lordan, Warn N. Lekfuangfu
forthcoming in: Journal of Human Capital
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16159
Religion, Ideology and Fertility
Kazuhiro Kumo, Cristiano Perugini
published as 'Religion, Gender Norms and Fertility in Muslim Post-Communist Economies' in: Post-Communist Economies, 2024, 36 (8), 1035–1065.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16152
Like Mother, like Child? The Rise of Women's Intergenerational Income Persistence in Sweden and the United States
Gunnar Brandén, Martin Nybom, Kelly Vosters
forthcoming in: Journal of Labor Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16148
Husbands' Wages and Married Women's Labor Supply in Urban China
Mengbing Zhu, Yi Li, Chunbing Xing
published in: China Economic Review, 2023, 82, 102609.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16138
The Gender Reference Point Gap
Nathan Kettlewell, Jonathan Levy, Agnieszka Tymula, Xueting Wang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16134
Cognitive Skills among Adults: An Impeding Factor for Gender Convergence?
Michele Battisti, Alexandra Fedorets, Lavinia Kinne
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16129
The Child Tax Credit over Time by Family Type: Benefit Eligibility and Poverty
Margaret E. Brehm, Olga Malkova
published in: National Tax Journal, 2023, 76 (3), 707 - 741
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16119
Weight, Attractiveness, and Gender When Hiring: A Field Experiment in Spain
Catarina Goulão, Juan A. Lacomba, Francisco Miguel Lagos, Dan-Olof Rooth
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2024, 218, 132-145
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16096
Gender Equity in Labor Market Opportunities and Aggregate Technical Efficiency: A Case of Equity Promoting Efficiency
Gautam Hazarika, Maroula Khraiche, Levent Kutlu
published in: Applied Economics, 2023, 56 (23), 2806–2817
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16090
Time-Use and Subjective Well-Being: Is Diversity Really the Spice of Life?
Naomi Friedman-Sokuler, Claudia Senik
published in: Research in Labor Economics, 2024, 51 (1), 1-34.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16089
Non-college Occupations, Workplace Routinization, and the Gender Gap in College Enrollment
Amanda Chuan, Weilong Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16058
What We Teach about Race and Gender: Representation in Images and Text of Children's Books
Anjali Adukia, Alex Eble, Emileigh Harrison, Hakizumwami Birali Runesha, Teodora Szasz
published in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2023, 138 (4), 2225 - 2285
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16055
Long-Term Effects of Recession on Parenthood Gender Inequality
Jinyoung Kim, Eunhye Kwak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16050
Transitory Earnings Opportunities and Educational Scarring of Men
Jósef Sigurdsson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16045
What If She Earns More? Gender Norms, Income Inequality, and the Division of Housework
Iga Magda, Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska, Marta Palczyńska
published in: Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 2024, 45, 1–20
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16019
Working from Home, COVID-19 and Job Satisfaction
Inga Laß, Esperanza Vera-Toscano, Mark Wooden
published in: IRL Review, 2024. 78 (2), 330-354
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16006
Social Norms and Female Labor Force Participation in Bangladesh: The Role of Social Expectations and Reference Networks
Luna Bellani, Kumar Biswas, Sebastian Fehrler, Paul Marx, Shwetlena Sabarwal, Syed Rashed Al-Zayed Josh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16004
Trends in Gender and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Physical Disability and Social Support among U.S. Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment Living Alone, 2000–2018
Shanquan Chen, Huanyu Zhang, Benjamin R. Underwood, Dan Wang, Xi Chen, Rudolf N. Cardinal
published in: Innovation in Aging, 2023, 7 (4), igad028
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15983
Women in Political Bodies as Policymakers
Thushyanthan Baskaran, Zohal Hessami
published online in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 24 July 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15975
Women in Political Power and School Closure during COVID Times
Natalia Danzer, Sebastian Garcia-Torres, Max F. Steinhardt, Luca Stella
published in: Economic Policy, 2024, 39 (120), 765–810
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15973
Gender Wage Gap among Young Adults: A Comparison across British Cohorts
Francesca Foliano, Alex Bryson, Heather Joshi, Bożena Wielgoszewska, David Wilkinson
published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 91, 102614
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15954
Gender Differences in the Early Career Earnings of Economics Graduates
Stephen Bazen, Kadija Charni
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15948
Women's Work, Social Norms and the Marriage Market
Farzana Afridi, Abhishek Arora, Diva Dhar, Kanika Mahajan
forthcoming in: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15945
Intergenerational and Sibling Spillovers in High School Majors
Gordon B. Dahl, Dan-Olof Rooth, Anders Stenberg
published in: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2024, 16 (3), 133–173
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15925
Socioemotional Skills in Early Childhood: Evidence from a Maternal Psychosocial Intervention
Dilek Sevim, Victoria Baranov, Sonia R. Bhalotra, Joanna Maselko, Pietro Biroli
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2024, 59 (S), S365-S401
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15892
Gender-Segmented Labor Markets and Trade Shocks
Carlos Góes, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Raymond Robertson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15890
What Drives Paternity Leave: Financial Incentives or Flexibility?
Lennart Ziegler, Omar Bamieh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15886
Integrating Gender into a Labor Economics Class
Jacqueline Strenio, Yana van der Meulen Rodgers
published in: Advances in Economics Education, 2023, 2 (1), 26 - 44
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15882
The Impact of the
Stefania Basiglio, Daniela Del Boca, Chiara D. Pronzato
published in: CESifo Economic Studies, 2024, 70 (3), 271 - 283
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