IZA Discussion Papers | IZA@LISER Network

Yafei Si, Yurun Meng, Xi Chen, Ruopeng An, Limin Mao, Bingqin Li, Hazel Bateman, Han Zhang, Hongbin Fan, Jiaqi Zu, Shaoqing Gong, Zhongliang Zhou, Yudong Miao

published online in: npj Digital Medicine, 25 September 2025

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18069

Antidepressant Treatment in Childhood

Sonia R. Bhalotra, N. Meltem Daysal, Mircea Trandafir

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17894

The Impact of Physician-Patient Gender Match on Healthcare Quality: An Experiment in China

Yafei Si, Gang Chen, Zhongliang Zhou, Winnie Yip, Xi Chen

published in: Social Science & Medicine, 2025, 380, 118166

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17880

What Economists Should Know About the 340B Drug Discounting Program

Charles Courtemanche, Joseph Garuccio

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17798

Employer Quality and Skilled Workers’ Mobility: Evidence from English NHS Hospital Doctors

Stefano Cellini, Marco Mello, Giuseppe Moscelli

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17797

Immigration, Workforce Composition, and Organizational Performance: The Effect of Brexit on NHS Hospital Quality

Henrique Castro-Pires, Kai Fischer, Marco Mello, Giuseppe Moscelli

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17777

Absence of Care Among Community-Living Older Persons with Dementia and Disabilities: A Cross-National Analysis of Population Survey from 22 Countries

Zhuoer Lin, Yuting Qian, Thomas M. Gill, Xiaohui Hou, Heather Allore, Shanquan Chen, Xi Chen

published in: Nature Aging, 2025, 5, 548–557

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17771

Health and Labor Market Consequences of Low-Value Care: The Role of Practice Style

Mattia Albertini, Pieter Bakx, Fabrizio Mazzonna

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17504

Cut Off from New Competition: Threat of Entry and Quality of Primary Care

Eduard Brüll, Davud Rostam-Afschar, Oliver Schlenker

Labour Economics, 92, 102669, 2025

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17345

Work Pay, Contractual Changes and Employee Attrition: Evidence from NHS Trainee Doctors

Marco Mello, Giuseppe Moscelli, Ioannis Laliotis, Melisa Sayli

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17204

Quality and Accountability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Healthcare in Low- And Middle-Income Countries (LMIC): A Simulated Patient Study Using ChatGPT

Yafei Si, Yuyi Yang, Xi Wang, Ruopeng An, Jiaqi Zu, Xi Chen, Xiaojing Fan, Sen Gong

published as 'Quality and Accountability of ChatGPT in Health Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Simulated Patient Study' in: Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2024, 26, e56121

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17197

The Impact of Macroeconomic Conditions on Long-Term Care: Evidence on Prices

Johannes Geyer, Peter Haan, Mia Teschner

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17177

Online versus In-Person Services: Effects on Patients and Providers

Amanda Dahlstrand, Nestor Le Nestour, Guy Michaels

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17090

Nonlinear Reimbursement Rules for Preventive and Curative Medical Care

Helmuth Cremer, Jean-Marie Lozachmeur

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16997

Children's Residential Proximity, Spousal Presence and Dementia Risk

Zhuoer Lin, Xuecheng Yin, Becca R. Levy, Yue Yuan, Xi Chen

published as 'Association of Children's Residential Proximity and Spousal Presence with Lower Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia among Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment' in: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2024, 32 (10), 1187-1199

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16879

Impact of Time of Diagnosis on Out-of-Pocket Costs of Cancer Treatment, a Side Effect of Health Insurance Design in Australia

Maryam Naghsh Nejad, Kees Van Gool

published in: Health Policy, 2024, 145, 105055

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16844

Medicare Austerity Reforms and Patient Out-of-Pocket Costs: The Experience from Australian Cancer Patients

Maryam Naghsh Nejad, Kees Van Gool, Philip Haywood, Jane Hall

published in: Health Policy, 2025, 155, 105296

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16838

Healthcare Quality and Dementia Risk

José M. Aravena, Xi Chen, Becca R. Levy

published as 'Association between experiencing low healthcare quality and developing dementia' in: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2024, 72 (7), 2126-2132

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16772

Nursing before and after COVID-19: Outflows, Inflows and Self-Employment

Guyonne Kalb, Jordy Meekes

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16749

The Effect of Migration on Careers of Natives: Evidence from Long-Term Care

Peter Haan, Izabela Wnuk

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16720

Trust and Health Care-Seeking Behavior

Michael E. Darden, Mario Macis

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16616

Foreign Nurses and Hospital Quality: Evidence from Brexit

Henrique Castro-Pires, Marco Mello, Giuseppe Moscelli

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16608

The Effects of the Dobbs Decision on Fertility

Daniel Dench, Mayra Pineda-Torres, Caitlin Knowles Myers

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16545

Occupational Differences in the Effects of Retirement on Hospitalizations for Mental Illness among Female Workers: Evidence from Administrative Data in China

Tianyu Wang, Ruochen Sun, Jody L. Sindelar, Xi Chen

published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2024 , 53, 101367

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16448

The Impact of Hospital Closures on Medical Debt in Collections: Analysis Using Consumer Credit Bureau Data

Jennifer Andre, Fredric Blavin, Breno Braga, Anuj Gangopadhyaya

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16411

The Growing Gap of Unmet Need: Assessing the Demand for, and Supply of, Home-Based Support for Older Adults with Disabilities in 31 Countries

Yuting Qian, Shanquan Chen, Zhuoer Lin, Zexuan Yu, Mengxiao Wang, Xiaohui Hou, Xi Chen

also available as 'Silver Opportunity : Case Studies - The Growing Gap of Unmet Need : Assessing the Demand for, and Supply of, Home-Based Support for Older Adults with Disabilities in Thirty-One Countries', World Bank Report, 2024

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16388

Gender Identity, Race, and Ethnicity-Based Discrimination in Access to Mental Health Care: Evidence from an Audit Correspondence Field Experiment

Luca Fumarco, Benjamin Harrell, Patrick Button, David J. Schwegman, E Dils

revised version published in: American Journal of Health Economics, 2024, 10(2), 182-214

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16379

Non-monetary Interventions, Workforce Retention and Hospital Quality: Evidence from the English NHS

Giuseppe Moscelli, Melisa Sayli, Jo Blanden, Marco Mello, Henrique Castro-Pires, Chris Bojke

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16332

Do Primary Healthcare Facilities in More Remote Areas Provide More Medical Services? Spatial Evidence from Rural Western China

Chi Shen, Sha Lai, Qiwei Deng, Dan Cao, Dantong Zhao, Yaxin Zhao, Zhongliang Zhou, Wanyue Dong, Xi Chen

published in: Health & Social Care in the Community, 2023, 6131486

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16302

C-Sections, Obesity, and Health-Care Specialization: Evidence from Mexico

Catalina Herrera-Almanza, Fernanda Marquez-Padilla, Silvia Prina

published in: World Bank Economic Review, 2024, 38 (1), 139 - 160

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16165

Patient versus Provider Incentives in Long-Term Care

Martin B. Hackmann, Vincent Pohl, Nicolas R. Ziebarth

published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2024, 16 (3), 178–218

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16162

The Impact of COVID-19 on Access to Mental Healthcare Services

Benjamin Harrell, Luca Fumarco, Patrick Button, David J. Schwegman, Kyla Denwood

published in: AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2023, 113, 420-422

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16060

Provider Responses to the Expansion of Public Subsidies in Healthcare: The Case of Oral Chemotherapy Treatment in Australia

Maryam Naghsh Nejad, Serena Yu, Philip Haywood

published in: Social Science & Medicine, 2023, 330, 116041

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16048

Physicians Treating Physicians: Relational and Informational Advantages in Treatment and Survival

Stacey H. Chen, Jennjou Chen, Hongwei Chuang, Tzu-Hsin Lin

published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2025, 43 (1), 15- 46

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15951

Foreign Physicians: Discriminatory Patient Preferences and Doctor Availability

Brigham Walker, Janna Wisniewski, Sarah Tinkler, Miron Stano, Rajiv Sharma

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2024, 228, 106813

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15839

The Morbidity Costs of Air Pollution through the Lens of Health Spending in China

Xin Zhang, Xun Zhang, Yuehua Liu, Xintong Zhao, Xi Chen

published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2023, 36, 1269–1292

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15806

A Field Study of Donor Behaviour in the Iranian Kidney Market

Ali Moghaddasi Kelishomi, Daniel Sgroi

published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 170, 104887

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15709

Geographic Variation in Inpatient Care Utilization, Outcomes and Costs for Dementia Patients in China

Zhuoer Lin, Fang Ba, Heather Allore, Gordon G. Liu, Xi Chen

published in: China CDC Weekly, 2022, 4 (45), 997-1001

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15638

Staff Engagement, Coworkers' Complementarity and Employee Retention: Evidence from English NHS Hospitals

Giuseppe Moscelli, Melisa Sayli, Marco Mello

published in: Economica, 2025, 92 (365), 42 - 83 (with Alberto Vesperoni)

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15593

Estimating Inter-Generational Returns to Medical Care: New Evidence from At-Risk Newborns

Damian Clarke, Nicolás Lillo Bustos, Kathya Tapia Schythe

published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2026, 256, 105597

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15480

Do Non-monetary Interventions Improve Staff Retention? Evidence from English NHS Hospitals

Melisa Sayli, Giuseppe Moscelli, Jo Blanden, Chris Bojke, Marco Mello

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15479

Energy Poverty and Health Care Expenditures: Evidence from the China Family Panel Studies

Peng Nie, Qiaoge Li

published as 'Does energy poverty increase health care expenditures in China?' in: Applied Economics, 2024, 13 (5), 4209-4235s, 2023

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15425

Another Day, Another Visit: Impact of Arkansas' Mandatory Waiting Period for Women Seeking an Abortion by Demographic Groups

Onur Altindag, Theodore J. Joyce

published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2022, 213, 104715

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15266

The Relationship between Cognitive Ability and Risk Preferences in a Developing Nation: Findings from the Field

Ali Moghaddasi Kelishomi, Daniel Sgroi

published in: Economics Letters, 2022, 216, 110576

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15238

Is the Price Right? The Role of Morals, Ideology, and Tradeoff Thinking in Explaining Reactions to Price Surges

Julio Elias, Nicola Lacetera, Mario Macis

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15221

Behavioral Responses to Supply-Side Drug Policy During the Opioid Epidemic

Simone Balestra, Helge Liebert, Nicole Maestas, Tisamarie B. Sherry

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15126

Staff Engagement, Job Complementarity and Labour Supply: Evidence from the English NHS Hospital Workforce

Giuseppe Moscelli, Melisa Sayli, Marco Mello

updated version of this paper published as IZA DP No. 15638.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14990

Health and Labor Market Impacts of Twin Birth: Evidence from a Swedish IVF Policy Mandate

Sonia R. Bhalotra, Damian Clarke, Hanna Mühlrad, Mårten Palme

revised version available from the authors

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14891

The Cost of Health Insurance and Entry into Entrepreneurship

Frank M. Fossen, Mobarak Hossain, Sankar Mukhopadhyay, Peter Toth

revised version published in: Small Business Economics, 2025, 64, 383-405

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14886

Testing for Ethnic Discrimination in Outpatient Health Care: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Germany

Martin Halla, Christopher Kah, Rupert Sausgruber

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14744

Learning-by-Doing and Productivity Growth among High-Skilled Workers: Evidence from the Treatment of Heart Attacks

Petter Lundborg, Stefan James, Bo Lagerqvist, Johan Vikström

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14685

The Right to Health and the Health Effects of Denials

Sonia R. Bhalotra, Manuel Fernandez Sierra

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14556

Measuring the Burden: The Effect of Travel Distance on Abortions and Births

Caitlin Knowles Myers

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14434

Cooling off or Burdened? The Effects of Mandatory Waiting Periods on Abortions and Births

Caitlin Knowles Myers

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14399

When Externalities Collide: Influenza and Pollution

Joshua Graff Zivin, Matthew Neidell, Nicholas Sanders, Gregor Singer

published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2023, 15 (2), 320–351

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14098

Cognitive Impairment and Prevalence of Memory-Related Diagnoses among U.S. Older Adults

Yuting Qian, Xi Chen, Diwen Tang, Amy S. Kelley, Jing Li

published as 'Prevalence of Memory-Related Diagnoses Among U.S. Older Adults With Early Symptoms of Cognitive Impairment' in: Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 2021, 76 (10), 1846 - 1853

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13992

Urgent Care Centers, Hospital Performance and Population Health

Sonia R. Bhalotra, Letícia Nunes, Rudi Rocha

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13876

Pension and Health Services Utilization: Evidence from Social Pension Expansion in China

Shanquan Chen, Xi Chen, Stephen Law, Henry Lucas, Shenlan Tang, Qian Long, Lei Xue, Zheng Wang

published in: BMC Health Services Research, 2020, 20, 1008

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13800

Re-Examining Supplier-Induced Demand in Health Care: Comparisons among Patients Affiliated and Not Affiliated with Healthcare Professionals in China

Yafei Si, Zhongliang Zhou, Min Su, Han Hu, Zesen Yang, Xi Chen

published as 'Comparison of health care utilization among patients affiliated and not affiliated with healthcare professionals in China' in: BMC Health Services Research, 2020, 20, 1118

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13774

Health of Elderly Parents, Their Children's Labor Supply, and the Role of Migrant Care Workers

Wolfgang Frimmel, Martin Halla, Jörg Paetzold, Julia Schmieder

published online in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2023

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13745

Predictors of Social Distancing and Mask-Wearing Behavior: Panel Survey in Seven U.S. States

Plamen Nikolov, Andreas Pape, Ozlem Tonguc, Charlotte Williams

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13552

Does Immigration Improve Quality of Care in Nursing Homes?

Delia Furtado, Francesc Ortega

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13485

Missing a Nurse Visit

Jonas Cuzulan Hirani, Hans Henrik Sievertsen, Miriam Wüst

published online as: 'Beyond Treatment Exposure: The Impact of the Timing of Early Interventions on Child and Maternal Health' in: Journal of Human Resources, May 9, 2022

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13445

Subjective Expectations for Health Service Use and Consequences for Health Insurance Behavior

Nathan Kettlewell

published as 'The informational content of subjective expectations for health service use' in: BMC Health Services Research, 2021, 21, 464 (2021)

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13256

Hospital Resources: Persistent Reallocation under Price Changes

Florian Wozny

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13100

Cream Skimming by Health Care Providers and Inequality in Health Care Access: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment

Anna Werbeck, Ansgar Wübker, Nicolas R. Ziebarth

revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2021, 188, 1325-1350

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12872

The Economics behind the Epidemic: Afghan Opium Price and Prescription Opioids in the US

Claudio Deiana, Ludovica Giua, Roberto Nistico

published as 'Opium Price Shocks and Prescription Opioids in the US' in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2024, 86 (3), 449 - 484

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12797

Hospital Closures and Short-Run Change in Ambulance Call Times

Sookti Chaudhary, Alison Davis, Kenneth Troske, SuZanne Troske

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12731

How Do Low-Income Enrollees in the Affordable Care Act Marketplaces Respond to Cost-Sharing?

Kurt Lavetti, Thomas DeLeire, Nicolas R. Ziebarth

revised version published in: Journal of Risk and Insurance, 2023, 90 (1), 155 - 183

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12490

Multiple Births, Birth Quality and Maternal Labor Supply: Analysis of IVF Reform in Sweden

Sonia R. Bhalotra, Damian Clarke, Hanna Mühlrad, Mårten Palme

revised version available from the authors

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12463

Losing Insurance and Behavioral Health Hospitalizations: Evidence from a Large-Scale Medicaid Disenrollment

J. Catherine Maclean, Sebastian Tello-Trillo, Douglas A. Webber

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2023, 205, 508-527

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12383

Impact of Increased Long-Term Care Insurance Payments on Employment and Wages in Formal Long-Term Care

Ayako Kondo

published in: Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 2019, 53, 101034

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12297

More Hospital Choices, More C-Sections: Evidence from Chile

Ramiro de Elejalde, Eugenio Giolito

revised version published as "A demand-smoothing incentive for cesarean deliveries" in: Journal of Health Economics 2021, 75, 102411

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12193

Promoting Breast Cancer Screening Take-Ups with Zero Cost: Evidence from an Experiment on Formatting Invitation Letters in Italy

Marco Bertoni, Luca Corazzini, Silvana Robone

published in: American Journal of Health Economics, 2020, 6 (3), 372-409.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12129

Improving Estimation of Labor Market Disequilibrium Using Shortage Indicators, with an Application to the Market for Anesthesiologists

Matthew Baird, Lindsay Daugherty, Krishna B. Kumar

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11845

Information Provision and Streamlined Medical Service: Evidence from a Mobile Appointment App

Changcheng Song, Nan Yang, Junjian Yi, Ye Yuan

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11772

Mergers and Birth Outcomes: Evidence from Maternity Ward Closures

Daniel Avdic, Petter Lundborg, Johan Vikström

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11627

Impacts of Shifting Responsibility for High-Cost Individuals on Health Insurance Exchange Plan Premiums and Cost-Sharing Provisions

Sankar Mukhopadhyay, Jeanne Wendel, Miaomiao Zou

published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2019, 66, 180-194.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11509

Moral Nimby-ism? Understanding Societal Support for Monetary Compensation to Plasma Donors in Canada

Nicola Lacetera, Mario Macis

published in: Law and Contemporary Problems, 2018, 81, 83 - 105

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11445

An Apple a Day? Adult Food Stamp Eligibility and Health Care Utilization Among Immigrants

Chloe N. East, Andrew I. Friedson

published in: American Journal of Health Economics, 2020, 6 (3), 289–323

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11444

Ambulance Utilization in New York City after the Implementation of the Affordable Care Act

Charles Courtemanche, Andrew I. Friedson, Daniel I. Rees

published as 'Association of Ambulance Use in New York City With the Implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ' in: JAMA Network Open, 2019, 2 (6), e196419.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11230

Gender Homophily in Referral Networks: Consequences for the Medicare Physician Earnings Gap

Dan Zeltzer

published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2020, 12 (2), 169-197

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10952

Did Parental Involvement Laws Grow Teeth? The Effects of State Restrictions on Minors' Access to Abortion

Caitlin Knowles Myers, Daniel Ladd

published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2020, 71, 102302

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10951

The Affordable Care Act and Ambulance Response Times

Charles Courtemanche, Andrew I. Friedson, Andrew P. Koller, Daniel I. Rees

published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2019, 67, 102213