The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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2,292 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17124
The Wage of Temporary Agency Workers
Antonin Bergeaud, Pierre Cahuc, Clément Malgouyres, Sara Signorelli, Thomas Zuber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17117
Government Contracting and Living Wages > Minimum Wages
Nikhil Datta, Stephen Machin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17105
ICT Skills and Labor Market Outcomes in India: Evidence from Cell Tower Expansion
Mehtabul Azam, M. Shahe Emran, Forhad Shilpi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17079
Why Wages Don't Fall in Jobs with Incomplete Contracts
Marco Fongoni, Daniel Schaefer, Carl Singleton
published online in: Management Science, 29 November 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17074
Minimum Wages and the Uptake of Supplemental Security Income
Krishna Regmi
published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 90, 102592
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17060
Extraordinary Labor Market Developments and the 2022-23 Disinflation
Steven J. Davis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17060
Extraordinary Labor Market Developments and the 2022-23 Disinflation
Steven J. Davis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17049
Wages and Employment in the Netherlands, 2017-2023
Iris Klinker, Bas ter Weel
published in: De Economist, 2024, 172 (3), 233-256
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17042
Informal Incentives and Labor Markets
Matthias Fahn, Takeshi Murooka
published in: Economic Journal, 2025, 135 (665), 144–179
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17042
Informal Incentives and Labor Markets
Matthias Fahn, Takeshi Murooka
published in: Economic Journal, 2025, 135 (665), 144–179
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17039
Coarse Wage-Setting and Behavioral Firms
Germán Reyes
published online in: Review of Economics and Statistics, June 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17033
The Underconfidence Wage Penalty
Anna Adamecz, Nikki Shure
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17016
The Economics of Gender-Specific Minimum Wage Legislation
Riccardo Marchingiglio, Mikhail Poyker
forthcoming in: Journal of Labor Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16972
Artificial Intelligence and the Skill Premium
David E. Bloom, Klaus Prettner, Jamel Saadaoui, Mario Veruete
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16964
The Devil Is in the Details: Heterogeneous Effects of the German Minimum Wage on Working Hours and Minijobs
Mario Bossler, Ying Liang, Thorsten Schank
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16964
The Devil Is in the Details: Heterogeneous Effects of the German Minimum Wage on Working Hours and Minijobs
Mario Bossler, Ying Liang, Thorsten Schank
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16964
The Devil Is in the Details: Heterogeneous Effects of the German Minimum Wage on Working Hours and Minijobs
Mario Bossler, Ying Liang, Thorsten Schank
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16938
Meritocracy across Countries
Oriana Bandiera, Ananya Kotia, Ilse Lindenlaub, Christian Moser, Andrea Prat
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16932
The Big Shift in Working Arrangements: Eight Ways Unusual
Steven J. Davis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16911
On the Asymmetrical Sensitivity of the Distribution of Real Wages to Business Cycle Fluctuations
Rodrigo Barrela, Eduardo Costa, Pedro Portugal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16894
Using Post-Regularization Distribution Regression to Measure the Effects of a Minimum Wage on Hourly Wages, Hours Worked and Monthly Earnings
Martin Biewen, Pascal Erhardt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16890
There and Back Again: Women's Marginal Commuting Costs
Annette Bergemann, Stephan Brunow, Isabel Stockton
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16888
How Cyclical Is the User Cost of Labor?
Marianna Kudlyak
published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2024, 28 (2), 159–180
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16888
How Cyclical Is the User Cost of Labor?
Marianna Kudlyak
published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2024, 28 (2), 159–180
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16885
Factory Automation, Labor Demand, and Local Labor Market
Daiji Kawaguchi, Tetsuji Okazaki, Xuanli Zhu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16882
Incentives to Comply with the Minimum Wage in the US and UK
Anna Stansbury
published as 'Incentives to Comply with the Minimum Wage in the United States and the United Kingdom' in: ILR Review, 2024, 78 (1), 190-216
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16870
Slouching Towards Decentralization. An Equilibrium Approach for Collective Bargaining.
Gabriele Cardullo
published online in: Italian Economic Journal, 28 February 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16866
Artificial Intelligence Capital and Employment Prospects
Nick Drydakis
published in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2024, 76 (4), 901–919,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16846
A Minimum Wage May Increase Exports and Firm Size Even with a Competitive Labor Market
Eliav Danziger, Leif Danziger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16837
Labor Demand on a Tight Leash
Mario Bossler, Martin Popp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16788
The Political Economy of Minimum Wage Setting: The Factories and Shops Act of Victoria (Australia), 1896-1913
Andrew Seltzer
published online in: Economic History Review, 16 October 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16787
Wage Cyclicality and Labour Market Institutions
João Pereira, Raul Ramos, Pedro S. Martins
revised version forthcoming in: Industrial Relations, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16762
The Cost of Following Traditional Gender Norms: Evidence from a Paid Leave for Seriously Ill Children
Valentina Paredes, Francisca Perez, Francisco J. Pino, Patricia Olmedo Cortés
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16755
What Skills Pay More? The Changing Demand and Return to Skills for Professional Workers
Cecily Josten, Helen Krause, Grace Lordan, Brian Yeung
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16754
Who Makes It to the Top? Differential Rewards to Personality across Gender and Occupation in the UK
Cecily Josten, Grace Lordan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16743
Baby Bumps in the Road: The Impact of Parenthood on Job Performance, Human Capital, and Career Advancement
Olivia Healy, Jennifer A. Heissel
published online in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 22 August 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16721
Birds of a Feather Earn Together. Gender and Peer Effects at the Workplace
Julián Messina, Anna Sanz-de-Galdeano, Anastasia Terskaya
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16716
Measuring Job Risks When Hedonic Wage Models Do Not Do the Job
Susana Ferreira, Sara Martinez-de-Morentin, Amaya Erro-Garcés
published in: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2025, 130, 103120
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16699
The Mismeasurement of Work Time: Implications for Wage Discrimination and Inequality
George J. Borjas, Daniel S. Hamermesh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16699
The Mismeasurement of Work Time: Implications for Wage Discrimination and Inequality
George J. Borjas, Daniel S. Hamermesh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16684
The Asymmetric Effect of Wage Floors: A Natural Experiment with a Rising and Falling Minimum Wage
Emiliano Huet-Vaughn, Jon Piqueras
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16684
The Asymmetric Effect of Wage Floors: A Natural Experiment with a Rising and Falling Minimum Wage
Emiliano Huet-Vaughn, Jon Piqueras
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16663
Non-Wage Job Values and Implications for Inequality
Tobias Lehmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16652
How Negative Labor Supply Shocks Affect Training in Firms: Lessons from Opening the Swiss-German Border
Caroline Neuber-Pohl, Damiano Pregaldini, Uschi Backes-Gellner, Sandra Dummert, Harald Pfeifer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16649
The Impact of New Free Trade Agreements on Incumbent Firms and Workers
Harald Dale-Olsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16621
Minimum Wage Non-compliance: The Role of Co-determination
Laszlo Goerke, Markus Pannenberg
substantially revised version published online in: European Journal of Law and Economics, 14 September 2024,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16612
What Explains the Growing Gender Education Gap? The Effects of Parental Background, the Labor Market and the Marriage Market on College Attainment
Zvi Eckstein, Michael P. Keane, Osnat Lifshitz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16600
Minimum Wages and Changing Wage Inequality in India
Saloni Khurana, Kanika Mahajan, Kunal Sen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16600
Minimum Wages and Changing Wage Inequality in India
Saloni Khurana, Kanika Mahajan, Kunal Sen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16583
Matching through Search Channels
Carlos Carrillo-Tudela, Leo Kaas, Benjamin Lochner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16577
Gender Differences in Reservation Wages in Search Experiments
Andrew McGee, Peter McGee
published in: Labour Economics, 2025, 94, 102698
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16577
Gender Differences in Reservation Wages in Search Experiments
Andrew McGee, Peter McGee
published in: Labour Economics, 2025, 94, 102698
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16550
Does Wage Theft Vary by Demographic Group? Evidence from Minimum Wage Increases
Jeffrey Clemens, Michael R. Strain
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16550
Does Wage Theft Vary by Demographic Group? Evidence from Minimum Wage Increases
Jeffrey Clemens, Michael R. Strain
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16524
Labor Market News and Expectations about Jobs & Earnings
Bernhard Schmidpeter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16514
The Minimum Wage, Turnover, and the Shape of the Wage Distribution
Pierre Brochu, David A. Green, Thomas Lemieux, James Townsend
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16514
The Minimum Wage, Turnover, and the Shape of the Wage Distribution
Pierre Brochu, David A. Green, Thomas Lemieux, James Townsend
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16512
Downward Rigidity in the Wage for New Hires
Jonathon Hazell, Bledi Taska
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16510
The Role of Global Value Chains for Worker Tasks and Wage Inequality
Piotr Lewandowski, Karol Madoń, Deborah Winkler
published in: World Economy, 2024, 47, 4389–4435
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16507
Minimum Wages and Unemployment during Economic Shocks
Joshua D. Merfeld, Matthew Sharp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16499
Automation and Income Inequality in Europe
Karina Doorley, Jan Gromadzki, Piotr Lewandowski, Dora Tuda, Philippe Van Kerm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16495
Structural Empirical Analysis of Vacancy Referrals with Imperfect Monitoring and the Strategic Use of Sickness Absence
Gerard J. van den Berg, Hanno Foerster, Arne Uhlendorff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16493
National Wage Setting
Jonathon Hazell, Christina Patterson, Heather Sarsons, Bledi Taska
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16481
Bonus Question: Does Flexible Incentive Pay Dampen Unemployment Dynamics?
Meghana Gaur, John Grigsby, Jonathon Hazell, Abdoulaye Ndiaye
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16475
Making Their Own Weather? Estimating Employer Labour-Market Power and Its Wage Effects
Pedro S. Martins, António Melo
published in: Journal of Urban Economics, 2024, 139, 103614
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16474
Can Vocational Education Improve Schooling and Labour Outcomes? Evidence from a Large Expansion
João R. Ferreira, Pedro S. Martins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16456
Social Skills and the Individual Wage Growth of Less Educated Workers
Philippe Aghion, Antonin Bergeaud, Richard Blundell, Rachel Griffith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16455
Minimum Wages, Wage Dispersion and Financial Constraints in Firms
Hamzeh Arabzadeh, Almut Balleer, Britta Gehrke, Ahmet Ali Taskin
published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 163, 104678
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16455
Minimum Wages, Wage Dispersion and Financial Constraints in Firms
Hamzeh Arabzadeh, Almut Balleer, Britta Gehrke, Ahmet Ali Taskin
published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 163, 104678
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16449
Signaling Specific Skills and the Labor Market of College Graduates
Matias Busso, Sebastián Montaño, Juan S. Muñoz-Morales
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16420
Remote Work, Wages, and Hours Worked in the United States
Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia, Victoria Vernon
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2025, 38, 18
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16416
Minimum Wages and Voting: Assessing the Political Returns to Redistribution outside the Tax System
Emiliano Huet-Vaughn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16409
The Gender Pay Gap: Micro Sources and Macro Consequences
Iacopo Morchio, Christian Moser
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16390
Real Exchange Rates and the Earnings of Immigrants
Christian Dustmann, Hyejin Ku, Tetyana Surovtseva
published in: Economic Journal, 2024, 134 (657), 171 - 294
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16371
Vacancy Duration and Wages
Ihsaan Bassier, Alan Manning, Barbara Petrongolo
fortcoming in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16356
A Multisector Perspective on Wage Stagnation
L. Rachel Ngai, Orhun Sevinc
this version: July 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16356
A Multisector Perspective on Wage Stagnation
L. Rachel Ngai, Orhun Sevinc
this version: July 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16352
Bidding for Talent: A Test of Conduct in a High-Wage Labor Market
Nina Roussille, Benjamin Scuderi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16351
Sticky Wages on the Layoff Margin
Steven J. Davis, Pawel M. Krolikowski
published in: American Economic Review, 2025, 115 (2), 491 - 524
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16351
Sticky Wages on the Layoff Margin
Steven J. Davis, Pawel M. Krolikowski
published in: American Economic Review, 2025, 115 (2), 491 - 524
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16312
Accident-Induced Absence from Work and Wage Ladders
Aniko Biro, Márta Bisztray, João G. da Fonseca, Tímea Laura Molnár
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16271
Wage Employment, Unemployment and Self-Employment across Countries
Markus Poschke
published in: Journal of Monetary Economics. 2025, 149, 103684
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16257
Minimum Wage, Worker Quality, and Consumer Well-Being: Evidence from the Child Care Market
Jessica H. Brown, Chris M. Herbst
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16233
External Pay Transparency and the Gender Wage Gap
Wolfgang Frimmel, Bernhard Schmidpeter, Rene Wiesinger, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16233
External Pay Transparency and the Gender Wage Gap
Wolfgang Frimmel, Bernhard Schmidpeter, Rene Wiesinger, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16204
Labor Market Frictions and Spillover Effects from Publicly Announced Sectoral Minimum Wages
Gökay Demir
updated version available as DP 17510
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16199
Innovation and the Labor Market: Theory, Evidence and Challenges
Nicoletta Corrocher, Daniele Moschella, Jacopo Staccioli, Marco Vivarelli
published in: Industrial and Corporate Change, 2024, 33 (3), 519–540
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16196
The Employment Effects of a Wage Subsidy for the Young during an Economic Recovery
Astrid Kunze, Marta Palczyńska, Iga Magda
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16192
Who Benefits from Tuition-Free, Top-Quality Universities? Evidence from Brazil
Suzanne Duryea, Rafael Perez Ribas, Breno Sampaio, Gustavo R. Sampaio, Giuseppe Trevisan
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2023, 96, 102423
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16185
The Career Effects of Union Membership
Samuel Dodini, Kjell G. Salvanes, Alexander Willén, Li Zhu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16177
Job Levels and Wages
Christian Bayer, Moritz Kuhn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16160
Minimum Wages, Productivity, and Reallocation
Mirja Haelbig, Matthias Mertens, Steffen Müller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16148
Husbands' Wages and Married Women's Labor Supply in Urban China
Mengbing Zhu, Yi Li, Chunbing Xing
published in: China Economic Review, 2023, 82, 102609.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16134
Cognitive Skills among Adults: An Impeding Factor for Gender Convergence?
Michele Battisti, Alexandra Fedorets, Lavinia Kinne
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16121
A Theory of Non-Coasean Labor Markets
Andrés Blanco, Andres Drenik, Christian Moser, Emilio Zaratiegui
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16121
A Theory of Non-Coasean Labor Markets
Andrés Blanco, Andres Drenik, Christian Moser, Emilio Zaratiegui
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16107
Minimum Wage and Tolerance for High Incomes
Andrea Fazio, Tommaso G. Reggiani
published in: European Economic Review, 2023, 155, 104445
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16080
Impact of Graduating with Honors on Entry Wages of Economics Majors
Salim Atay, Gunes A. Aşık, Semih Tumen
published in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2024, 86 (3), 606-640
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16079
The Increasing Penalty to Occupation-Education Mismatch
Hugh Cassidy, Amanda Gaulke
revised version published in Economic Inquiry, 2024, 62 (2), 607–632.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16078
Shifts in Composition of Jobs: Upgrading, Downgrading or Polarization? The Case of Russia 2000-2019
Vladimir Gimpelson, Rostislav Kapeliushnikov
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