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The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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170 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17101
The Importance of Sampling Frequency for Estimates of Well-Being Dynamics
Stephen Hoskins, David W. Johnston, Johannes S. Kunz, Michael A. Shields, Kevin E. Staub
published in: Economics Letters, 2024, 242, 111880
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16718
Using Life Satisfaction and Happiness Data for Environmental Valuation: An Experienced Preference Approach
Susana Ferreira, Mirko Moro, Heinz Welsch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15933
The Decision to Emigrate in Six MENA Countries: The Role of Post-Revolutionary Stress
Ali Fakih, Malak El Baba
published in: International Migration, 2023, 61 (4), 201-220
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15904
Explaining Happiness Trends in Europe
Richard A. Easterlin, Kelsey J. O'Connor
published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2022, 119 (37), e2210639119.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15790
Wellbeing Rankings
David G. Blanchflower, Alex Bryson
published in: Social Indicators Research, 2024, 171, 513–565
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15669
A Measure of Well-Being Efficiency Based on the World Happiness Report
Francesco Sarracino, Kelsey J. O'Connor
published in: International Productivity Monitor, 2022, 43, 10-40.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15533
The Midlife Crisis
Osea Giuntella, Sally McManus, Redzo Mujcic, Andrew J. Oswald, Nattavudh Powdthavee, Ahmed Tohamy
published in: Economica, 2023, 90 (357), 65 - 110
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15316
The Interplay between Organizational Structure, Culture and Employees’ Socio-Emotional Skills within Their Social Capital
Somayeh Koohborfardhaghighi, Jörn Altmann, Almas Heshmati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15315
Influence of Freedom of Choice on Happiness
Somayeh Koohborfardhaghighi, Christopher R. Summers, Almas Heshmati, Jörn Altmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14903
A Year of Pandemic: Levels, Changes and Validity of Well-Being Data from Twitter. Evidence from Ten Countries
Francesco Sarracino, Talita Greyling, Kelsey J. O'Connor, Chiara Peroni, Stephanié Rossouw
published in: PLos ONE, 2023, 18(2), e0275028.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14870
Time, Income and Subjective Well-Being - 20 Years of Interdependent Multidimensional Polarization in Germany
Joachim Merz, Bettina Scherg
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14721
Television, Health, and Happiness: A Natural Experiment in West Germany
Adrian Chadi, Manuel Hoffmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14645
Why Does Happiness Respond Differently to an Increase vs. Decrease in Income?
Richard A. Easterlin
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2023, 209, 200 - 204
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14632
The Analysis of Human Feelings: A Practical Suggestion for a Robustness Test
Jeffrey R. Bloem, Andrew J. Oswald
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2022, 68 (3), 689 - 710
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14437
An Optimal Split of School Classes
Oded Stark
published in: Economic Analysis and Policy, 2021, 69, 668-675
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14429
Energy Poverty and Subjective Well-Being in China: New Evidence from the China Family Panel Studies
Peng Nie, Qiaoge Li, Alfonso Sousa-Poza
published in: Energy Economics, 2021, 103: 105548.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14081
The Effect of Grandchildren on the Happiness of Grandparents: Does the Grandparent's Child's Gender Matter?
Eiji Yamamura, Giorgio Brunello
published in: Asian Economic Journal, 2023, 37 (2), 149 - 163
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13923
The Easterlin Paradox
Richard A. Easterlin, Kelsey J. O'Connor
published in: Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, first Online: 06 November 2022 (latest version)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13905
How Threatening Are Transformations of Happiness Scales to Subjective Wellbeing Research?
Caspar F. Kaiser, Maarten C.M. Vendrik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13879
How Do Mass Shootings Affect Community Wellbeing?
Aparna Soni, Erdal Tekin
published online in: Journal of Human Resources, June 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13739
Happier with Vocational Education?
Giorgio Brunello
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13690
Are Happier People More Compliant? Global Evidence From Three Large-Scale Surveys During Covid-19 Lockdowns
Christian Krekel, Sarah Swanke, Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Daisy Fancourt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13510
Does the Dream of Home Ownership Rest upon Biased Beliefs? A Test Based on Predicted and Realized Life Satisfaction
Reto Odermatt, Alois Stutzer
revised version published in: Journal of Happiness Studies, 2022, 23 (8), 3731-3763
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13140
Lockdowns, Loneliness and Life Satisfaction
Daniel S. Hamermesh
published as 'Life satisfaction, loneliness and togetherness, with an application to Covid-19 lock-downs' in: Review of Economics of the Household, 2020, 18, 983 - 1000
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12900
The Cost of Being Too Patient
Paola Giuliano, Paola Sapienza
published in: American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 2020, 110, 314-318
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12888
Employment vs. Homestay and the Happiness of Women in the South Caucasus
Karine Torosyan, Norberto Pignatti
published in: Journal of Happiness Studies, 2022, 23, 4027-4071
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12791
The Mental Health Effects of Retirement
Matteo Picchio, Jan C. van Ours
revised version published in: De Economist, 2020, 168, 419-452
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12636
The Effects of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on Subjective Well-being
Seonghoon Kim, Kanghyock Koh
published in: Health Economics, 2022, 31(1), 233-249
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12622
Happiness and Public Policy: A Procedural Perspective
Alois Stutzer
published in: Behavioural Public Policy, 2020, 4 (2), 210-225
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12589
Does It Pay to Bet on Your Favourite to Win? Evidence on Experienced Utility from the 2018 FIFA World Cup Experiment
Lajos Kossuth, Nattavudh Powdthavee, Donna Harris, Nick Chater
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2020, 171, 35-58.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12547
Quantifying the Intangible Impact of the Olympics Using Subjective Well-Being Data
Paul Dolan, Georgios Kavetsos, Christian Krekel, Dimitris Mavridis, Renuka Metcalfe, Claudia Senik, Stefan Szymanski, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2019, 177, 104043
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12435
Three Revolutions of the Modern Era
Richard A. Easterlin
published in: Comparative Economic Studies, 2019, 61 (4), 521–530
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12313
The Effects of Exposure to Air Pollution on Subjective Well-being in China
Xin Zhang, Xi Chen, Xiaobo Zhang
longer version published in: D.Maddison, K. Rehdanz, H. Welsch (eds.): Handbook on Well-being, Happiness, and the Environment, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11994
Different Versions of the Easterlin Paradox: New Evidence for European Countries
Caspar F. Kaiser, Maarten C.M. Vendrik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11938
Does Female Breadwinning Make Partnerships Less Healthy or Less Stable?
Gigi Foster, Leslie S. Stratton
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2021, 34 (1), 63-96.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11879
Does Health Insurance Make People Happier? Evidence from Massachusetts' Healthcare Reform
Seonghoon Kim, Kanghyock Koh
published as 'Health insurance and subjective well-being: Evidence from two healthcare reforms in the United States' in: Health Economics, 2022, 31 (1), 233-249
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11832
Are Retirees More Satisfied? Anticipation and Adaptation Effects of Retirement on Subjective Well-Being: A Panel Analysis for Germany
Joachim Merz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11819
Micro-Entrepreneurship and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Rural Bangladesh
Muhammad Faress Bhuiyan, Artjoms Ivlevs
published in: Journal of Business Venturing, 2019, 34 (4), 625-645
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11763
Relative Income and Happiness: An Experiment
John Ifcher, Homa Zarghamee, Daniel Houser, Lina Diaz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11705
Unintended Consequences of China's New Labor Contract Law on Unemployment and Welfare Loss of the Workers
Randall K. Q. Akee, Liqiu Zhao, Zhong Zhao
published in: China Economic Review, 2019, 53, 87-105
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11545
The Shadow Prices of Voluntary Caregiving: Using Panel Data of Well-Being to Estimate the Cost of Informal Care
Rebecca McDonald, Nattavudh Powdthavee
published online in: Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11437
Emigration, Remittances and the Subjective Well-Being of Those Staying Behind
Artjoms Ivlevs, Milena Nikolova, Carol Lee Graham
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2019, 32 (1), 113-151.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11273
How Does Terrorism Affect Individuals' Wellbeing?
Alex Bryson, George MacKerron
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11184
Unhappiness and Pain in Modern America: A Review Essay, and Further Evidence, on Carol Graham's Happiness for All?
David G. Blanchflower, Andrew J. Oswald
published in: Journal of Economic Literature, 2019, 57 (2), 385 - 402
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11181
The Welfare Implications of Addictive Substances: A Longitudinal Study of Life Satisfaction of Drug Users
Julie Moschion, Nattavudh Powdthavee
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2018, 146, 206-221
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11135
Early-Life Correlates of Later-Life Well-Being: Evidence from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study
Andrew E. Clark, Tom Lee
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2021, 181, 360-368
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11099
The Relationship between Status and Happiness: Evidence from the Caste System in Rural India
Bert van Landeghem, Anneleen Vandeplas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11043
Subjective Well-Being and Partnership Dynamics: Are Same-Sex Relationships Different?
Shuai Chen, Jan C. van Ours
published in: Demography, 2018, 55 (6), 2299-2320.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10959
Antidepressants for Economists and Business-School Researchers: An Introduction and Review
Aleksandra Katolik, Andrew J. Oswald
published in: Die Unternehmung, 2017, 71 (4), 448 - 463
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10958
Do Humans Suffer a Psychological Low in Midlife? Two Approaches (With and Without Controls) in Seven Data Sets
David G. Blanchflower, Andrew J. Oswald
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10774
Sometimes Your Best Just Ain't Good Enough: The Worldwide Evidence on Well-Being Efficiency
Milena Nikolova, Olga Popova
published in: B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 2021, 21(1), 83-114
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10759
Female Suicide and the Concept of the Midlife Crisis
Andrew J. Oswald, Ahmed Tohamy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10624
What Matters for Life Satisfaction among the Oldest-Old? Evidence from China
Sor Tho Ng, Nai Peng Tey, Niaz Asadullah
published in: PLOS One, 2017, 12(2): e0171799
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10452
The Great Recession and Life Satisfaction: The Unique Decline for Americans Approaching Retirement Age
John Ifcher, Homa Zarghamee, Amanda Cabacungan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10218
The Development and Happiness of Very Young Children
Paul Anand, Laurence Roope
published in: Social Choice and Welfare, 2016, 47, 825 - 851
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10155
Income Inequality and Well-Being in the U.S.: Evidence of Geographic-Scale- and Measure-Dependence
John Ifcher, Homa Zarghamee, Carol Lee Graham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10088
Happiness and Development
Milena Nikolova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10087
Happy Hosts? International Tourist Arrivals and Residents' Subjective Well-being in Europe
Artjoms Ivlevs
published in: Journal of Travel Research, 2017, 56 (5), 599-612
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10028
Valuing Air Quality Using Happiness Data: The Case of China
Xin Zhang, Xiaobo Zhang, Xi Chen
published in: Ecological Economics, 2017, 137, 29 - 36
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9934
Local Neighbors as Positives, Regional Neighbors as Negatives: Competing Channels in the Relationship between Others' Income, Health, and Happiness
John Ifcher, Homa Zarghamee, Carol Lee Graham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9912
Entrepreneurs and Freelancers: Are They Time and Income Multidimensional Poor? The German Case
Joachim Merz, Tim Rathjen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9880
Happy People Have Children: Choice and Self-Selection into Parenthood
Sophie Cetre, Andrew E. Clark, Claudia Senik
published in: European Journal of Population, 2016, 32, 445-473
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9676
Paradox Lost?
Richard A. Easterlin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9637
Subjective Well-being in China, 2005-2010: The Role of Relative Income, Gender and Location
Niaz Asadullah, Saizi Xiao, Emile Kok-Kheng Yeoh
published in: China Economic Review, 2018, 48, 83–101
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9636
Does Joining the EU Make You Happy? Evidence from Bulgaria and Romania
Milena Nikolova, Boris Nikolaev
published in: Journal of Happiness Studies, 2017, 18, 1593 - 1623
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9450
Do People Seek to Maximize Their Subjective Well‐Being?
Marc Fleurbaey, Hannes Schwandt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9401
National Well-being Policy and a Weighted Approach to Human Feelings
Gus O'Donnell, Andrew J. Oswald
published in: Ecological Economics, 2015,120, 59 - 70
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9312
Happiness in the Air: How Does a Dirty Sky Affect Subjective Well-being?
Xin Zhang, Xiaobo Zhang, Xi Chen
pubished as 'Happiness in the air: How does a dirty sky affect mental health and subjective well-being?' in: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2017, 85, 81 - 94
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9282
Relative Income and Life Satisfaction of Turkish Immigrants: The Impact of a Collectivistic Culture
Devrim Dumludag, Ozge Gokdemir, Maarten C.M. Vendrik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9055
Life Satisfaction in Germany after Reunification: Additional Insights on the Pattern of Convergence
Christian Pfeifer, Inna Petrunyk
published in: Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), 2016, 236 (2), 217-239
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8559
Boss Competence and Worker Well-being
Benjamin Artz, Amanda H. Goodall, Andrew J. Oswald
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2017, 70 (2), 419–450
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8498
Happy Voters
Federica Liberini, Michela Redoano, Eugenio Proto
revised version published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2017, 146, 41-57
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8435
Happiness and Work
Annabelle Krause-Pilatus
published in: James D. Wright (ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd ed., 2015, Vol. 10, Elsevier, Oxord, 515-520
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8300
National Happiness and Genetic Distance: A Cautious Exploration
Eugenio Proto, Andrew J. Oswald
published in: Economic Journal, 2017, 127 (604), 2127-2152
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8194
Coresidency, Ethnicity, and Happiness of China's Rural Elders
Rachel Connelly, Michael Iannotti, Margaret Maurer-Fazio, Dandan Zhang
published in: Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2015, 56 (1), 70 - 88
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8131
Economic Approaches to Understanding Change in Happiness
Nattavudh Powdthavee, Alois Stutzer
published in: K. Sheldon and R.E. Lucas (eds.): Stability of Happiness, 2014
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8077
Does Labor Legislation Benefit Workers? Well-Being after an Hours Reduction
Daniel S. Hamermesh, Daiji Kawaguchi, Jungmin Lee
published in: Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 2017, 44, 1-12
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7944
Happy in the Hood? The Impact of Residential Segregation on Self-Reported Happiness
Chris M. Herbst, Joanna Lucio
published in: Journal of Regional Science, 2016, 56 (3), 494 - 521
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7943
Human Well-being and In-Work Benefits: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Richard Dorsett, Andrew J. Oswald
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7942
Longitudinal Evidence for a Midlife Nadir in Human Well-being: Results from Four Data Sets
Terence Chai Cheng, Nattavudh Powdthavee, Andrew J. Oswald
published in: Economic Journal, 2017, 127 (599), 126 - 142
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7531
If You're Happy and You Know It, Clap Your Hands: How Do Mothers and Fathers Really Feel about Child Caregiving?
Rachel Connelly, Jean Kimmel
published in: Feminist Economics, 2015, 21 (1), 1-34
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7495
Are Happier People Less Judgmental of Other People's Selfish Behaviors? Laboratory Evidence from Trust and Gift Exchange Games
Michalis Drouvelis, Nattavudh Powdthavee
published in: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 2015, 58, 111-123.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7418
Polarization of Time and Income – A Multidimensional Approach with Well-Being Gap and Minimum 2DGAP: German Evidence
Joachim Merz, Bettina Scherg
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7368
The Effects of International Migration on the Well-Being of Native Populations in Europe
William Betz, Nicole B. Simpson
published in: IZA Journal of Migration, 2013, 2:12.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7353
Subjective Well‐Being and Income: Is There Any Evidence of Satiation?
Betsey Stevenson, Justin Wolfers
shorter version published in: American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings, 2013, 103 (3), 598-604
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7309
Subjective and Objective Indicators of Racial Progress
Betsey Stevenson, Justin Wolfers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7261
The Earned Income Tax Credit, Health, and Happiness
Casey Boyd-Swan, Chris M. Herbst, John Ifcher, Homa Zarghamee
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2016, 126, 18-38
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7234
Happiness, Growth, and Public Policy
Richard A. Easterlin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7196
China's Life Satisfaction, 1990-2010
Richard A. Easterlin, Robson Morgan, Maggie Switek, Fei Wang
published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012, 109 (25), 9775-9780
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7187
Happiness and Economic Growth: The Evidence
Richard A. Easterlin
published in W. Glatzer, L. Camfield, V. Møller, and M. Rojas (eds.): Global Handbook of Quality of Life: Exploration of Well-Being of Nations and Continents, 2015, 283-299
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7153
The Drivers of Happiness Inequality: Suggestions for Promoting Social Cohesion
Leonardo Becchetti, Riccardo Massari, Paolo Naticchioni
published in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2014, 66(2), 419-442
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7119
Children, Spousal Love, and Happiness: An Economic Analysis
Shoshana Grossbard, Sankar Mukhopadhyay
published in: Review of Economics of the Household, 2013, 11 (3), 447-467
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7107
Don't Worry, Be Happy? Happiness and Reemployment
Annabelle Krause-Pilatus
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2013, 96, 1-20
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7078
Recent Developments in the Economics of Happiness: A Selective Overview
Alois Stutzer, Bruno S. Frey
published in: Bruno S. Frey and Alois Stutzer (eds.), Recent Developments in the Economics of Happiness, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2013, ix-xxiii
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6945
Resilience to Economic Shocks and the Long Reach of Childhood Bullying
Nattavudh Powdthavee
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6944
Parents Transmit Happiness along with Associated Values and Behaviors to Their Children: A Lifelong Happiness Dividend?
Bruce Headey, Ruud Muffels, Gert G. Wagner
published in: Social Indicators Research, 2014, 116(3), 909–933
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6840
A Cautionary Note on Using Industry Affiliation to Predict Income
Jörn-Steffen Pischke, Hannes Schwandt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6804
Do Higher Childcare Subsidies Improve Parental Well-being? Evidence from Québec's Family Policies
Abel Brodeur, Marie Connolly
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2013, 93, 1-16
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6771
Happiness and the Persistence of Income Shocks
Christian Bayer, Falko Juessen
published in: American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2015, 7 (4), 160–187
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6761
The Great Happiness Moderation
Andrew E. Clark, Sarah Flèche, Claudia Senik
published in: Andrew Clark and Claudia Senik (Eds.), Happiness and Economic Growth: Lessons from Developing Countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014, 22-139
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