The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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4,256 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15829
Disparate Racial Impacts of Shelby County v. Holder on Voter Turnout
Stephen B. Billings, Noah Braun, Daniel Jones, Ying Shi
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2024, 230, 105047
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15828
Do Fathers Have Son Preference in the United States? Evidence from Paternal Subjective Well-Being
Younghwan Song, Jia Gao
published in: Review of Economics of the Household, 2023, 21, 1083-1117
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15824
Skills, Parental Sorting, and Child Inequality
Martin Nybom, Erik Plug, Bas van der Klaauw, Lennart Ziegler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15822
The Gendered Crisis: Livelihoods and Mental Well-Being in India during COVID-19
Farzana Afridi, Amrita Dhillon, Sanchari Roy
published in: Feminist Economics, 2023, 29 (3), 40–74.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15821
Secure Communities as Immigration Enforcement: How Secure Is the Child Care Market?
Umair Ali, Jessica H. Brown, Chris M. Herbst
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2024, 233, 105101
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15814
Early Child Care and Labor Supply of Lower-SES Mothers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Henning Hermes, Marina Krauß, Philipp Lergetporer, Frauke Peter, Simon Wiederhold
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15804
Broadband Internet and Attitudes Towards Migrants: Evidence from Spain
Marta Golin, Alessio Romarri
published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2024, 85, 102579
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15802
Hispanic Americans in the Labor Market: Patterns over Time and across Generations
Francisca M. Antman, Brian Duncan, Stephen J. Trejo
published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2023, 37 (1), 169–198
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15797
The Effects of Employers' Disability and Unemployment Insurance Costs on Benefit Inflows
Tomi Kyyrä, Juha Tuomala
published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 85, 102434
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15796
Gender Differences in Adolescents' Socioemotional Development and Their Later Economic Consequences
Ghazala Azmat, Katja Maria Kaufmann, Yasemin Özdemir
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15795
Does Using Planning Policy to Restrict Fast Food Outlets Reduce Inequalities in Childhood Overweight and Obesity?
Huasheng Xiang, Viviana Albani, Louis Goffe, Nasima Akhter, Amelia Lake, Heather Brown
published as 'Planning policies to restrict fast food and inequalities in child weight in England: a quasi-experimental analysis' in: Obesity, 2024, 32 (12), 2345-2353
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15792
Do Immigrants Ever Oppose Immigration?
Aflatun Kaeser, Massimiliano Tani
publishled in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2023, 80, 102460
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15789
Culture and the Labor Supply of Female Immigrants
Julia Bredtmann, Sebastian Otten
published in: Economic Inquiry, 2023, 61 (2), 282-300
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15788
Beliefs about Maternal Labor Supply
Teodora Boneva, Marta Golin, Katja Maria Kaufmann, Christopher Rauh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15786
Citizenship and Integration
Christina Gathmann, Julio Garbers
published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 82, 102343
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15783
The Impact of Paid Family Leave on Families with Health Shocks
Courtney Coile, Maya Rossin-Slater, Amanda Su
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15781
The Gender Pay Gap in the CEOs' Labor Market
Massimiliano Tani, Andrew Valentine, Kieran Sharpe
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15780
Does Ethnic Diversity in Schools Affect Occupational Choices?
Damiano Pregaldini, Simone Balestra, Uschi Backes-Gellner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15778
Counting Missing Women – A Reconciliation of the 'Flow Measure' and the 'Stock Measure'
Cara Ebert, Stephan Klasen, Sebastian Vollmer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15776
Maternal Dengue and Health Outcomes of Children
Martin Foureaux Koppensteiner, Livia Menezes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15774
Social Networks and the Labour Market
Farzana Afridi, Amrita Dhillon
published online in: Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, 16 September 2022
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15773
Gender Stereotypes in the Family
Cheti Nicoletti, Almudena Sevilla, Valentina Tonei
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15770
Moving up the Social Ladder? Wages of First- and Second-Generation Immigrants from Developing Countries
Kevin Pineda-Hernández, François Rycx, Mélanie Volral
published online in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 01 February 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15767
Social Networks, Gender Norms and Women's Labor Supply: Experimental Evidence Using a Job Search Platform
Farzana Afridi, Amrita Dhillon, Sanchari Roy, Nikita Sangwan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15766
Internet Use and Fertility Behavior among Reproductive-Age Women in China
Peng Nie, Xu Peng, Tianyuan Luo
published in: China Economic Review, 2023, 77, 101903
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15765
Parental Beliefs, Perceived Health Risks, and Time Investment in Children: Evidence from COVID-19
Gabriella Conti, Michele Giannola, Alessandro Toppeta
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15755
Telework during the Pandemic: Patterns, Challenges, and Opportunities for People with Disabilities
Mason Ameri, Douglas L. Kruse, So Ri Park, Yana van der Meulen Rodgers, Lisa Schur
published in: Disability and Health Journal, 2023, 16 (2), 101406
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15753
Public Opinion, Racial Bias, and Labor Market Outcomes
Kaveh Majlesi, Silvia Prina, Paul Sullivan
published in: Nature Human Behaviour, 2024, 8, 1493–1505
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15749
Who Divorces Whom: Unilateral Divorce Legislation and the Educational Structure of Marriage
Geghetsik Afunts, Štepán Jurajda
published in: Demography, 2024, 61 (4), 1097–1116.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15746
Immigrant Peers and Foreign Language Acquisition
Colin P. Green, Kristine Bekkeheien Haaland, Jon Marius Vaag Iversen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15742
Do Pension Benefits Accelerate Cognitive Decline? Evidence from Rural China
Plamen Nikolov, Md Shahadath Hossain
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2023, 205, 594 - 617
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15741
The Labour Market Returns to Sleep
Joan Costa-Font, Sarah Flèche, Ricardo Pagan
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2024, 93, 102840
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15736
The Impact of Immigration and Integration Policies On Immigrant-Native Labor Market Hierarchies
Martin Guzi, Martin Kahanec, Lucia Mýtna Kureková
published in: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2023, 49 (16), 4169–4187
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15733
Female Neighbors, Test Scores, and Careers
Sofoklis Goulas, Rigissa Megalokonomou, Yi Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15728
High Speed Internet and the Widening Gender Gap in Adolescent Mental Health: Evidence from Hospital Records
Esther Arenas-Arroyo, Daniel Fernández-Kranz, Natalia Nollenberger
This version: May 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15726
The Effects of a Disability Employment Quota When Compliance Is Cheaper than Defiance
Judit Krekó, Álmos Telegdy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15719
The Gift of a Lifetime: The Hospital, Modern Medicine, and Mortality
Alex Hollingsworth, Melissa A. Thomasson, Krzysztof Karbownik, Anthony Wray
published in: American Economic Review, 2024, 114(7), 2201-2238.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15718
Hate in the Time of COVID-19: Racial Crimes against East Asians
Joel Carr, Jonathan James, Joanna Clifton-Sprigg, Suncica Vujic
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15709
Geographic Variation in Inpatient Care Utilization, Outcomes and Costs for Dementia Patients in China
Zhuoer Lin, Fang Ba, Heather Allore, Gordon G. Liu, Xi Chen
published in: China CDC Weekly, 2022, 4 (45), 997-1001
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15707
An Arab, an Asian, and a Black Guy Walk into a Job Interview: Ethnic Stigma in Hiring after Controlling for Social Class
Hannah Van Borm, Louis Lippens, Stijn Baert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15704
Social Norms and Gendered Occupational Choices of Men and Women: Time to Turn the Tide?
Patricia Palffy, Patrick Lehnert, Uschi Backes-Gellner
published in: Industrial Relations, 2023, 62 (4), 380-410
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15703
The COVID-19 Baby Bump: The Unexpected Increase in U.S. Fertility Rates in Response to the Pandemic
Martha J. Bailey, Janet Currie, Hannes Schwandt
published in: Demograpy, 2023, 120 (34), e2222075120
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15691
Gender Diversity, Labour in the Boardroom and Gender Quotas
Astrid Kunze, Katrin Scharfenkamp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15690
Microentrepreneurs' Gender Difference in Labor Demand
Oluwasheyi S. Oladipo, Hyoung Suk Shim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15681
Multitasking
Anzelika Zaiceva
published in: K.F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, Cham, 2023, 1-29
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15672
Parenting Promotes Social Mobility Within and Across Generations
Jorge Luis García, James J. Heckman
published in: Annual Review of Economics, 2023, 15, 349 - 388
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15659
Naturalization and Immigrants' Health
Ainoa Aparicio Fenoll
published in: Health Economics, 2024, 33 (2), 310 - 332
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15657
The Impact of Legal Abortion on Maternal Mortality
Sherajum Monira Farin, Lauren Hoehn-Velasco, Michael Pesko
published in: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2024, 16 (3), 174 - 216
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15654
Marriage as Insurance: Job Protection and Job Insecurity in France
Andrew E. Clark, Conchita D'Ambrosio, Anthony Lepinteur
published in: Review of Economics of the Household, 2023, 21 (4), 1157-1190
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15646
The Slow Demographic Transition in Regions Vulnerable to Climate Change
Thang Dao, Matthias Kalkuhl, Chrysovalantis Vasilakis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15644
Long Social Distancing
José María Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15643
Temporal Discounting in Later Life
Ellam Kulati, Michal Myck, Giacomo Pasini
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2023, 213, 87-101
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15642
Migrants from Ukraine and Belarus Living in Sweden before the War
Fredrik W. Andersson, Eskil Wadensjö
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15640
Is Longer Maternal Care Always Beneficial? The Impact of a Four-Year Paid Parental Leave
Alena Bicakova, Klara Kaliskova
revised version published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2024, 37, 36
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15639
Women's Careers and Family Formation
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Damian Clarke, Selma Walther
published in: Klaus. F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer Nature, 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15630
The Timing of Parental Job Displacement, Child Development and Family Adjustment
Pedro Carneiro, Kjell G. Salvanes, Barton Willage, Alexander Willén
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15624
Spillover Effects of Immigration Policies on Children's Human Capital
Esther Arenas-Arroyo, Bernhard Schmidpeter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15623
Job Preferences of Aged Care Workers in Australia: Results from a Discrete Choice Experiment
Kostas Mavromaras, Linda Isherwood, Stephane Mahuteau, Julie Ratcliffe, Lily Xiao, Ann Harrington, Zhang Wei
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15621
The Times Have Changed: Tracking the Evolution of Gender Norms over Time
Andreas Kuhn
revised and partially expanded version published in: Research in Labor Economics, 2024, 52B, 131-170
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15620
Are Environmental Concerns Deterring People from Having Children?
Ben Lockwood, Nattavudh Powdthavee, Andrew J. Oswald
published in: Ecological Economics, 2024, 220, 108184
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15609
Analysis of Twins
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Damian Clarke
published in: Klaus. F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer Nature, 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15600
COVID-19 and the Swedish Labor Market in 2021, the Second COVID-19 Year
Fredrik W. Andersson, Eskil Wadensjö
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15596
Lowering Barriers to Remote Education: Experimental Impacts on Parental Responses and Learning
Emily A. Beam, Priya Mukherjee, Laia Navarro-Sola
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15593
Estimating Inter-Generational Returns to Medical Care: New Evidence from At­-Risk Newborns
Damian Clarke, Nicolás Lillo Bustos, Kathya Tapia Schythe
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15587
Immigrants and Trade Union Membership: Does Integration into Society and Workplace Play a Moderating Role?
Fenet Jima Bedaso, Uwe Jirjahn, Laszlo Goerke
revised version published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2024, 62 (2), 262-292 (authored by Fenet Jima Bedaso and Uwe Jirjahn)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15585
Expansions in Paid Parental Leave and Mothers' Economic Progress
Gozde Corekcioglu, Marco Francesconi, Astrid Kunze
published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 169, 104845
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15577
The Effect of Removing Early Retirement on Mortality
Cristina Bellés Obrero, Sergi Jimenez-Martin, Han Ye
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15575
Demographic Transitions across Time and Space
Matthew J. Delventhal, Jesús Fernández-Villaverde, Nezih Guner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15574
The Downward Spiral
Jeremy Greenwood, Nezih Guner, Karen A. Kopecky
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15571
Culture, Children and Couple Gender Inequality
Jonas Jessen
revised version published in: European Economic Review 2022, 150, 104310
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15567
A Field Study of Age Discrimination in the Workplace: The Importance of Gender and Race. Pay the Gap
Nick Drydakis, Anna Paraskevopoulou, Vasiliki Bozani
published in: Employee Relations, 2023, 45 (2), 304-327
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15563
Pension Wealth and the Gender Wealth Gap
Karla Cordova, Markus M. Grabka, Eva Sierminska
published in: European Journal of Population, 2022, 38, 755 - 810
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15558
The Econometrics of Antidotal Variables
Tirthatanmoy Das, Solomon Polachek
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15553
The Impact of Maternal Education on Child Immunization: Evidence from Bangladesh
Md Shahjahan, Giulia La Mattina, Padmaja Ayyagari
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15550
Gender Differences in High-Stakes Performance and College Admission Policies
Andreu Arenas, Caterina Calsamiglia
forthcoming in: Management Science, 2025.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15546
Native American 'Deaths of Despair' and Economic Conditions
Randall K. Q. Akee, Donn. L. Feir, Marina Mileo Gorzig, Samuel Myers Jr
published in: Research in Social Stratification, 2024, 89, 100880
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15542
Understanding Labor Market Discrimination against Transgender People: Evidence from a Double List Experiment and a Survey
Billur Aksoy, Christopher S. Carpenter, Dario Sansone
published in: Management Science, 2024, 71 (1), 659-677.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15538
The Long Run Impact of Childhood Interracial Contact on Residential Segregation
Luca Paolo Merlino, Max F. Steinhardt, Liam Wren-Lewis
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2024, 239, 105242
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15532
Gender, Motivation, and Self-Selection into Teaching
Francesca Barigozzi, Jaai Parasnis, Massimiliano Tani
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15531
Universal Early Childhood Education and Adolescent Risky Behavior
Michihito Ando, Hiroaki Mori, Shintaro Yamaguchi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15527
What Divides the First and Second Generations? Family Time of Arrival and Educational Outcomes for Immigrant Youth
Marie C. Hull
published in: Southern Economic Journal, 2023, 89 (3), 754-787
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15520
Expected Returns to Crime and Crime Location
Nils Braakmann, Arnaud Chevalier, Tanya Wilson
published in: American Economic Journal : Applied Economics, 2024, 16 (4), 144 - 160
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15518
Manufacturing Employment and Women's Agency: Evidence from Lesotho 2004-2014
Louise Grogan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15511
Early Life Circumstances and the Health of Older Adults: A Research Note
Xi Chen
published as 'The path to healthy ageing in China: a Peking University–Lancet Commission' in :The Lancet Commission Report, 2022, 400 (10367), P1967 - 2006
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15509
Political Selection When Uncertainty Is High
Thushyanthan Baskaran, Zohal Hessami, Temurbek Khasanboev
published in: Kyklos, 2023, 145, 76 (2), 161-178
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15508
Childhood Vaccinations and Demographic Transition: Long-Term Evidence from India
Arindam Nandi, Amit Summan, D. Thoai Ngô, David E. Bloom
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15507
Boomerang College Kids: Unemployment, Job Mismatch and Coresidence
Stefania Albanesi, Rania Gihleb, Ning Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15503
Temporary Replacement Workers in a Matching Model with Employment at Will
Pietro Garibaldi, Pedro Maia Gomes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15498
The Slaughter of the Bison and Reversal of Fortunes on the Great Plains
Donn. L. Feir, Rob Gillezeau, Maggie E. C. Jones
published in: Review of Economic Studies, 2024, 91 (3), 1634–1670
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15495
Homeownership and the Perception of Material Security in Old Age
Claudius Garten, Michal Myck, Monika Oczkowska
published in: Applied Economics, 2025, 57 (33), 4988 - 5000
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15490
The Effect of Health Insurance on Child Nutritional Outcomes. Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design in Peru
Noelia Bernal, Joan Costa-Font, Patricia Ritter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15487
Gender Discrimination and the Sex Ratio of Immigrants
Saul Lach, Nachum Sicherman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15482
Migration and Firm-Level Productivity
Richard Fabling, David C. Maré, Philip Stevens
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15473
Discrimination in a Rank Order Contest. Evidence from the NFL Draft
Ian Gregory-Smith, Alex Bryson, Rafael Gomez
published in: Journal of Economics, Race and Policy, 2023, 6, 215-231
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15471
Long-Term Services and Supports and Disease Management among Older Chinese Adults in Different Stages of Cognitive Impairment
Zhuoer Lin, Xi Chen
published in: Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 2022, 23, 100405.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15469
Keep Me In, Coach: The Short- and Long-Term Effects of Targeted Academic Coaching
Serena Canaan, Stefanie Fischer, Pierre Mouganie, Geoffrey C. Schnorr
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15468
Economic Recession, Parental Unemployment and Adolescents’ Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health Outcomes in Greece
Nick Drydakis
published in: Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 2023, 23 (2), 275-298.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15464
Prenatal Exposure to PM2.5 and Infant Birth Outcomes: Evidence from a Population-Wide Database
Babak Jahanshahi, Brian Johnston, Duncan McVicar, Mark E. McGovern, Dermot O’Reilly, Neil Rowland, Stavros Vlachos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15460
Testing for Discrimination in Rental Markets: Experimental Evidence from the UK
Martin Foureaux Koppensteiner, Tania Oliveira, Nikitha Rohith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15457
Does It Matter Who Cares for You? The Effect of Substituting Informal with Formal Personal Care on the Care Recipients' Health
Bruce Hollingsworth, Asako Ohinata, Matteo Picchio, Ian Walker
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