This paper reviews RPA adoption in Chile and estimates its future social impact. A survey of 103 professionals—mainly from services, mining, and engineering—shows most firms have not begun implementing RPA. Early adopters prioritize strategic alignment, tech readiness, and scalability, citing benefits such as productivity and efficiency, but also challenges like skills gaps, maintenance, and job-loss concerns. Large companies in IT, mining, and services lead post-Covid adoption. Using data from 1.5M firms, the study estimates that full RPA deployment in purchasing could displace up to 75,000 jobs, with a social cost of USD 1B, largely affecting services, commerce, healthcare, the public sector, and engineering. The Metropolitan Region would be most impacted, potentially losing over 45,000 jobs. The findings show how developing economies can adopt advanced technologies while managing social impacts.