The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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12,163 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16959
Is There Really a Child Penalty in the Long Run? New Evidence from IVF Treatments
Petter Lundborg, Erik Plug, Astrid Würtz Rasmussen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16958
Geographic Inequalities in Accessibility of Essential Services
Vanda Almeida, Claire Hoffmann, Sebastian Königs, Ana Isabel Moreno-Monroy, Mauricio Salazar-Lozada, Javier Terrero-Dávila
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16957
Does Vocational Education Pay off in China? Evidence from City-Level Education Supply Shocks
Li Dai, Pedro S. Martins
published in: Economic Modelling, 2024, 140, 106863
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16956
Public and Parental Investments, and Children's Skill Formation
Miriam Gensowski, Rasmus Landersø, Philip Dale, Anders Hojen, Laura Justice, Dorthe Bleses
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16955
Are Parents an Obstacle to Gender-Atypical Occupational Choices?
Stefan C. Wolter, Thea Zöllner
forthcoming in: Journal of Population Economics, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16954
Honesty of Groups: Effects of Size and Gender Composition
Gerd Muehlheusser, Timo Promann, Andreas Roider, Niklas Wallmeier
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16953
Birth Order in the Very Long-Run: Estimating Firstborn Premiums between 1850 and 1940
Angela Cools, Jared Grooms, Krzysztof Karbownik, Siobhan O'Keefe, Joseph Price, Anthony Wray
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16951
Impact of Temporary Migration on Long-Run Economic Development: The Legacy of the Sent-down Youth Program
Tue Gorgens, Xin Meng, Guochang Zhao
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16950
What Works in Supporting Women-Led Businesses?
Diego Ubfal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16949
Sick of Your Poor Neighborhood? Quasi-Experimental Evidence on Neighborhood Effects on Health
Linea Hasager, Mia Jørgensen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16944
Algorithmic Bias and Racial Inequality: A Critical Review
Maximilian Kasy
published in: Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2024, 40 (3), 530–546
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16943
Loopholes and the Incidence of Public Services: Evidence from Funding Career & Technical Education
Thomas Goldring, Brian A. Jacob, Daniel Kreisman, Michael D. Ricks
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16942
Time of Change: Health Effects of Motherhood
Fabian T. Dehos, Marie Elina Paul, Wiebke Schäfer, Karolin Süß
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16941
Do Female–Owned Employment Agencies Mitigate Discrimination and Expand Opportunity for Women?
Jennifer Hunt, Carolyn Moehling
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16940
Partial Legalization and Parallel Markets: The Effect of Lawful Crossing on Unlawful Crossing at the US Southwest Border
Michael A. Clemens
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16938
Meritocracy across Countries
Oriana Bandiera, Ananya Kotia, Ilse Lindenlaub, Christian Moser, Andrea Prat
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16936
Demography, Human Capital Investment, and Lifetime Earnings for Women and Men
Joyce P. Jacobsen, Melanie Khamis, Mutlu Yuksel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16935
The Externalities of Immigration Policies on Migration Flows: The Case of an Asylum Policy
Lucas Guichard, Joël Machado
published in: Journal of Economic Geography, 2025, 25 (1), 59–74
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16934
Labor Market Externalities of Pre-retirement Employment Protection
Paweł Chrostek, Krzysztof Karbownik, Michal Myck
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16932
The Big Shift in Working Arrangements: Eight Ways Unusual
Steven J. Davis
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